Properties of Matter PDF

## LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER - MATTER CANNOT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED - IT JUST CHANGES FROM ONE FORM TO ANOTHER. (MATTER GETS RECYCLED) ## PARTICLES of a SOLID (Physical Property) - **Pattern:** ATOMS (PARTICLES) ARE ARRANGED CLOSELY PACKED TOGETHER - **Movement:** VIBRATE - **Shape/Volume:**...

## LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER - MATTER CANNOT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED - IT JUST CHANGES FROM ONE FORM TO ANOTHER. (MATTER GETS RECYCLED) ## PARTICLES of a SOLID (Physical Property) - **Pattern:** ATOMS (PARTICLES) ARE ARRANGED CLOSELY PACKED TOGETHER - **Movement:** VIBRATE - **Shape/Volume:** HAS FIXED SHAPE & FIXED VOLUME ## BELLRINGER Calculate the density for the following objects: | Object | Mass | Volume | Density | State | |---|---|---|---|---| | a | 10 | 5 | 2 g/ml | sinker | | b | 16 | 8 | 2 g/cm³ | sinker | | c | 5 | 10 | 0.5 g/ml | floater | | d | 12 | 12 | 1 g/cm³ | water | Which object is water? Which object will float in water? Which objects will sink in water? ## Chemical Properties of Matter - **Chemical Properties:** Properties that determine whether or not a substance will react chemically. - **Flammability:** the ability to burn. - **Reactivity:** The ability for a substance to react with another. Simply, when two substances get together, something can happen. ## STATES OF MATTER - State of matter is a physical property!!!! - MATTER CAN BE FOUND IN 4 STATES (PHASES) - SOLID - LIQUID - GAS - PLASMA ## DENSITY OF WATER!!!!! - The density of water is ALWAYS 1.0 g/mL. - Anything less than 1.0 g/mL will FLOAT. - Anything greater than 1.0 g/mL will sink. ## Measurable Properties of Matter - Measure by: dividing and objects mass by it's volume. - Calculate: Density = Mass/Volume $D = \frac{m}{V}$ - Mass divided by Volume - **UNIT:** since mass is measured in grams and volume is measured in cm³ or mL the unit for density has to have those two units. - So, the unit for density is g/mL or g/cm³. ## Why does this happen? - **Hot air balloon rises** - **Basketball goes flat in winter** - **Atmosphere changes as you climb a mountain** - **Perfume can be smelled all over the room** ## The particles in a GAS: - **Pattern:** none - **Movement:** PARTICLES MOVE VERY FAST & AS FAR APART AS THEY CAN GET - **Shape:** NO FIXED SHAPE, takes shape of container - **Volume:** No fixed volume ## In Solids, the particles are very tightly packed SO: - THE OBJECT IS HARDER - THE MORE DIFFICULT IT IS TO BREAK THEM APART - THE MORE ENERGY NEEDED TO CHANGE FROM A SOLID TO A LIQUID ## These are two, unopened full cans of soda. Explain why one is floating and one has sunk. ## Matter - Matter can be described by using physical and chemical properties. These are characteristics the matter has that make it unique. - **Physical Properties:** Are properties that can be observed or measured. (color, mass, length, volume, density, state, etc). - Physical Properties can be either: - Observable - Measurable ## Objects float in other substances because they are less dense than the substance they are floating in. - Why does ice float in water? They are both the same substance, right? ## Matter - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER ## THEORY OF KINETIC ENERGY - **1. ATOMS ARE ALWAYS MOVING** - **2. THE MORE ENERGY ADDED TO THE ATOMS, THE FASTER & FARTHER APART THEY MOVE** ## The particles in a LIQUID: - **Pattern:** none - **Movement:** atoms roll or slide over each other and move faster than a solid. - **Shape:** No fixed shape, takes shape of container - **Volume:** Fixed ## DENSITY - When does an objects density change? - If heat is added or taken away!!!! - HEAT – spreads out molecules – LESS dense - Take AWAY heat – molecules come together – MORE dense. - Hot objects are less dense than cool objects!!!! ## Observable Physical Properties - Observable Physical Properties: Properties you can use your senses to get information about an object. - If you can describe the matter based on what it looks, feels, smells or tastes like, you are describing the physical properties. ## What is Matter? - Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume). - Examples of matter: ## Examples of Observable Physical Properties - State of Matter: Matter can either be a solid, liquid, gas, or plasma. We observe this by using our senses. - In this presentation you will: - explore the physical properties of matter - explore the influence of physical properties of matter on everyday life ## The particles in PLASMA: - **Pattern:** none - **Movement:** Particles move very fast and are therefore very HOT - **Shape/Volume:** NO FIXED SHAPE OR VOLUME - **Facts:** - Most common state of matter in the universe. - Most Uncommon state of matter on Earth. - Found in lightning, fluorescent lights and stars (Sun) ## Why are some objects less dense than other objects? - As the molecules of a substance spread apart, the density of the substance is lowered. - What causes molecules to spread? - Adding energy so the movement of the molecules increases. ## Notice how tightly packed the atoms are in the liquid water vs the solid water? - **Water in the Liquid State** - **Water Molecule Structure** - NO WAY!!! This is a unique quality of water. Most solids are always more dense than their liquid forms.