Infectious Diseases Presentation PDF

«ҚАЗАҚСТАН-РЕСЕЙ НУО «КАЗАХСТАНСКО-РОССИЙСКИЙ МЕДИЦИНСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ» МЕДИЦИНАЛЫҚ УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ» МЕББМ INFECTIOUS...

«ҚАЗАҚСТАН-РЕСЕЙ НУО «КАЗАХСТАНСКО-РОССИЙСКИЙ МЕДИЦИНСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ» МЕДИЦИНАЛЫҚ УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ» МЕББМ INFECTIOUS DISEASES Prepared: N.V. Kulik Kazakhstan, Almaty 2024  Content  Basic points.  The links of the infectious process.  Signs of infectious diseases.  Periods of infectious diseases.  Duration of infectious diseases.  Classification of infectious diseases.  Prevention. Vaccination calendar in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Infectious diseases.  Infection – (from Latin – Inficio) a state of infection, contamination of the body by other living organisms (viruses, protozoa, bacteria, etc.) Infectious process-  A complex of reactions aimed at ensuring homeostasis and equilibrium with the environment arising in a macroorganism as a result of the introduction and propagation of microorganisms pathogenic to it. The links of infectious process.  Signs of an infectious disease.  1. The presence in the body of a living pathogen.  2. The patient becomes a source of infection for others.  3. The mass nature of the disease is the spread of an infectious disease (foci, epidemics, pandemics).  4. Strict cyclicality of the disease – incubation, prodroma, initial period, peak, period of subsidence, recovery or chronization.  5. Leaving a trace in the body in the form of antibodies or persistent immunity.  Periods of infectious  diseases The incubation period is the (hidden) period from the ingress of the pathogen to the first clinical manifestations.  The initial period is PRODROMA, the first signs of the disease, which are non–specific in nature.  The peak period is the greatest severity of clinical manifestations with a characteristic clinic for this disease.  The period of subsidence is a decrease in clinical symptoms associated with an overall improvement in the condition.  Recovery is the final restoration of health with or without consequences. Duration of Infectious Disease 1) The acute process – till to 3 month 2) Subacute process – from 3-6 month 3) The chronic process – over 6 month Fulminant (lightning–fast) course is an ultra acute course of a rapid increase in clinical manifestations, as a rule, with an unfavorable outcome. Persistence - (Persisto-to stay permanently –long- term preservation of the pathogen  Terminolog  y. Exacerbation is an increase in the manifestations of a clinically incomplete disease.  Remission is a temporary weakening or disappearance of the clinical manifestations of the disease.  Relapse is a return of the manifestations of the disease that occurs after the disappearance of clinical symptoms – activation of an endogenous infection.  Reinfection is a new infection of the convalescent with the same pathological agent, which leads again to the development of an infectious process, i.e., a consequence of exogenous infection.  Nosocomial infection (nosocomial) is a consequence of infection of a patient or employee with a hospital strain of infection after contact with an infectious patient.  DETERMINATION OF THE SEVERITY OF THE PATIENT'S CONDITION.  Satisfactory condition - in the presence of signs of the underlying disease, there is no pathological syndrome characterizing the dysfunction of vital organs and systems.  Moderate severe condition – pathological syndromes are moderately pronounced, they do not have a significant effect on the patient's well-being and the activity of vital organs and systems. All their functions are in a state of stable compensation.  Severe condition – pathological syndrome or syndromes are pronounced  DETERMINATION OF THE SEVERITY OF THE PATIENT'S CONDITION  Severe, stable condition – the functions of vital organs and systems are close to baseline. There is no sharp deterioration in the condition in the coming hours.  Severe, unstable condition – compensation indicators are not stable, compensation is achieved by a significant strain on all mechanisms. In the coming hours, a sharp deterioration in the patient's condition is possible. Intensive therapy and intensive supervision are required.  Severe, critical condition – an extreme degree of dysfunction of vital organs and systems, depletion of compensation mechanisms. Independent recovery is impossible without intensive care and resuscitation.  Terminal state  Agony is a slow or rapid death characterized by the fact that all organs and systems are in a state of decompensation, despite the treatment.  Clinical death – reversible death is the time from the moment of cessation of effective blood circulation to the onset of irreversible changes on the part of the cells of the cerebral cortex.  Biological death is irreversible death – the onset of irreversible changes in organs and tissues, primarily in the cells of the cerebral cortex. Prevention  Principles of Vaccination Vaccination should be:  1. Be safe  2. Be highly efficient. The basis of vaccine effectiveness is immunogenicity.  3. The vaccine should be administered 1 time and provide lifelong immunity for 100% of those vaccinated.  4. The route of administration is safe and painless.  Monovaccines are divided into M o n o v a l e n t (contain antigens against one serotype or strain of the pathogen) and Polyvalent (contain antigens against several serotypes or strains of the same microorganism). (Meningo A+ C, pneumo 23, imovax D. T. polio inactivated trivalent polio vaccine)  Combined vaccines (MMR, DTaP)  Inactivated vaccines (IPV, DTaP, BCG, Hepatitis A,B etc.) Immunization Calendar of the Republic of Kazakhstan Thank you for your attention!!!