Proteins and Amino Acids PDF
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This document provides information about proteins and amino acids, including their structure, function, and role in living organisms. It covers various aspects of these key biological components, such as the diversity of amino acids and the different structures of proteins. It also explains the factors influencing protein functionality, including folding and environmental factors.
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MACROMOLECULES: PROTEINS MACROMOLECULES: PROTEINS What is a protein? Chain of amino acids which are molecules that contain hydrogen, carbon, and other atoms Most diverse and important molecule in living organisms Helps with transporting of substances, controlling chemical reactions and so...
MACROMOLECULES: PROTEINS MACROMOLECULES: PROTEINS What is a protein? Chain of amino acids which are molecules that contain hydrogen, carbon, and other atoms Most diverse and important molecule in living organisms Helps with transporting of substances, controlling chemical reactions and some transmit signals from the cell AMINO ACIDS: Make up proteins How many are there? 20 Common examples: Leucine, serine, cysteine, phenylalanine Other facts: Small molecules that contain a central carbon atom attached to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen, and a side chain (R group) R groups distinguish the amino acid Structure Proteins are composed of amino acids with a variable R group that determines the IMF (Intermolecular Force) of 𝛂carbon monomer. There are 20 different amino acids that are coded for by a cellʼs DNA in the process of building a protein chain. The order of the amino acids is key in determining the function of the protein. Dehydration Synthesis links the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of another. For proteins, functionality is determined by the shape they fold into. Proteins spontaneously fold due to the interaction of the R groups with each other and the environment. This interaction will change with temperature, pH, ion molarity and presence of other chemicals. This may unfold or denature the protein, rendering it useless. Linear proteins are used for Due to the large polymer size, ribbon structural support, like in muscle tissue diagrams are often used to show overall and globular proteins are functional structure. The enzyme RuBisCo is pictured here & has a vital role in photosynthesis. molecules, like enzymes.
