Matter and Change Review PDF

# Matter and Change: In Review ## I. Compare and contrast the following pairs of words: 1. **Mass & Volume** - Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object. - Volume is a measure of the amount of space an object occupies. 2. **Physical Change & Chemical Change** - A physical chan...

# Matter and Change: In Review ## I. Compare and contrast the following pairs of words: 1. **Mass & Volume** - Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object. - Volume is a measure of the amount of space an object occupies. 2. **Physical Change & Chemical Change** - A physical change is a change in the form or appearance of a substance, but not in its chemical composition. - A chemical change is a change in the chemical composition of a substance, resulting in a new substance. 3. **Compound & Mixture** - A compound is a substance formed when two or more elements are chemically combined. - A mixture is a combination of two or more substance that are not chemically combined. 4. **Extensive Property & Intensive Property** - An extensive property is a property that depends on the amount of matter present (e.g., mass, volume). - An Intensive property is a property that does not depend on the amount of matter present (e.g., density, melting point). ## II. Vocabulary Review: Give the term that matches each statement. | # | Statement | Term | |---|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------| | 5 | A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined | mixture | | 6 | Anything that has mass and occupies space | matter | | 7 | A measure of the amount of matter | mass | | 8 | A mixture with uniform characteristics throughout | homogeneous mixture | | 9 | A pure substance made of only one kind of atom | element | | 10| The amount of three-dimensional space an object occupies | volume | | 11| A measure of the gravitational pull on matter | weight | | 12| A mixture that has parts with different compositions | heterogeneous mixture| | 13| Two or more elements chemically combined | compound | ## III. Classify each of the following as an element (E), compound (C), or mixture (M): | # | Substance | Classification | |---|-----------------------------|--------------| | 14| Helium | E | | 15| Water | C | | 16| Sodium | E | | 17| A sedimentary rock | M | | 18| Salt | C | | 19| Air | M | ## IV. Classify each of the following as a homogeneous (Ho) or a heterogeneous (He) substance: | # | Substance | Classification | |---|--------------------------------------------------|--------------| | 20| Salt | Ho | | 21| Milk | He | | 22| Oil and vinegar salad dressing | He | | 23| Air | Ho | | 24| Iron ore | He | | 25| A granola bar | He | ## V. Classify each of the following as a physical change (P) or chemical change (C): | # | Change | Classification | |---|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------| | 26| An ice cube melting in a glass | P | | 27| The burning of a log in a fireplace | C | | 28| A silver platter tarnishes when exposed to air | C | | 29| A steaming kettle on a stove | P | | 30| The digestion of complex starches | C | | 31| Grinding a crystal into a fine powder | P | | 32| A silver platter tarnishes when exposed to air | C | | 33| Hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to form sodium chloride and water | C | | 34| Salt dissolves in water | P | ## VI. Classify each of the following as an intensive property (I) or an extensive property (E): | # | Property | Classification | |---|-------------------------------------|--------------| | 35| Volume | E | | 36| Boiling point | I | | 37| Malleability | I | | 38| Mass | E | | 39| Density | I | ## VII. A scientist discovered an unlabeled substance in her lab. In trying to identify the substance, she discovered the following properties. Indicate whether each is chemical property (C) or a physical property (P): | # | Property | Classification | |---|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------| | 40| The substance has a mass of 49.6 grams | P | | 41| When exposed to intense ultraviolet light, the substance changes color | C | | 42| The substance is dull and has no luster | P | | 43| The substance has a melting point of 78.4° С | P | | 44| The substance is a poor conductor or heat and electricity | P | | 45| When placed in hydrochloric acid, the substance bubbles and fizzes | C | ## VIII. Open Response 46. Draw circles to represent atoms or molecules in a square, showing how their arrangement differs in solids, liquids, and gases. 47. Describe how you would go about separating a mixture of sand and salt. 48. Create a concept map that includes the following terms or phrases: homogenous, heterogeneous, compound, matter, pure substance, mixture chemically combined, element, not chemically combined. ## 49. Ethanol will evaporate in an open container. Ethanol can be burned as a fuel in an automobile engine. Which is a chemical change and which is a physical change? Explain your answer. Evaporating ethanol is a physical change. The ethanol changes state from a liquid to a gas, but its chemical composition remains the same. Burning ethanol, on the other hand, is a chemical change. The ethanol reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and heat. This changes the chemical composition of the ethanol and forms new substances. ## 50. Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) breaks down to form nitrogen gas, oxygen gas, and water. **a) Write an equation for this reaction. (The equation does NOT have to be balanced).** NH4NO3 - N2 + O2 + H2O **b) Indicate which substances are the reactants and which are the products.** Reactants: NH4NO3 Products: N2, O2, H2O **c) When 40 grams of ammonium nitrate is reacted, it forms 14 grams of nitrogen gas and 8 grams of oxygen gas. How much water will be formed? What law is this?** The total mass of the reactants must equal the total mass of the products. This is known as the Law of Conservation of Mass. Since the reactants have a total mass of 40 grams, and 14 grams of nitrogen gas and 8 grams of oxygen gas are produced, the mass of the water produced must be 40 - 14 - 8 = 18 grams. ## Phase Change **From/to** | **Molecule speed (increase/decrease)** | **Heating or cooling** | **Molecule attraction (increase/decrease)** | **What is a phase change?** | **According to the Kinetic Theory of Matter, all particles of matter are** ---|---|---|---|---|--- **Melting** | increase | heating | decrease | A change of state of matter from solid to liquid | in constant motion **Sublimation** | increase | heating | decrease | A change of state of matter from solid to gas | in constant motion **Freezing** | decrease | cooling | increase | A change of state of matter from liquid to solid |  in constant motion **Vaporization** | increase | heating | decrease | A change of state of matter from liquid to gas |  in constant motion **Condensation** | decrease | cooling | increase | A change of state of matter from gas to liquid |  in constant motion **Deposition** | decrease | cooling | increase | A change of state of matter from gas to solid |  in constant motion ## States of Matter and Phase Changes | Property | Solid | Liquid | Gas | |---|---|---|---| | **Shape (Definite or Not definite)** | Definite | Not Definite | Not Definite | | **Mass (Definite or Not Definite)** | Definite | Definite | Definite | | **Volume (Definite or Not Definite)** | Definite | Definite | Not Definite | | **Arrangement of Atoms** | Fixed | Somewhat fixed, but particles can move | Randomly arranged | | **Movement of Atoms** | Vibrate in place | Can move around each other | Move freely | | **Speed of Atoms** | Slow | Medium | Fast | | **Density** | High | Medium | Low | | **Amount of Energy** | Low | Moderate | High |