Protection Notes Part 1 PDF

Normal condtion andabnormal Condiion : The 6yskm Can Con un normay in normal Con dihons onont of ( Can de liver the requre fouer Heetg the Same qstem arneters wthen acceptabe lints). the seeond sate i...

Normal condtion andabnormal Condiion : The 6yskm Can Con un normay in normal Con dihons onont of ( Can de liver the requre fouer Heetg the Same qstem arneters wthen acceptabe lints). the seeond sate is abnormal Condihion These d turbances Could be due to tats / these feults an CcCure at pant of the sys tem and affe ct elements ar During the fawlt, the Spply a htarepBed and different laads are affected. O. What are the causes of the eut ? The Causes of the feul Can be attibuted to nomal Condtions and abnormal Condihons.. normal Cendkhions Such as fauults betueen phases and ground abnorml conditions Sue h as bad weather, ain, Q. What ane the Conceg uences of the folt G O, As an effeet of the fauult fire Can haplen heatng Can also happen pen damage damoqe of e quifnet  loss of supphy, death. * In qeneral e Can classity the butts mto Short Corcuits and phase hterruption. or tae shart Craut we hae Several ty pes oF Soults W Sngk phase to ground ault 21 Phase to Phase ault. phase to phase to ground falt. Three phase Rul+ 5 Three Phase to qfund feh. For the interrupthons we haue mterrupton of Can One phase nd interru ption of two Ahases. - Single Phase to ground is the most Common o fau ts more than 8o, o the Gu.lfs ane Phase o gaund bults. Abaut 122. are phase to phase aults 5) of the faults ure three phase fults And the rest for tue co ther ults This Clasificoation depends On the strength of te sy shem relic bi lty of the Systen yand def de fends On ions Seh other Condtons Sueh asas ueather existence of the  The most Severe aut wth e h faut Currewts are the thee hase ault systom. Such buult is Called bolted ful Sometmes Such Suc h eults are asually Ccur due to human errorS / Sueh as missmg the ground Connec ted te the system during energigaton. Smqle phase to gund ane less Severe om thee phase to ground fau ts. these faults re mainy caused by wea ther problms, trees , animals One of fhe Causes of the faults is aqinq of tue insulation. * Phase to Phase folls Can be Caused by any of The prewias reasons espeeialy during the human errors Short Short circitng between phases or y Usually the Single phase to ground aults ar tanse.k faults we meoun byy dansieat falts that tue Aalt Can be nsheA or d'sappeced afBer Some hine, especially br the medium uo lhage dsnibtron sys ten hae afuh We Wse X We of tue eeder and ths teeaer is eq uip Ped with auto reclosinq Systen when the  fault occus the auto reelosng gstem win ihrtay ofen the Syskem, then it will wait or ashort time Cdead tione) befoe it reclosed agin * If the fau t persst (permenent) the circut wiM open aqain wartnq for another ded time and then reclese. Q. Hous many times we an repete this action ? ’ this depends on the sctng of the auto rcoloser sometmes, and in Some Comfanies ComPanics they have expenence wJith three times. then it oill wilh block cpen and do es n't Close agn until the maintanious Peopk Come ad Solve the peblem. Auto reelosina s deuided nto two clases s D Single Phase auto reclosng. Three Phase auto eetosing In sngle Pha auto relesmg on ly the volted fhase will be closed three phase cuto eclosnq regwine s that al the thee Phases cotl p. this de Pen ds on class f voltage On eheh tue auto reelosoSng ís used Qnd perience of the Power reliabilyhy.  X other types et hults / Suoh as Over heatng m the equpment , too many arts of motors Can Cauuse over hea tng Jand generator loss of ercitation Can lead to overheat * Sutchings Surqes J oUer bad on cables ensformer rersa of dreoton the Present of e Phase Com ponent Cfreq ueney Îs doubled) ; j}wih Cause over heat. * Finay the fault and Severity of the Shoct circut deponds on te type of the ear eartng ystem This means that we haue three tyes of cartg Conn eeded direety between the neutral Pont and erth die cted without ractance or amyThing 2Earthhg ystem though imfe danee ; ths Can be nduetance esistance Combinetron. the Cdependng ype of tue fult) 3 Isolated system : means that thee s no any Conecto this ty pe of arcthmg IS used only for Sgsens thot have low Shot circut curent  Some times ,these short cirwt currents are lees than the phase Currents. Therefor , No eed or hawing earthng ylem or thi's Case