Human Biology 116 Unit 2 Practice Exam Questions PDF

Human Biology 116 8. Both sides of the heart can pump to either Unit 2 Practice Exam Questions the systemic circuit or the pulmonary circuit. Hicks...

Human Biology 116 8. Both sides of the heart can pump to either Unit 2 Practice Exam Questions the systemic circuit or the pulmonary circuit. Hicks a. True b. False 1. Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart? 9. The pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-poor a. Arteries blood to the lungs. b. Veins a. True c. Capillaries b. False 2. Which blood vessel carries oxygenated 10. Why does the AV node delay the electrical blood to the systemic circuit? impulse? a. Pulmonary artery a. To allow the ventricles to fully relax b. Pulmonary vein b. To make sure the AV valves have c. Vena cava time to close d. Aorta c. To allow the atria to fully contract e. Pulmonary trunk d. To allow the ventricles to fully contract 3. Which heart chamber receives deoxygenated blood from the body? 11. Blood that gets pumped from the right a. Right atrium ventricle must pass through the b. Right ventricle ______________________ to get to the c. Left atrium pulmonary arteries. d. Left ventricle a. Right AV valve/Tricuspid b. Left AV valve/Bicuspid 4. What is the pacemaker of the heart? c. Pulmonary semilunar valve a. AV node d. Aortic semilunar valve b. SA node c. Purkinje fibers 12. Blood flow through the body occurs in two d. AV bundle circuits. a. True 5. The discharging chambers of the heart are b. False the __________. a. Atria 13. Which heart chamber pumps oxygenated b. Ventricles blood to the whole body in the systemic c. AV valves circuit? d. Chordae tendinae a. Right atrium 6. What is the membranous sac that covers b. Left atrium the heart? c. Right ventricle a. Pericardium d. Left ventricle b. Myocardium c. Endocardium 14. Blood pressure is mainly controlled through d. Pericardial fluid changing contraction and dilation of which type of blood vessel? 7. What is the function of the chordae a. Arteries tendinae? b. Arterioles a. Prevent backflow of blood in the c. Capillaries heart d. Veins b. Carries the electrical impulse to e. Venules the ventricles c. Anchor the semilunar valves to the heart wall 15. Blood flows between the heart and the d. Anchor the AV valves to the heart lungs in which cardiovascular pathway? wall a. Hepatic portal circuit b. Systemic circuit c. Pulmonary circuit 16. What is the function of the coronary 22. What does the QRS complex on an ECG circulation? show? a. Carries the electrical impulse to a. The electrical impulse traveling to the ventricles the atria b. Returns all deoxygenated blood b. The recovery of the ventricles from the body to the right atrium c. The electrical impulse traveling to c. Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the ventricles the myocardium and removes d. The closing of the semilunar valves waste and carbon dioxide d. Regulates the heart beat 23. Which of the following occurs when the ventricles contract? 17. What is the function of the heart valves? a. The AV valves close a. Promote backflow of blood in the b. The semilunar valves open heart c. Blood is pumped into the aorta and b. Transmit nerve impulses to the pulmonary trunk ventricles d. All of the above c. Provide the strength to pump e. Only B and C above blood through the heart d. Receive blood from the lungs 24. Blood flows between the heart and the rest e. Prevent backflow of blood in the of the body in which cardiovascular heart pathway? a. Systemic circuit 18. Gas and material exchange between the b. Pulmonary circuit blood and the body’s cells occurs in the c. Hepatic portal circuit ___________. a. systemic capillary beds 25. What is atherosclerosis? b. pulmonary capillary beds a. A dislodged thrombus c. systemic arterioles b. A stationary blood clot d. pulmonary arterioles c. Thoracic pain caused by blocked arteries 19. In the lungs, carbon dioxide enters the d. The presence of plaques inside the blood and oxygen is released from the lining of blood vessels blood. a. True 26. What is an erythrocyte? b. False a. A white blood cell b. A platelet 20. Which of the following changes would c. A macrophage increase blood pressure? d. A red blood cell a. Thinner blood b. A decrease in heart rate 27. Why is it important to maintain adequate c. A decrease in blood volume blood pressure? d. Contraction of smooth muscle in a. Because a blood pressure gradient arterioles is what causes blood to circulate in e. Relaxation of smooth muscle in the blood vessels arterioles b. Because blood pressure regulates the heart beat 21. The highest pressure against an artery in c. Because the SA node is stimulated the cardiac cycle is the: by normal blood pressure