Professional Conduct And Ethical Standards PDF

**PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS** **LEARNING OBJECTIVES** At the end of the lecture, you will be able to: 1. Familiarize and explain the principles of professional conduct 2. Recognize the primary responsibility and limitation of authority of a Registered Criminologist 3. En...

**PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS** **LEARNING OBJECTIVES** At the end of the lecture, you will be able to: 1. Familiarize and explain the principles of professional conduct 2. Recognize the primary responsibility and limitation of authority of a Registered Criminologist 3. Enumerate different crimes committed by Government Officials/Employees 4. Understand laws governing the code of ethics of registered criminologists **SCOPE** This lecture aims to cover the following topics: 1. Understanding Ethics, Morality, Values, Social Norms, and Standards 2. Laws Related to Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards 3. Correlation of human and public relations (Philosophies and foundations of good police community and human relations) **PART 1: Understanding Ethics, Morality, Values, Social Norms, and Standards** **WHAT IS ETHICS?** - ethics is taken to mean as a philosophical science that deals with the morality of human conduct or human acts. - defined as "the science of the morality of human acts and rational human behavior" - is the capacity to determine right conduct and the knowledge of what is right from wrong - a system of moral principles or moral standards governing conduct - it is a particular system of principles and rules concerning duty; it is a system of rules and practice applied to a single class of human actions. - concerned with a rational examination of principles and rules that guide appropriate moral conduct. - The study and philosophy of human conduct, with emphasis on the determination of right and wrong. - Ethics is a philosophical science. This means that ethics is one of the many disciplines in philosophy **FOUR DISCIPLINES / DIVISIONS IN PHILOSOPHY** 1. [Descriptive or Speculative] -- a discipline in philosophy that posits the question: What is the nature of reality? (Metaphysics) 2. [Normative] -- a discipline in philosophy that posits the question: What is good and what is bad? Or what is right action and wrong action? (Moral philosophy) 3. [Practical philosophy] -- a discipline in philosophy which reflects upon truth in relation to action. (Logic) 4. [Critical philosophy] -- a discipline in philosophy that posits the question: What is truth? (Epistemology) **CHARACTER vs. PERSONALITY** [Character] - It is objective in nature. It is within a person. - A particular system of trait that is permanent to each person. - It is molded depending on his environment. - One's character shows on how the person acts and reacts to his or her peers and how she or he deals with everything that happens around him or her. [Personality] - It is subjective. It changes at point in time. - A set of characteristics that each person possesses. - It influences how one behaves as well as one's motivation. - The image that one presents in front of other people. **MORALS AND MORALITY DEFINED** **MORAL** - pertaining to character and behavior from the point of view of right and wrong - The judgment we make relating to societal principles of right and wrong behavior **MORALITY** - Foundation of human society - Morality is the quality of human acts by which they are constituted as good, bad or indifferent. - Also known as "Moral Integrity" which is the only true measure of what man ought to be. - The most successful professional, is nothing unless he too is morally upright. Thus, the philosophers speak of ethics as the "only necessary knowledge". - Morality is the foundation of every human society - Importance of morality as a standard of behavior. - When the moral foundation of a nation is threatened, society itself is threatened. **DISTICTIONS OF MORALITY** - Moral -- good and right - Immoral -- bad and wrong - Amoral -- neither good nor bad **BASIS OF MORALITY** 1. Social Norms -- unwritten standard of acceptable behavior in society 2. Laws of Society -- written rules of behavior 3. Religion -- system of beliefs & practices used to worship a god/group of gods 4. Conscience -- the practical judgment of reason telling us what should be done and what should be avoided **WHAT ARE VALUES?** - A principle or quality that is intrinsically desirable. - These are the priorities that an individual gives to the elements in his life and career based on his ethics, morality, and integrity. - Described as a qualitatively determined behavior which has a normative obligatory character and presupposes the liberty of possible decision. **PROPERTIES OF VALUES** - **Subjective** -- the existence and the validity of values are dependent upon on the feelings or attitudes of the subject. - **Objective** -- the existence and the nature of values are independent of a subject. - **Relative** -- this means that values have intrinsic limitation and imperfection. - **Bipolar** -- this mean that values do not exist alone; they always exist with their counter values. Thus, values are either [positive