PSY 101 Lecture 2 Lenses PDF

PSY 101 LENSES IN PSYCHOLOGY Lecture 2 January 22, 2024 PSY 101 Today’s Agenda 1. What is Psychology? 2. History of Psychology 3. Contemporary Lenses in Psychology PSY 101 2 Reviewing the Syllabus Q’s How many unexcused absences do you have? Two What time is homework due? Noon If you cheat/use AI/pl...

PSY 101 LENSES IN PSYCHOLOGY Lecture 2 January 22, 2024 PSY 101 Today’s Agenda 1. What is Psychology? 2. History of Psychology 3. Contemporary Lenses in Psychology PSY 101 2 Reviewing the Syllabus Q’s How many unexcused absences do you have? Two What time is homework due? Noon If you cheat/use AI/plagiarize an assignment, what is the consequence for the first violation? A conversations with me and a 0 on the assignment What are three things do not count as excused absences? Sickness without documentation, childcare, transportation Can you use your notes on the quizzes? Yes! Do you have to take the final, cumulative quiz? No – if you are happy with your quiz scores. PSY 101 3 Can Plants Think? PSY 101 4 CanHowPlants Think? would you test this? PSY 101 5 psychology the scientific study of thoughts, feelings and behavior. PSY 101 6 psychology the scientific study of thoughts, feelings and behavior. Cleve Backster: CIA interrogation specialist Put polygraph machine on plants Plants had changes in electrical activity when cut Plants had changes in electrical activity when shrimp die nearby PSY 101 7 Can Plants Think? PSY 101 8 Order in Which We Will Learn About Psychology Starting from the inside and moving outward…. Starting with our physiological building blocks: The brain and nervous system Consciousness / Awareness Sensation and Perception Moving outward: Learning, Cognition, Intelligence & Memory Development, Emotion, and Motivation Personality and Social Psychology Stress, Health, Disorder and Treatment PSY 101 9 Psychology: ‘a Short History but a Long Past’ E.G. Boring: the first historian of psychology. PSY 101 10 1879: the first psychology laboratory opens at University of Leipzig Wilhelm Wundt: the founder of modern psychology PSY 101 11 Wilhelm Wundt: the founder of modern psychology introspection: process by which someone examines their own conscious experience as objectively as possible. PSY 101 12 Time to Introspect! Find a partner! Partner #1: Face the board. Read the word on the screen. Describe it without using the word. Partner #2: Try to guess what they are talking about. Words will get more complex as we go. introspection: process by which someone examines their own conscious experience as objectively as possible. PSY 101 13 Time to Introspect! apple introspection: process by which someone examines their own conscious experience as objectively as possible. PSY 101 14 Time to Introspect! happiness introspection: process by which someone examines their own conscious experience as objectively as possible. PSY 101 15 Time to Introspect! salmon introspection: process by which someone examines their own conscious experience as objectively as possible. PSY 101 16 Time to Introspect! soul introspection: process by which someone examines their own conscious experience as objectively as possible. PSY 101 17 Time to Introspect! What comes to mind? apple – color? flavor? happiness – a memory? a definition? salmon – color? animal? soul – spiritual? tangible? PSY 101 18 Time to Introspect! What comes to mind? apple – color? flavor? happiness – a memory? a definition? salmon – color? animal? soul – spiritual? tangible? the mind has emotions PSY 101 the mind has senses the mind has categories 19 Wilhelm Wundt: the founder of modern psychology Edward Titchener: founder of structuralism: the study of the different components of the mind PSY 101 20 William James: the founder of American psychology; founds functionalism: how mental activities helped an organism fit into its environment PSY 101 21 Structuralism (WHAT IS THE MIND): The consciousness contains emotion. The consciousness contains images. The consciousness contains senses. Functionalism (WHY IS THE MIND: Why do you need emotions? Why do you need images? Why do you need senses? PSY 101 22 Sometimes... the mind does not work quite right. PSY 101 23 St. Louis Asylum (1900) Housed 660 patients (capacity = 300) 10% discharge rate “Treating” melancholia, mania, addiction, dementia, diseases related to syphilis, neurasthenia and periodic insanity, PSY 101 PSY 101 25 Sigmund Freud: founder of psychoanalysis: a method of treating patients through talk therapy that proposes a conflict within the unconscious causes distress. PSY 101 26 PSY 101 27 Gestalt Psychology (1930s) a theory emphasizes that the whole of anything is greater than its parts. focuses on the study