PRDO Optometry Around the World PDF

Optometry around the world sws  § A worldwide panorama of optometry unveils an evolving montage of legislation, education, practice management, service delivery and public health initiatives that defines the profession, given...

Optometry around the world sws  § A worldwide panorama of optometry unveils an evolving montage of legislation, education, practice management, service delivery and public health initiatives that defines the profession, given the unique circumstances of every country. Introduction § Professional developments parallel those within the United States, others diverge, because of context, policy processes and stakeholders involved in eye and vision care.  § The dynamics are growing even more complex as globalization affects the accessibility, mobility, Globalization regulation and education of optometrists within a merging marketplace.  § In 2005, the World Council of Optometry (WCO) adopted the Global Competency-Based Model Global Model of Scope of Practice in Optometry, for Optometry which provides a rational framework for addressing the challenges of professional harmonization.  § It may also help regulatory bodies assure practitioner competency when faced with the migration of optometrists across national borders. Global Model for Optometry § This historic document may stimulate greater uniformity when applied to teaching syllabi and statutory definitions of the scope of practice.  § I. Optical Technology Services: Management & dispensing of ophthalmic lenses, other devices that Four model correct defects of the visual system. categories of OPTICIANS clinical care: (WCO) § II. Visual function services: Investigation, examination, measurement, diagnosis and defects of the visual system. REFRACTING OPTICIANS  § III. Ocular diagnostic services: investigation, examination & evaluation of the eye & adnexa, and associated systemic factors to defect, diagnose and Four model mange disease. Recognize signs and symptoms categories of OPTOMETRY DOCTORS - DPA clinical care: § IV. Ocular therapeutic services: Use of (WCO) pharmaceutical agents & other procedures to manage ocular conditions/disease. to handle or direct with a degree of skill OPTOMETRY DOCTORS - TPA  Four model categories of clinical care: (WCO)  § In Japan, for example, optometry is restricted to refraction, with no official recognition by the Ministry of Health or Ministry of Education. Optometry in § In response, the All Japan Optometric and Asia & Oceania Optical Association developed a certification program with 8,260 participants to self-regulate quality assurance and educational competencies.  § April 2010, no practitioners will be able to register without possessing the educational background stipulated by the association. Japan § This professional development strategy should position optometrists in Japan for future growth.  § In New Zealand, practitioners earn a Bachelors degree in optometry after five years of study. Credentialed optometrists may prescribe the full range of topical eye medications excluding glaucoma Asia & Oceana medicines. § In 2000, a post-graduate certificate in ocular therapeutics was introduced in Victoria.  § New Zealand and Australia have a mutual recognition agreement in which optometrists who are registered in one country may practice Asia & Oceana in the other, provided they comply with all jurisdictional statutes. § Both countries permit practice in category 4 of the WCOs Global Model.  § Graduates from the two-year program may provide preventive eye care services, basic refraction, dispensing services and pathology screening in the public sector. § Select graduates will complete two additional Africa years of education to earn a Bachelors degree in optometry and work in either the public or private sector. § Ultimately, success depends upon government recognition of the profession, multilateral collaboration and regulatory measures.  § Israel § has nearly 700 registered optometrists = serving a population of 7.2 million. § A 1991 law includes a clause that forbids optometrists from examining children and the elderly although it does not specify the age range of either group. Middle East § 1995, the Israeli government approved the conversion of optometry to an academic profession and changed this restriction. § Now, optometrists may serve as the primary point of access for all age ranges but they must recommend that children under the age of six and adults 60 years and older also seek a medical eye exam from an ophthalmologist.  § Two Israeli schools of optometry offer four-year academic degrees that permit graduates to provide visual function services (category 2). Israel § The Israel Council of Optometrists is currently seeking diagnostic privileges for qualified optometrists, advancing them to category 3 of the Global Model.  § 1993, Four year course baccalaureate program § Recent improvements shows an extension of years of education to five years in several university in KSA, and 6th yr to some. (post grad) Saudi Arabia § Optometry profession in under the Ministry of Health § On completion of the training, the students could apply in Saudi Council of Health Specialties to get registered as a Practical Optometrist  § a five/four-year Doctor/ Bachelors/ Bachelors with Honors course at many institutions § After graduation the optometrists can join a four- tiered service delivery level (Centre of Excellence, Tertiary/Teaching, District headquarter and sub- Pakistan district /Tehsil headquarters). § One Institute (Lahore) started bridging programmes for Bachelors/ Bachelors with Honors to become Doctor of Optometry OD, Post Professional Doctor of Optometry(PP-OD), Transitional Doctor of Optometry(t-OD).  § Not yet a regulated field in Pakistan as there is no professional licensing board or authority responsible for Pakistan issuing practice licenses to qualified optometrists. This creates difficulty for Pakistani optometrists who wish to register abroad  § Each program accept students that have completed grade 12th or the third year in high school (following US education model). § These programs offer "Doctor of Optometry" degree to graduates from the program that Thailand will take six years to complete the courses. § Practicing optometrists will also required to pass licensing examination (three parts examinations) that is administrated through a committee under the Ministry of Public Health.  § Bachelor's degree in Optometry (Bachelor of Clinical Optometry) (B.Optom). § Eligibility for B.Optom course is Higher Secondary Examination (10+2 course) § Candidates satisfying the eligibility India requirement for the B.Optom course have to appear for the EYECET examination. § The EYECET exam is the centralised, combined, entrance test for entry into optometry courses, which is universally recognised all over the country  § B.Optom course is of 4 year duration.The first 3 years teaching is followed by one year of internship for clinical and trade experience. § There will be practical training in Basic Science, Dispensing Optics and Clinical subjects. India § The forth and final year is internship where the students are posted at various hospitals and specialty eye clinics and Optical establishments for clinical training and hands-on practice.  § Direct admission to third year B.Optom course, candidates who have completed their 10+2, must have a 2 year diploma course in Optometry, Ophthalmic Techniques, Refraction, Orthoptics and Ophthalmic Assistance with 40% marks from an Institute India § Candidates with Secondary School Certificate (std X) must have a 3 year diploma course in Ophthalmic Techniques and should have worked in an Ophthalmic clinic or Optical establishment for a minimum period of one year after completion of the course.  § Degree of Optometrist is awarded after a four years of college followed by four years of professional education at an optometry school in a Doctor of Optometry (OD) program. § An internship or residency training of 1year or more USA is also required for specialty qualification in the field. § Many states in the United States of America prohibit optometrist from practicing as a specialist and they are usually allowed to treat the common eye ailments and prescribe appropriate medication.  § Unified Optometry Profession under ECOO(European Council of Optometry & Optics) § The European Qualification in Optics* has been drawn-up in 2017 and the accreditation process started in 2018. Designed to be at the highest entry level into the optometric profession in any country of Europe Europe § The European Diploma in Optometry* was established in 2000. It is offered by a range of accredited Universities and institutions throughout Europe, allowing students to graduate with the European Diploma in Optometry alongside their degree or diploma. Designed to be the basic entry standard for opticians in Europe  § Role of Optics & Optometry § As Primary care in: § Ageing Population § Diabetic retinopathy Europe § Glaucoma § Macular degenration § Cataract Europe Europe  § Italian government does not legally recognise optometry as a health profession. Italy § Optometric tasks are performed by ophthalmologists and optometry has been declared illegal and not existing since July 2016