a. Diastole d. Because blood pressure causes the b. Systolic pressure heart muscle to contract c. Diastolic pressure d. Blood pressure 28. What is the normal lifespan of an 35. When blood picks up CO2 in the systemic erythrocyte? tissues, it combines with H2O to form a. 1 year __________. This reaction is catalyzed by b. 12 days the enzyme __________. c. 1 month a. carbaminohemoglobin : carbonic d. 120 days acid b. carbaminohemoglobin : carbonic 29. What is the main role of hemoglobin in the anhydrase blood? c. carbonic anhydrase : carbonic acid a. To bind and transport oxygen d. carbonic acid : carbonic anhydrase b. To clot the blood c. To secrete antibodies 36. Why do mature erythrocytes not contain a d. To bind and transport iron nucleus or organelles? a. To allow more space to produce 30. Which protein is necessary for thickening antibodies the blood and maintaining blood volume? b. To phagocytize bacteria more a. Fibrin efficiently b. Globulins c. To allow more space for c. Albumin hemoglobin d. Fibrinogen d. To allow more space for mitochondria 31. Which type of white blood cell releases histamine to initiate the inflammatory 37. The biconcave disk shape of erythrocytes response and promote blood flow to injured allows them to: tissues? a. Have a large surface area for a. Basophils oxygen and carbon dioxide b. Eosinophils diffusion c. Neutrophils b. Be extremely flexible and deform d. Lymphocytes easily e. Monocytes c. Easily move through capillaries d. All of the above 32. Which protein forms threads that trap red e. B and C only blood cells during clot formation? a. Thrombin 38. Which type of white blood cell is the first- b. Globulin responder to tissue injury and also the most c. Albumin numerous type of phagocyte? d. Keratin a. Neutrophil e. Fibrin b. Basophil c. Eosinophil 33. How is the majority of carbon dioxide d. Monocyte transported in the blood? e. Lymphocyte a. As bicarbonate ions in the erythrocytes 39. What is the role of macrophages? b. Bound to hemoglobin a. Kill virus-infected cells c. As bicarbonate ions in the plasma b. Secrete histamine d. Directly dissolved in the plasma c. Perform phagocytosis in the tissues d. Perform phagocytosis in the blood 34. In hemoglobin, where does O2 bind? vessels a. To the copper in the heme groups e. Secrete antibodies b. To the amino acids of the protein c. To the carbon dioxide bound to hemoglobin d. To the iron in the heme groups 40. Which blood disease is characterized by a. They directly kill infected cells by hemoglobin proteins crystallizing under low releasing perforin enzymes and oxygen conditions, which changes the shape granzyme of erythrocytes? b. They secrete antibodies a. Nutritional anemia c. They secrete cytokines to activate b. Hemophilia other lymphocytes c. Sickle cell anemia d. They s tore information on d. Infectious Mononucleosis previously-encountered pathogens for the immune system 41. What is serum? a. Plasma 48. Adaptive immunity depends on the activity b. The clotting factors of the blood of which leukocytes? c. Plasma without the clotting factors a. Neutrophils and macrophages d. Plasma without albumins b. Basophils and eosinophils c. Natural killer cells and monocytes 42. What is the role of thrombin in the d. B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes formation of a blood clot? a. It activates the formation of 49. Which protein(s) are secreted by virus- fibrinogen infected cells and function to block viral b. It activates the formation of fibrin replication in non-infected cells? c. It forms a platelet plug a. Interferon d. It activates leukocytes b. Hemoglobin c. Complement 43. Blood types are based on the various d. Antigen _________ on the surface of erythrocytes. a. Cholesterol derivatives 50. What is the function of Natural killer cells? b. Antigens a. They secrete antibodies c. Antibodies b. They phagocytize pathogens d. Agglutinations c. They trigger apoptosis of virus- e. Interferons infected cells and tumor cells d. They trigger apoptosis of bacterial 44. In a person with type O blood, what cells antibodies would be found in the plasma? a. Both Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies 51. In the inflammatory response, pathogens b. Anti-A antibodies only are phagocytized by: c. Anti-B antibodies only a. neutrophils and macrophages d. Anti-O antibodies b. histamine e. No antibodies c. basophils d. B cells and T cells 45. A person with type A blood can receive which blood types? 52. The __________ produces hormones that a. Type B promote T cell action and development. b. Type A a. Red bone marrow c. Type O b. Spleen d. Type A and Type O c. Lymph nodes e. Type A and Type B d. Thymus f. Type B and Type O 53. Which lymphatic organ fights against pathogens that you inhale and ingest? 