of sensation and perception PSY 101 28 PSY 101 29 PSY 101 30 “Uhh, what if your participants are making this up?” PSY 101 31 Behaviorism (1940-1950s) focused on the study of behavior, especially learned behavior Argues that the mind can never really be objectively observed (“black box” problem). Relies heavily on the animal model Inspired by the work of Pavlov, but founded by Watson and his student Skinner PSY 101 32 Cognitive Revolution (1960-1970s) based in the idea that the mind is like a computer (takes inputs, produces outputs) Rebuttal to behaviorism We can study the mind; we just need to do so scientifically. PSY 101 33 Humanism (1960s) emphasizes the potential for good in humans previous theories were deterministic (all actions driven by the unconscious) and reductionistic (we’re just animals) Establishes a hierarchy of human needs (Maslow) and a therapeutic technique called “client-centered therapy” (Rogers) PSY 101 34 Psychology’s Timeline: 1870s: Wundt establishes the first experimental psychology lab 1890s: Structuralism v. Functionalism 1900s: Psychoanalytic Theory 1930s: Gestalt Psychology 1940s: Behaviorism 1960s: Humanist Psychology and the Cognitive Revolution PSY 101 35 PSY 101 36 The Different Lenses of Psychology PSY 101 37 Why do we feel happy? PSY 101 38 1. Biological Psychology the study of how biology influences behavior can include neuroscience, behavioral genetics, comparative psychology, and evolutionary psychology PSY 101 39 serotonin: a neurotransmitter responsible for things including mood, learning, memory, and physiology. PSY 101 40 2. Cognitive Psychology the study of thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and actions. can include attention, sensation/perception, memory PSY 101 41 cognitive appraisal theory (Lazarus theory of emotion): emotions are a response to a thought in your brain. PSY 101 42 3. Developmental Psychology the study of development across the lifespan can include physical development, cognition, moral reasoning, and social development PSY 101 43 Social smiling develops around 6 weeks of age, especially with caregivers. PSY 101 44 4. Personality Psychology the study of patterns of thoughts and behaviors that make individuals unique. PSY 101 45 Extraverts are more likely to experience happiness (Sun et al., 2016). PSY 101 46 5. Social Psychology the study of social interactions, including their origins and their effects on the individual. PSY 101 47 Religious individuals experience greater wellbeing (Fredrickson, 2002). PSY 101 48 6. Industrial-Organizational Psychology applies psychological theories, principles, and research findings in industrial and organizational settings. PSY 101 49 Autonomy and cooperation in the workplace lead to greater employee happiness (Xanthopoulou et al., 2011) PSY 101 50 7. Health Psychology how health is affected by the interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors PSY 101 51 Meditation and mindfulness may reduce stress and boost happiness. PSY 101 52 8. Sport and Exercise Psychology the psychological aspects of sport performance, including motivation and performance anxiety, and the effects of sport on mental and emotional wellbeing. PSY 101 53 Exercise releases endorphins. PSY 101 54 PSY 101 55 9. Clinical Psychology focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. PSY 101 56 Patients with schizophrenia do not show lower levels of happiness than healthy-matched controls (Saperia et al., 2018; Agid et al., 2012) X PSY 101 57 10. Forensic Psychology a branch of psychology that deals with questions of psychology as they arise in the context of the justice system. PSY 101 58 We do not conclusively know if violent video games lead to real world aggression (Halbrook et al., 2019) ? PSY 101 59 What Psychologists Do: 1. Research (professors, statisticians, UX researchers) 2. Teach (professors, high school instructors) 3. Practitioners (licensed psychologists, social workers, forensic psychologists) 4. Community Outreach (social workers, community psychologists) 5. Policy Work (lobbyists, consultants) PSY 101 60 How to become a practitioner: There are many different paths! 1. Major in psychology or an adjacent social science 2. Apply for graduate school at an accredited university (MA, MS, MSW, PhD, PsyD, MD) 3. Complete coursework, clinical hours, internships 4. Get appropriate licensing PSY 101 61 Can Plants Think? PSY 101 62 What’s our one question? PSY 101 63 Wrap-Up Summary: The study of psychology begins in the 19th c. in Europe. There are ten different fields in contemporary psychology. For Next Time: Ch. 2 Attendance Question: Name and which of the ten contemporary fields are you most excited to learn about? PSY 101 64