or negative]. - **Hierarchical** -- the order of importance by means of ranking and prioritizing values. **KINDS OF VALUES** 1. Biological -- necessary for survival 2. Psychological -- emotional fulfillment 3. Intellectual -- for intellectual fulfillment 4. Moral -- spiritual fulfillment **FOUR CARDINAL VIRTUES** 1. Prudence 2. Fortitude 3. Temperance 4. Justice **Prudence** - the ability to make decision by means of reason and sound judgment - **Fortitude** - firmness of the mind, enduring without yielding, strength of the will, virtue that incites courage. There are 3 kinds of fortitude, namely: a. patience -- calm in enduring situations b. perseverance -- ability to go on despite obstacles c. endurance -- ability to last **Temperance** - **Justice** - giving to each what is right/due to him. Examples of justice includes: a. legal - society may justly require from individual for the common good b. commutative - the rights that exist between individuals c. distributive - rights that an individual may claim from society **THE SIX (6) CORE MORAL VALUES** - [LOVE OF GOD] - give God what is due Him and develop the moral virtue of religion through adoration, prayer and obedience. - [RESPECT OF AUTHORITY] - treat freedom with a sense of self-determination and personal responsibility, and as a social being, exercise intelligently obedience. - [SELFLESS LOVE OF PEOPLE] - respect human life, respect the human body, and learn to give, to give oneself, and to love. - [CHASTITY] - respect the dignity of human sexuality by practicing chastity inmarriage through sexual love that is romantic, procreative, exclusive and lasting, or if unmarried, by having no experience of sexual pleasure. - [RESPONSIBLE DOMINION OVER MATERIAL THINGS] - should not be dominated by it (detachment) and should share it with his fellowmen bearing in mind that the material world is limited (scarce). - [TRUTHFULNESS] - never telling what is not true (untruth) because it destroys the foundation of social life which is based on mutual trust **ORGANIZATIONAL VALUES** Every organization has values that are important to the group. It will help the organization to survive. Organizations develop values much the same as each individual has developed values. **THE SIX (6) CORE WORK VALUES** - [INDUSTRIOUSNESS] - what a person wants to, looks for, keeps busy, and strives to work well. - [SENSE OF RESPONSIBILITY] - what a person does is dependent on him, and he puts his will and intellect to his job (creativity/initiative) and is held accountable for it. - [ORDER (SENSE OF TIME)] - prioritizes the use of time, values his time, first things first. - [COLLABORATION] - fosters teamwork and solidarity for unity. - [DETERMINATION] - a person possesses qualities of perseverance, patience and strength to cope with obstacles, difficulties and trials - [SERVICE] - performing duties or work for another, a person or an institution that brings about benefits and/or results. **WHAT ARE HUMAN ACTS IN GENERAL?** - Human acts are actions that proceed from the deliberate free will of man. In a broader perspective, the term human acts refer to any activity performed by man. - This activity could either be physical, spiritual, internal, or external. Moral philosophy, however, treats the term human acts not in its broader but in its stricter meaning. - Moral Philosophy, therefore, understands human acts as actions that are proper only to man. - These actions are those which man does not share with the brutes for human acts are rational and willed acts. **THREE-FOLD ELEMENTS OF HUMAN ACTS** - Human act is defined as those actions which man performs... 1. Knowingly, (*Knowledge*) 2. Freely, and (*Freedom*) 3. Voluntarily. (*Voluntariness*) - These are the actions performed with presence of knowledge and the control of the will. We refer these actions as deliberate, intentional, or voluntary. **CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN ACTS** - Conscious agent (knowing) - Performed by agent were acting freely (free) - Performed by agent who decide willfully to perform the act (willful) **KINDS OF HUMAN ACTS** Human acts are either elicited acts or commanded acts... 1. [Elicited acts] - are those performed by the will and are not bodily externalized. Paul Glenn enumerates the following elicited acts: a. Wish - the tendency of will towards something, whether this be realizable or not. b. Intention - something that is attainable but without necessarily committing oneself to attain it. c. Consent - the acceptance of the will of those needed to carry out the intention. d. Election- the selection of the will of those means elected to carry out the intention. e. Fruition- the enjoyment of the will derived from the attainment of the thing he had desired earlier. 2. [Commanded acts] -- are those done either by man's mental or bodily powers under the command of the will. It is either internal or external actions. a. *Examples of internal actions are conscious reasoning, recalling something, encouraging oneself, controlling arouse emotions and others.* b. *Examples of external actions are walking, eating, dancing, laughing, listening, reading and others.