46. What is the liquid medium of the blood? a. Red bone marrow a. Serum b. Spleen b. Formed element c. Lymph nodes c. Albumin d. Thymus d. Plasma e. Tonsils 47. What is the function of cytotoxic T cells? 54. Innate or nonspecific immunity refers to the 60. Most bacteria are single-celled organisms, immune system responses that protect the but some are multicellular. body against any pathogen. a. True a. True b. False b. False 61. Viruses require a host to replicate, so they 55. The skin and mucous membranes are a part are considered: of: a. eukarya a. adaptive immunity b. bacteria b. the physical defenses of innate c. worms immunity d. living organisms c. the inflammatory response of e. obligate intracellular parasites innate immunity d. the chemical defenses of innate 62. How do viruses cause disease? immunity a. They take over cellular functions of infected cells, forcing the cell to 56. What is a pathogen? make more viral particles and a. A parasite release new viruses b. A bacteria or virus b. They kill respiratory cells c. A disease-causing agent c. They invade digestive cells, d. A microbe preventing nutrient absorption d. They produce toxins 57. How do bacteria cause disease? a. Killing macrophages 63. Which of the following is NOT a body fluid b. Preventing materials from cross that HIV spreads in? the cell membrane a. blood c. Production of toxins b. semen d. Hijacking the host cell’s cellular c. vaginal fluids machinery d. breast milk e. rectal fluids 58. The capsule that surrounds some bacteria f. saliva functions to: a. Transfer DNA to other bacteria 64. What is the function of the pyloric b. Attach bacteria to host cells sphincter? c. Store the genetic material a. Controls the passage of chyme d. Cover the cell wall and make the from the esophagus into the bacteria sticky, and hide the stomach bacteria from immune cells b. Controls the passage of chyme from the small intestine into the 59. What is the effect of the toxins produced in colon Tetanus? c. Controls the passage of chyme a. They directly activate muscle cells, from the stomach into the small causing muscle spasms intestine b. They prevent the release of d. Closes off the windpipe during excitatory neurotransmitters from swallowing motor neurons, causing muscle spasms 65. Which of the following is NOT in gastric c. They prevent the release of juice? inhibitory neurotransmitters from a. HCl motor neurons, causing muscle b. Mucus spasms c. Gastric lipase d. They cause muscle cells to die, d. Bile causing muscle rigidity e. Pepsin 66. What is the role of the muscularis layer in 73. Which macromolecules are chemically the GI tract wall? digested in saliva? a. Secretes mucus a. Lipids only b. Covers the outside of the b. Lipids and carbohydrates abdominal organs c. Carbohydrates only c. Movement of food by peristalsis d. Proteins and carbohydrates d. Secretes digestive enzymes 74. Lipase enzymes emulsify fats. 67. Which of the following is NOT a layer of a. True tissue in the walls of the GI tract? b. False a. Mucosa b. Serosa 75. Sugars and amino acids are absorbed into c. Submucosa lacteals. d. Muscularis a. True e. Lumen b. False 76. Where does the majority of chemical 68. What is meant by chemical digestion? digestion and nutrient absorption occur? a. The breakdown of lipids by bile a. Large intestine b. The hydrolysis/breakdown of b. Small intestine macromolecules by digestive c. Liver enzymes d. Stomach c. The mixing of food with digestive e. Pancreas juices d. The breakdown of food into 77. Which digestive organ functions to detoxify smaller particles the blood, store iron and other vitamins, store glycogen, and secretes bile? 69. Which digestive enzyme breaks down a. Small intestine starch? b. Gallbladder a. Pepsin c. Liver b. Amylase d. Pancreas c. Lipase d. Trypsin 78. Which digestive organ secretes digestive enzymes, neutralizes your stomach acid, 70. When you swallow, what prevents food and secretes insulin to regulate your blood from going down into your windpipe glucose levels? (trachea)? a. Small intestine a. Tongue b. Gallbladder b. Uvula c. Liver c. Epiglottis d. Pancreas d. Esophageal sphincters 79. What is the function of the large intestine? 71. Where does chemical digestion of a. Water absorption carbohydrates begin? b. Production and storage of feces a. Stomach c. Absorption of electrolytes, vitamin b. Mouth K and B vitamins c. Esophagus d. All of the above d. Small intestine e. A and B only e. Colon 80. Which structure(s) increase the surface area 72. Chemical digestion of protein begins in the: of the mucosa in the small intestine for a. Stomach increased nutrient absorption? b. Mouth a. Villi and microvilli c. Esophagus b. Lacteals d. Small intestine c. Serosa e. Colon d. Muscularis