Properties of Solids I Recitation PDF

Properties of Solids I Recitation Ningning Yang, PhD 10/3/2024 Fill the table Shape Volume Flowability Movement of Particles fixed fixed no No (very little Solids...

Properties of Solids I Recitation Ningning Yang, PhD 10/3/2024 Fill the table Shape Volume Flowability Movement of Particles fixed fixed no No (very little Solids vibration) Can change fixed yes yes Liquids Can change Can change yes yes Gases Discuss the relation between the kinetic energy, temperature, pressure, and changes of the states. Solids->liquids->gases, kinetic energy increases If increase temperature, kinetic energy increases If increase temperature, solids->liquids or liquids->gases or solids- >gases When the temperature is kept same, if the pressure is increased, gases->liquids or gases->solids or liquids->solids Please fill the blanks. Fill the blanks Initial Form Final Form Process Example conditions Amorphous Crystalline crystallization RH, storage, temperature and more Crystalline Amorphous Amorphization Grinding, wet granulation and more Polymorph I Polymorph II Transformation RH and more Anhydrous Hydrate/Solvate Hydration RH, wet granulation and more Hydrate/Solvate Anhydrous Drying RH, temperature and more Describe equivalent sphere diameter. For evaluate the irregular shape particles Is based on volume, surface area, mass or linear dimension. These diameters differ to a greater degree when the particle shape deviates more from that of a sphere.  Why particle size is important in pharmaceutics? Mixing and blending (narrow size distribution preferable) Dose uniformity (greater with smaller particles) Powder flow (smaller size worse flow) Aerosolization (dry powder inhalers) Dissolution (small size better) Suspendability of suspensions List the methods of measuring particle size. Ensemble methods (sieves, light scattering) _________________________ Very Coarse #8 Sieve Coarse #20 Sieve Mod. Coarse #40 Sieve Fine #60 Sieve Very Fine #80 Sieve ______________________ Number counting methods (microscopy) Optical Microscopy is used to see the particles (>1 µm) suspended in solids or viscous solutions. Scanning Electron Microscopy may be used on smaller particles in solids, on dried films. Transmission Electron Microscopy used for nanoparticles suspended in solids or suspensions Kaolin has a true density of 2.65 g/cc. You measure 20 mL of the powder weighs 5.95 g. Calculate the Bulk density, True volume, Void, Porosity, and Bulkiness of this powder. Bulk density = Mass/Bulk volume = 5.95g/20mL = 0.30g/mL True volume = Mass/True density = 5.95g/(2.65g/cc) = 2.25mL Void = (Bulk V-True V)/Bulk V=(20mL-2.25mL)/20mL =0.89 Porosity = Void *100 =89% Bulkiness = 1/Bulk density = 1/(0.30g/mL) = 3.33 mL/g Explain the Wettability and Young’s equation The surface tension of the liquid The surface tension of the solid The solid/liquid interfacial tension Young’s Equation:  SV −  SL =  LV cos( ) 𝜃 = 0𝑜 completely wettable 𝜃 ≥ 90𝑜 not wettable