* **SOURCE OF HUMAN ACTS** 1. Codified laws 2. Ethics 3. Free choice **MORAL DISTINCTION** - Moral actions are those actions which are in conformity with the norms of morality. They are good and permissible actions. - Immoral actions are not conformity with the norm of morality. They are bad or evil and are not permissible. - Moral actions are those actions w/c stand neutral in relation to the norm of morality. They neither be good or bad in themselves. But certain moral actions may become good or bad because of the circumstance's attendant to them **PART 2: Laws Related to Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards** I. **[RA 6506]** -- An act creating the Board of Examiners for Criminologist in the Philippines for other purposes II. **[RA 1131 (The Philippine Criminology Profession Act of 2018)]** -- An Act Regulating the Practice of Criminology Profession in The Philippines, And Appropriating Funds Therefor, Repealing for The Purpose Republic Act No. 6506, Otherwise Known As \"An Act Creating the Board of Examiners for Criminologists in The Philippines\" Article II. PROFESSIONAL REGULATORY BOARD FOR CRIMINOLOGISTS. Section 10. \(b) To receive complaints and decide the matter as to the malpractices and unethical conduct in the practice of the criminology profession; \(d) To promulgate and adopt Code of Ethics and Code of Good Governance for the practice of criminology; \(l) To hear and investigate cases on violations of this Act, its implementing rules and regulations (IRR), the Code of Ethics, the Code of Good Governance and other policies, and for this purpose, to issue summons, subpoena ad testificandum and subpoena duces tecum to alleged violators and/or witnesses to compel their attendance in such hearings or investigations and the production of documents in connection therewith Article III. EXAMINATION, REGISTRATION, CERTIFICATION AND LICENSURE. Section 22. \(a) Violation of any provision of this Act, its IRR, the Code of Ethics, the Code of Good Governance, or policy of the Board and/or the Commission... III. **[Professional Regulation Commission Oath]** IV. **[Philippine Registered Criminologists Code of Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards]** *Article I. PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY OF REGISTERED CRIMINOLOGIST* a. The primary responsibility of every person admitted to the practice of Criminology as a Registered Criminologist is to bear faithful allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines and be loyal to his profession. They shall accept as a sacred obligation and responsibility as citizens to support the Constitution of the Philippines and as a Registered Criminologist to defend the principles of liberty as defined in the Constitution and Laws. b. As a Registered Criminologist, they shall strive to improve their effectiveness by diligent study and sincere attention to improvement and welcome the opportunity to disseminate practical and useful information relating to matters accruing to the benefit of public safety and welfare. *Article II. LIMITATION OF AUTHORITY* a. The first duty of a criminologist as upholder of the law is to know its bounds upon him, be aware of limitations and prescriptions and recognize the system of government that gives to no man group or institution absolute power. He must ensure that he is prime defender of that system and as such must never pervert its character. b. They shall in the performance of their duty be just, impartial, and reasonable, never according to anyone more preferential treatment than another. They shall recognize the limitation of their authority and at no time use the power of their profession for personal advantage. *Article III. PRIVATE CONDUCT* a. The Registered Criminologist must be mindful of his special identification by the public as an upholder of the law. He must never be lax in conduct or manner in private life, express disrespect for the law, nor seek to gain special privilege that would be reflective upon the profession. He must so conduct his private life that the public will regard him as an example of stability fidelity and morality. b. He must strive to elevate the standing of the profession in the public mind, strengthen public confidence in law enforcement, develop and maintain complete support and cooperation of the public and ensure the effectiveness by encouraging complete cooperation of members for their mutual benefit. *Article IV. CONDUCT TOWARDS THE PUBLIC* a. The Criminologists always remind that dignity, fairness and a genuine willingness to help are essential to their public image and their ability to do a good job. b. The Criminologists mindful of their responsibility to the whole community, deal with individuals of the community in a manner calculated to instill re spect for its laws and their profession. c. They shall be habitually courteous and accept their responsibility by being punctual and expeditious in their engagements and duties. They shall regard their profession as a public trust and in the discharge of their duties, bear constantly in mind their obligation to serve the public efficiently and effectively. *Article V. ATTITUDE TOWARDS PROFESSION* a. The criminologists shall strive to make the best application of science to the solution