PSY 1A Module 2: Bio-Ecological Perspective of the Self PDF

BIO-ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF MODULE 2 20 / 1 DR. Urie Bronfenbrenner American psychologist - (1917-2005) formulated the Ecological Systems Theory His theory focuses on...

BIO-ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF MODULE 2 20 / 1 DR. Urie Bronfenbrenner American psychologist - (1917-2005) formulated the Ecological Systems Theory His theory focuses on the quality and context of the child's environment Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory The model suggests the interactions between the individual and their environment, categorized into various systems, shape their development over time. organizes contexts of development into five levels of external influence. levels are categorized from the most intimate level to the broadest The Microsystem the smallest and most immediate environment in which children live. Interactions within the microsystem typically involve personal relationships with family members, classmates, teachers and caregivers. How these groups or individuals interact with the children will affect how they grow. For Children For Adults Who do they live with or Job interact with, and what is their relationship with those Class people? Place where they live Teacher Parents School Consider this... Think about this... Given two siblings experiencing the same microsystem, is it possible for the development of them to progress in different manners? The Mesosystem The mesosystem encompasses the interaction of the different microsystems which children find themselves in. It is, in essence, a system of microsystems and as such, involves linkages between home and school, between peer group and family, and between family and community.  for children Parent-Teacher Interactions o Situation: A student's academic performance and behavior at school might be influenced by how well their parents and teachers communicate and collaborate. Positive parent- teacher relationships can lead to better support for the student, while a lack of communication might result in misunderstandings or neglect of the student's needs. Friendship Groups and Family o Situation: A child’s friends coming over to their house and interacting with the family is an example of a mesosystem interaction. The values and behaviors of the child’s peer group can influence family dynamics, and vice versa, impacting the child’s behavior and development. Think about this... In a hypothetical situation, how does the relationship between your family/friends and your special someone might affect your rlationship with him/her? Why? The Exosystem The exosystem pertains to the linkages that may exist between two or more settings, one of which may not contain the developing children but affect them indirectly, nonetheless. The Exosystem Based on the findings of Bronfenbrenner, people and places that children may not directly interact with may still have an impact on their lives. Such places and people may include. The parents’ workplaces, extended family members, and the neighbourhood the children live in. The Exosystem A teenager might not directly interact with certain social media influencers, but their friends or family members do. If a parent frequently engages with content on social media that promotes specific parenting styles or health advice, this may influence how the parent interacts with the teenager, indirectly shaping the teenager's experiences and development. The Tarlac State University Board of Regents would be an example of an exosystem for you, because you have probably (most of you) never met the trustees, but they do affect your immediate environment because they affect things like your tuition and fees, who we’re going to hire, College policies, and things like that.  The Exosystem A teenager might not directly interact with certain social media influencers, but their friends or family members do. If a parent frequently engages with content on social media that promotes specific parenting styles or health advice, this may influence how the parent interacts with the teenager, indirectly shaping the teenager's experiences and development. The Tarlac State University Board of Regents would be an example of an exosystem for you, because you have probably (most of you) never met the trustees, but they do affect your immediate environment because they affect things like your tuition and fees, who we’re going to hire, College policies, and things like that. A teenager might not directly interact with certain social media influencers, but their friends or family members do. If a parent frequently engages with content on social media that promotes specific parenting styles or health advice, this may influence how the parent interacts with the teenager, indirectly shaping the teenager's experiences and development. Think about this... What certain events/situations of your friends that could affect you? In what way? The MACROSYSTEM The macrosystem is the largest and most distant collection of people and places to the children that still have significant influences on them. This ecological system is composed of the children’s cultural patterns and values, specifically their dominant beliefs and ideas, as well as political and economic systems. The MACROSYSTEM Gender Roles in Different Cultures o Situation: In some cultures, women are expected to focus on domestic responsibilities, while men are expected to be the primary breadwinners. Social Media o Social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok play a significant role in shaping societal attitudes and cultural trends, such as body image ideals, political views, or definitions of success. The CHRONOSYSTEM The chronosystem in Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory refers to the dimension of time as it relates to an individual's environments and experiences. It encompasses the changes and transitions in an individual's life and the broader sociohistorical context that occur over time. These changes can be either personal (such as life transitions) or societal (such as historical events). The CHRONOSYSTEM Part of this relates to when events occur in a person’s life. For example, we can talk about how people are typically affected by becoming parents, but the effects are very different if someone becomes a parent for the first time at age 16 or 26 or 36. Divorce and Family Dynamics A child experiencing their parents’ divorce at a young age versus in their teenage years will likely be impacted differently. The timing of the divorce and the subsequent changes in family structure and routines reflect the chronosystem's influence. The CHRONOSYSTEM Birth of a Sibling o The arrival of a new sibling can significantly impact a child, depending on the timing within the family structure. For example, the impact might differ for a child who is 2 years old compared to one who is 10 years old, as their needs and understanding of the event will be different. Retirement o Example: The transition to retirement marks a significant shift in a person's life, affecting their daily routines, social interactions, and financial situation. The timing of retirement, whether planned or forced by circumstances, influences how individuals adapt to this new phase of life. One behavior, many context What major will he/she choose? Will he/she succeed in his/her chosen course? Self: Intelligence, learning disabilities, motivation Microsystem: What does your parents wants you to take? Can they support you financially in the course that you want? Mesosystem: Perhaps your parents have friends who in the school and recommends certain programs; course your friends want Exosystem: Parents want you to take a course suggested by their friends Macrosystem: Cultural norms and values regarding the importance of education, and which majors are appropriate for men; State regulators set tuition and fees: politician can raise or lower the education budget Chronosystem: Would your choice of course be affected by the new normal/pandemic?