of crime, by diligent study and sincere attention to self-improvement, and in the fields of human relationships, strive for effective leadership and public influence in matters affecting public safety. b. He shall appreciate the importance and responsibility of his profession as an honorable one rendering valuable service to his community and country. They shall strive to attain certain of the most withering cross examination particularly from fellow criminologists and associates. c. He shall avoid outside influence from overzealous and overanxious clients and his findings shall be based solely and entirely on logical and scientific deduction derived from a fair and impartial examination personally performed by him. d. He must never lose sight of the important fact that he should not only work for the identification, apprehension and conviction of criminals, but must strive with greater if not equal vigor to clear the innocent. *Article VI. ATTITUDE TOWARDS FELLOW CRIMINOLOGISTS* a. The Criminologists shall strive constantly to improve professional standing of Criminology through association with others in the profession and keeping abreast with the fast-moving world of science and technology through constant research and development. b. He shall cooperate fully with fellow criminologists regardless of personal prejudice. He should, however, be assured that such action is proper and in accordance with law and guard against the sue of this office or person, knowingly or unknowingly in any improper or illegal action. He always bears in mind at all times that it is not sufficient to be proficient in one's work, he must also have a high sense of justice, a belief in the dignity and worth of all men and a proper motivation and attitude. He must possess a sense of dedication to his profession and a sense of duty and obligation to his fellowmen. c. He shall cooperate with fellow criminologists and public officials to the end that the safety and general welfare of the public will be assured, never permitting jealousies or personal differences to influence their professional duties and obligations. *Article 7. CODE OF ETHICS* The universally accepted Code of Ethics for Law Enforcement shall be temporarily adopted pending formulation of a more specific code that embraces all aspects of Criminology. **Law Enforcement Code of Ethics** As a Law Enforcement Officer, my fundamental duty is to serve mankind; to safeguard lives and property; to protect the innocent against deception; the weak against oppression or intimidation, and the peaceful against violence or disorder; and to respect the constitutional rights of all men to liberty, equality and justice. I will keep my private life unsullied as an example to all; maintain courageous calm in the face of danger, scorn or ridicule; develop self-restraint; and be constantly mindful of the welfare of others. Honest in thought and deed in both my personal and official life, I will be exemplary in obeying the laws of the land and the regulation of my department. Whatever I see or hear of a confidential nature or that is confided to me in my official capacity will be kept ever secret unless revelation is necessary in the performance of my duty. I will never act officiously or permit personal feelings, prejudices animosities or friendships to influence my decisions. With the compromise for crime and with relentless prosecution or criminals, I will enforce the law courteously and appropriately without fear or favor malice or ill will, never deploying unnecessary force or violence and never accepting gratuities. I recognize the badge of my office as a symbol of public faith, and I accept it as a public trust to be held so long as I am true to the other of the police service. I will constantly strive to achieve these objectives, and ideals, dedicating myself before God to my chosen profession...law enforcement. *Article 8. EFFECTIVITY* This Code of Ethics for Registered Criminologist shall be effective upon approval hereof by the Commission and **after fifteen (15) days** following its publication in the official Gazette. V. **[RA 6713 (Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees)]** -- An Act Establishing a Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees, To Uphold the Time-Honored Principle of Public Office Being a Public Trust, Granting Incentives and Rewards for Exemplary Service, Enumerating Prohibited Acts and Transactions and Providing Penalties for Violations Thereof and For Other Purposes Section 2. It is the policy of the State to promote a high standard of ethics in public service. Public officials and employees shall at all times be accountable to the people and shall discharge their duties with utmost responsibility, integrity, competence, and loyalty, act with patriotism and justice, lead modest lives, and uphold public interest over personal interest. "Public office is a public trust." VI. **[Executive Order No. 292]** -- Oath of Office for Public Officers and Employees, signed July 25, 1987 Section 40. All public officers and employees of the government including every member of the armed forces shall... take an oath or affirmation to uphold and defend the Constitution. Section 41. Officers Authorized to Administer Oath. Section 42. Duty to Administer Oath. VII. **[Section 37 of RA 6975]** - Mandated the creation of the COPCES through the statement "There shall be established a performance evaluation system which shall be administered in accordance with the rules, regulations and standards, and a CODE OF CONDUCT promulgated by the Commission for members of the PNP." VIII. [**NAPOLCOM Resolution No. 92-4** --] approved on March 12, 1992 the draft of the PNP Code of Professional Conduct and Ethical Standard **PNP CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS** **A Policeman must have:** - - - - - **Relative Laws and Promulgations** 1. RA 3019 -- The Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act 2. RA 6713 -- Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees 3. RA 7080 -- The Anti-Plunder Act 4. RA 10589 -- The Anti-Corruption Month Act 5. People's Law Enforcement Board (PLEB) Rules and Regulations January 7, 1992 -- PNP Ethics Day, celebrated annually since 1995 December -- Anti-Corruption Month **Administrative Offenses** 1. Non-feasance 2. Misfeasance 3. Malfeasance 4. Incompetency 5. Oppression 6. Dishonesty 7. Disloyalty to the government 8. Violation of law - **Nonfeasance** - is the omission or refusal, without sufficient excuse, to perform an act or duty, which it was the peace officer's legal obligation to perform; it implies a duty as well as its breach and the fact can never be found in the absence of a duty. **Misfeasance** - irregularities in the performance of duty; improper performance of some act which might be lawfully done. **Malfeasance** - misconduct or doing, either through ignorance, inattention or malice, of that which that which the officer had no legal right to do at all. - **Incompetency -** is the manifest lack of adequate ability for the satisfactory intellectual and physical performance of police duties. **Oppression** - imports an act of cruelty, severity, unlawful execution, domination, or excessive use of authority. **Disloyalty to the Government** - consist of abandonment or renunciation of one's loyalty to the government or advocating the overthrow of the government. - **Violation of Law** - presuppose conviction in court of any crime of offenses penalized under revised penal code or any special law or ordinances. **Graft**- the acquisition of gain or advantage by dishonest, unfair or sordid means, especially through the abuse of one's position or influence in politics or government. **Corruption** - any act done with an intent to give some advantage inconsistent with official duty and the rights of others **Bribery** - the act of receiving gifts or presents or accepting offers and or promises in exchange for committing a crime that relates to the exercise of the office which the public officer discharges. **Major Categories of Corruption:** 1. Negotiable graft -- Mutual bargaining between officer and criminal 2. Extortion -- solicitation of money and favor in return for ignoring violation 3. Acceptance of petty bribes -- small bribes during traffic violations **Patterns of Corruption** 1. Corruption of authority 2. Kickbacks 3. Opportunistic theft 4. Shakedowns 5. Protection of illegal activities 6. Fixes 7. Direct criminal activities 8. Internal payoffs **Classification of Corrupt Police Officers** 1. Straight-shooters -- covers and conceals colleague's corrupt practices 2. Grass-eaters -- passively accept gifts and bribes 3. Meat-eaters -- actively and aggressively seek gains 4. Rogues -- possess all deviant behaviors of a corrupt police officer; hoodlums in uniform; scalawags 5. White Knights/Eagles -- policemen with integrity, honesty and straightforwardness **Slippery slope** -- concept of corruption where one thing leads to another, from being a straight-shooter or grass-eater to becoming a rogue police officer. **Canons of Police Ethics** 1. Primordial police responsibility -- a policeman's primary responsibility is the prevention of crimes 2. Limitation of police authority -- a policeman's authority has limits and non-exemptions 3. Knowledge of the law -- a policeman must know and understand law and relationship with other law enforcement agencies 4. Use of Proper Means to Obtain Proper Ends -- a policeman must use lawful methods in performing their official duties and achieving goals/objectives 5. Cooperation with Public Officials -- a policeman must cooperate despite affiliations (non-partisanship) 6. Proper Conduct and behavior -- a policeman must be careful of what they say and do. 7. Conduct Towards the Community -- a policeman must deal with the community in a manner that will instill respect for the law 8. Conduct in arresting law violators -- a policeman must conform with rules and procedures 9. Firmness in Refusing Gifts -- a policeman must never ask for and never accept gifts 10. Impartial Presentation of Evidence -- a policeman must fairly present all evidence to prove innocence or guilt 11. Attitude Towards Police Profession -- a policeman must have high regard for the police profession, and improve his/her knowledge and skills to give the best public service **Professional Police Principles** 1. Prevention of crime and disorder -- alternative to crime suppression 2. Cooperation of the community -- securing respect and trust of the community 3. Unreasonable force reduces community cooperation -- abuse of authority will affect public attitude and opinion 4. Use of reasonable force when persuasion is not sufficient 5. Impartial Enforcement of Laws -- equality and generality 6. The Community are the Police 7. Police should not usurp judicial powers -- no authority to declare guilt or innocence 8. Reduction of crime and disorder -- test of police efficiency 9. Impartially observation of Rules on Engagement during police operations 10. Police Discretion -- act or liberty to decide according to principles of justice and one's own idea of right and proper under circumstances - **PNP Core Values** 1. **love of God** 2. **respect for authority** 3. **selfless love and service for people** 4. **sanctity of marriage, and family life** 5. **responsible dominion and stewardship over material things,** 6. **truthfulness.** **PNP Stand on Basic Issues** 1. PNP Image -- All members of the PNP should act in a manner that would reflect best on the PNP and live by the PNP's core values. 2. Career management: The key to professionalism -- Proper and strict policies on recruitment, training, assignment, promotion, awards, discipline and retirement to ensure sound administration and overseeing welfare of its members 3. Police management leadership -- The effectiveness of law enforcement is reflective of the managerial capabilities and competent leadership of the men and women who run the PNP organization 4. Delicadeza -- A sense of pride and self-worth; sacrifice of self-interest in the name of duty; avoidance of bringing dishonor to him/herself and the PNP 5. Equality in the service - All police officers shall have equal opportunities for improvement and career advancement based on merit 6. Police Lifestyle - Police officers must live a simple, yet credible and dignified life, free from greed, corruption and exploitation 7. Political Patronage - Police officers must NEVER ASK for recommendations from public officials in matters pertaining to promotion, assignment, awards and others 8. Human Rights - All PNP members must respect and protect human dignity and men's inalienable rights to life, liberty and property. **POLICE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT** All members of the PNP shall observe the following professional police conduct: 1. **Commitment of Democracy** - Uniformed PNP members shall commit themselves to the democratic way of life and values and maintain the principles of public accountability. - They shall at all times uphold the constitution and be loyal to our country, people and the police organization. 2. **Commitment to Public Interest** - PNP members shall always uphold public interest over and above personal interest. - All government properties, resources and powers of their respective offices must be employed and used effectively, honestly and efficiently, particularly to avoid wastage of public funds and revenues 3. **Non-Partisanship** - PNP members shall provide service to everyone without discrimination regardless of party affiliation in accordance with existing laws and regulations. 4. **Physical Fitness and Health** - All PNP members shall strive to be physically fit and in good health at all times. Towards this end, they shall undergo regular exercises and annual medical examination in any PNP hospital or medical facility. 5. **Secrecy Discipline** - All PNP members shall guard the confidentiality of classified information against unauthorized disclosure, including confidential aspect of official business, special orders, communication and other documents, roster or any portion thereof, contents of criminal records, identities of person who may have given information to the police in confidence and other classified information on intelligence materials. - Official Business - Special Order - Roster - Criminal Record - Identity of a Person 6. **Social Awareness** - All PNP members and their immediate family members shall be encouraged to actively get involved in the religious, social, and civic activities to enhance image. 7. **Non-solicitation of Patronage** - All PNP members shall seek self-improvement through career development. 8. **Proper Care and Use of Public Property** - Members shall be responsible for the security, proper care and use of public property issued to them and/ or deposited under their care and custody. Unauthorized use of public property for personal convenience or gain and that of their families, friends or relatives are strictly prohibited. This also included retiring, reassigning, and recovery of such items. 9. **Respect for Human Rights** - In the performance of their duty, PNP members shall respect human dignity and uphold human rights of all persons. - He shall not inflict, investigate, or tolerate extra-judicial killing, arbitrary arrest, any act of torture or other cruel, inhuman, or degrading punishment. - He shall not invoke superior order or exceptional circumstances such as state of war, a threat to national security, internal political instability or any committing such violation of human rights. 10. **Devotion to Duty** - All PNP members shall perform their duties with devotion, and manifest concern for public welfare. 11. **Conservation of Natural Resources** - Policemen shall help in the development and conservation of our natural resources for ecological balance and posterity as these are inalienable heritage of our people. 12. **Discipline** - They shall conduct themselves at all times in keeping with the rules and regulations of the Philippines. 13. **Loyalty** - Above all, policemen must be loyal to the Constitution and to the police service as manifested by their loyalty to their superiors, peers and subordinates as well. 14. **Obedience to Superior** - Policemen of lower ranks must be always courteous and obedience to their superior and other appropriate authorities within the chain of command. - No members shall use abusive, insulting or indecent language to another member. 15. **Command Responsibility** - In accordance with the Doctrine of Command Responsibility, immediate commanders shall be responsible for the effective supervision, control and direction of their personnel. **Police Ethical Standards** 1. Morality 2. Judicious use of authority 3. Justice 4. Humility 5. Orderliness 6. Perseverance 7. Integrity **POLICE CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS** **Custom** - rules of conduct formed by repetition of acts uniformly practiced as social rules; established usages or social practices carried on by tradition that have obtained the force of law. **Courtesy** -- an expression of consideration and respect force of law. - **Police Customs on Courtesy** 1. Salute - Salute is the usual greetings rendered by uniformed members upon meeting and recognizing person entitled to a salute. 2. Salute to National - Colors Members stand at attention and salute the national color and standard as these passes by them or when the national color is raised or lowered during ceremonies. 3. Address - Junior in rank address senior members who are entitled to salute with the word "Sir" or "Ma'am". All Police Commissioned Officers shall be addressed sir or ma'am by Police Non-Commissioned Officers and Non-Uniformed Personnel. 4. Courtesy call - Appearance before a superior officer as a sign of respect and in acknowledgment of the latter's authority or position 1. Courtesy Call of Newly Assigned/Appointed Member 2. Christmas Call 3. New Year's Call 4. Promotion Call 5. Exit Call 5. Courtesy of the Post -- The host unit extend hospitality to visiting personnel who pay respect to the command or unit. 6. Rank has its own privilege - PNP members recognize the practice that different ranks carry with them corresponding privileges. **Ceremony** - a formal act or set of acts established by customs or authority as proper for special occasions **Police Customs on Ceremonies** 1. Flag Raising Ceremony - PNP members honor the flag by raising it and singing the National Anthem before the start of the official day's work for the week 2. Flag Lowering Ceremony - PNP members salute the lowering of the flag at the end of the official day's work for the week 3. Half-Mast - the flag is raised at half-mast in deference to deceased uniformed members of the command 4. Funeral Service and Honor - departed uniformed members, retirees, war veterans or former PNP members are given vigil, necrological services and graveside honors. 5. Ceremony Tendered to Retirees -- testimonial activity in recognition of long, faithful and honorable service to the PNP 6. Honor Ceremony - arrival and departure honor ceremonies are rendered to visiting dignitaries, VIPs, PNP officers with the rank of Chief Superintendent and above and AFP officers of equivalent grade. 7. Turn Over Ceremony - relinquishment and assumption of command or key position is publicly announced by the outgoing and incoming officers 8. Wedding Ceremony - during marriage of PNP members, a ceremony is conducted with participants in uniform and swords drawn 9. Anniversary - the birth or institutional establishment of a command or unit is commemorated in an anniversary ceremony **Police Customs on Social Decorum** 1. Proper Attire -- PNP members must always wear appropriate and proper attire in conformity with the occasion. 2. Table Manner -- PNP members must always observe table etiquette at all times. 3. Social Graces -- PNP members must always conduct themselves properly in dealing with people during social functions 4. Uniform/Appearance -- PNP members must always wear of prescribed uniform with according awards and decorations, and adhere to the prescribed haircut 5. Manner of Walking - PNP members must always walk with pride and dignity. **Other Police Customs:** 1. **Visiting the Sick- Immediate commanders or other available officers of the unit visit PNP Members who are sick in the hospital, their residence or any place of confinement in order that their needs are attended to.** 2. **Survivor Assistance of Heir of Deceased Members- A survivor officer is designated whenever PNP members die, to render maximum assistance to their bereaved family until all benefits due shall have been received.** 3. **Visiting the Religious Leaders- PNP Officers visit religious leaders in their areas of assignment to establish or maintain rapport and cooperation between the different religious leaders and the PNP.** 4. **Athletics- PNP members indulge in physical fitness activities to ensure that their proper physical appearance and bearing are smaller than the size of his chest and in conformity with the standard set forth by the organization.** 5. **Happy Hours- Usually on Friday or any other day suitable for the occasion, PNP members gather together at their PNP club for a light-hearted jesting or airing of minor gripes.** **Traditions -- Bodies of beliefs, stories, customs and usages handed down from generation to generation with the effect of an unwritten law.** **Police Tradition** 1. Spiritual Beliefs- PNP members are traditionally religious and God-loving person. They attend religious services together with the members of their family. 2. Valor- History attests that the Filipino law enforcers have exemplified the tradition of valor in defending the country from aggression and oppression and protecting/preserving the life and property of the people. They sacrificed their limbs and lives for the sake of their countrymen whom they have pledged to serve. 3. Patriotism- The PNP members are traditionally patriotic by nature. They manifest their love of country with a pledge of allegiance to the flag and a vow to defend the constitution. 4. Discipline- The discipline of the PNP members is manifested by instinctive obedience to lawful orders and thorough and spontaneous actions towards attainment of organizational objectives guided by moral, ethical and legal norms. 5. Gentlemanliness-PNP members are upright in character, gentle in manners, dignified in appearance, and sincere in their concern to fellowmen. 6. Word of Honor- PNP members' word is their bond. They stand by and commit to uphold it. 7. Duty- PNP members have historically exemplified themselves as dedicated public servants who perform their tasks with a deep sense of responsibility and self-sacrifice. They shall readily accept assignment anywhere in the country. 8. Loyalty- PNP members are traditionally loyal to the organization, country and people as borne by history and practice. 9. Camaraderie- The binding spirit that enhances teamwork and cooperation in the police organization, extending to the people they serve., in manifested by the PNP members' deep commitment and concern for one another. **Penalties and Administrative Sanctions on the PNP COPCES** **The penalties for the commission of acts/practices in violation of this Doctrine shall be in accordance with the Revised Penal Code, RA 6713, RA 3019 and other specials laws. For acts or omissions which merely require administrative sanctions, the applicable punishments as provided for the rules and regulations promulgated by the PNP, NAPOLCOM, Civil Service Commission and DILG shall be applied.** **Part 3: Correlation of human and public relations** **POLICE COMMUNITY RELATIONS** - Sum of all dealings between the police and the people it serves, whose goodwill and cooperation it craves for the greatest possible efficiency in service - Heart of Police Operations **Public Relations** - the act of bringing about better understanding, confidence, and acceptance for an individual or an organization. **Human Relations** - fundamental rules (moral and legal) that governs relationship of men in all aspects of life **Integrated Police Advisory Council** - an advisory council in every level of command of the PNP, involving local officials and public citizens in the preservation of peace and order and the promotion of public safety **Police Public Image** - refers to how the people and community perceive or regard the police. **Aspects of Police Community Relations** 1. Public Information Program 2. Public Relations Program 3. Civic Action Programs 4. Mass Communication Program **Civic Action Program** - a program that makes the policemen a friend, partner, and defender of the people. **Mass Communication Program** - designed to influence the opinions, emotions, attitudes and behavior of the public. **Mass Media** - Channels through which information is disseminated to the public (television, movies, radio, newspaper, and the like) **Propaganda** - the planned use of mass communication for public purpose **General Approaches in Police Community Relations** 1. Externally-Oriented 2. Youth-Oriented 3. Service-Oriented 4. Internally-Oriented **Principles of PCR** 1. Public support must be maintained. 2. Public resentment must be avoided. 3. Public goodwill must be developed. 4. Public must be kept informed. ***Crime Prevention*** - An important police function which will be impossible to be accomplished without community cooperation/assistance **Categories of Peace Officers' individual Public Relations** 1. Domestic Relations 2. Neighborhood Relations 3. Community Relations 4. Church Relations 5. Government Relations **Categories of Peace Officer's Professional Relations** 1. Intra-departmental 2. Inter-departmental 3. Citizen's relations 4. Complaint's relations 5. Relations with the accused 6. Relations with state prosecutors/fiscals 7. Judicial relations 8. Government relations ***"A man without ethics is a wild beast loosed upon this world." **-- Albert Camus* \-\-\-\-\--end\-\-\-\-\--