Pharmacology II Practical Exercise PDF

COLLEGE OF PHARMACY DOCTOR OF PHARMACY – Pharm. D PHARMACOLOGY – II PRACTICAL EXERCISE STUDENT NAME Batul sultan Hakami COLLEGE ID 2221006645 YEAR / SEMESTER 2nd year of Pharmacy INSTRUCTOR NAME Dr.Bushra riaz 1 LIST OF EXPERIMENTS S. No 1. 2. 3. EXPERIMENT NAME ESTIMATION OF CLOTTING TIME & BLEEDIN...

COLLEGE OF PHARMACY DOCTOR OF PHARMACY – Pharm. D PHARMACOLOGY – II PRACTICAL EXERCISE STUDENT NAME Batul sultan Hakami COLLEGE ID 2221006645 YEAR / SEMESTER 2nd year of Pharmacy INSTRUCTOR NAME Dr.Bushra riaz 1 LIST OF EXPERIMENTS S. No 1. 2. 3. EXPERIMENT NAME ESTIMATION OF CLOTTING TIME & BLEEDING TIME ESTIMATION OF HEMOGLOBIN IN THE LABORATORY SCREENING OF ANALGESIC ACTIVITY – TAIL FLICK METHOD PAGE No. 2-3 4 SCREENING OF ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS 5 5. SCREENING OF ANTIANXIETY ACTIVITY 6 7. 8. 9. 10. SCREENING OF ANTIANXIETY ACTIVITY – HOLE BOARD APPARATUS SCREENING OF ANTIANXIETY ACTIVITY – OPEN FIELD TEST SCREENING OF ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY – FORCED SWIM TEST ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY - RAT PAW EDEMA METHOD SCREENING OF LOCAL ANESTHETIC ACTIVITY AWARDED 1 4. 6. MARKS 7 8 9 10 11 Average marks : 1. ESTIMATION OF CLOTTING TIME & BLEEDING TIME 1. Write the apparatus required for estimating clotting time using the capillary tube method? Apparatus: Ans: _____________________________________________________________________ 1. Sterile disposable pricking needle or lancet. _________________________________________________________________________ 2. Stopwatch 3_._Dry glass capillary tube_(narrow diameter 1top 2mm,minimum10 cm _________________________________________________________________________ long.) 4. Cotton Swab of absorbent cotton. _________________________________________________________________________ 5.Spirit wetted, cotton swab _________________________________________________________________________. 6. 70 % v/v ethyl alcohol 2. What is this endpoint name shown in the figure? ? fibrin thread Ans: _________________________________________________________________________ 3. What is the normal clotting time? Normal value is 3 to 10 minutes Ans: _________________________________________________________________________ 4. As per the duke’s method of bleeding time estimation, what is the normal bleeding time? Ans: ________________________________________________________________________ Normal bleeding time(Duke’s method)it is 4 minutes Date: Instructor Signature : pg. 1 2. ESTIMATION OF HEMOGLOBIN IN THE LABORATORY 1. Each gram of hemoglobin carries how much quantity of oxygen? each gram of haemoglobin can carry 1.34ml of oxygen Ans: __________________________________________________________________ 2. List out the normal values of hemoglobin depending on the age and sex. Ans: Men 13-18 g/dl Women 11-16 g/dl >1 year child 12-15 g/dl < 1 year child 11-13 g/dl 2. List out the methods of hemoglobin estimation. Ans: ________________________________________________________________________ 1-Colorimetric method _____________________________________________________________________________ 2-Gasometric Method or Measurement of O2 carrying capacity of Hb _____________________________________________________________________________ 3-Chemical Method or Measurement of iron content of Hb _____________________________________________________________________________ 4-Specific gravity method 3. From the WHO hemoglobin scale, what is the quantity of hemoglobin based on the color developed on chromatographic paper against a printed scale of paper? 8-11g/dl:mild to moderate anaemia 6-7g/dl: marked anaemia pg. 2 3. What is the name of this apparatus? Text Haemoglbinometer Ans: Salhi’s ____________________________________________________________________ Date: Instructor Signature : pg. 3 3. SCREENING OF ANALGESIC ACTIVITY – TAIL FLICK METHOD 1. List four in vivo methods for screening of analgesic drugs. Ans: _____________________________________________________________________ 1- pain-state models using thermal stimuli 2-pain-state models using mechanical stimuli _________________________________________________________________________ 3-pain-state models using electrical stimuli _________________________________________________________________________ 4-pain-state models using chemical stimuli _________________________________________________________________________ 2. Name this apparatus name. Analgesiometer Ans: ____________________________________________________________________ 3. Define tail-flick latency. withdraw of the tail from the heat source is referred to as tail-flick latency Ans:The _____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________. 4. What is the withdrawal time of the tail in this method? Usually withdrawal time is within 2 to 10s Ans: _____________________________________________________________________ Date: Instructor Signature : pg. 4 4. SCREENING OF ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS 1. Write the different assessment parameters chosen for the screening of antiepileptic activity? Ans: _________________________________________________________________________ 1-Change in the threshold ______________________________________________________________________________ 2- A qualitative change in pattern of the motor seizures 3- changes in the EEG pattern ______________________________________________________________________________ 4- changes in incidence of seizures ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. For which type of epilepsy treatment, the electric shock method is used? Ans: _________________________________________________________________________ Protection against electroshock induced seizures in mice/rats is used as an indication for compounds which may prove effective in grand mal epilepsy 3. What are the different phases of hind limb extensions after the electrical stimulus to the rat? Ans: ________________________________________________________________________ Phase of tonic flexion (1.5sec) ____________________________________________________________________________ Full extension of hind limbs (10sec) Clonic interval (variable) ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Death /recovery (in some animals) 4. What is the name of this apparatus? Ans: ______________________________________________________________________ Electro Convulsometer Date: Instructor Signature : pg. 5 5. SCREENING OF ANTIANXIETY ACTIVITY 1. What is the genetic technology used for screening antianxiety activity? Optogenetics Ans: ______________________________________________________________________ 2. Write the principle involved in the elevated plus maze method? Ans: ______________________________________________________________________ the test is based on the natural aversion of mice for open and elevated areas the test is based on the natural aversion of mice for open and elevated areas As well as natural aversion on their natural spontaneous exploratory behaviour in As well as natural aversion on their natural spontaneous exploratory behaviour in ___________________________________________________________________________ novel environments. novel environments. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________. 3. Write the name of this apparatus and label these parts. elevated plus-maze(EPM)test Apparatus Name: ___________________________________________________________ Label a. ___________________________________________________________________ Closed arms Label b. ___________________________________________________________________ Open arms 4. Write the two evaluation parameters used in the elevated plus maze method? Ans: _____________________________________________________________________ The total entries score and the total distance Date: Instructor Signature : pg. 6 6. SCREENING OF ANTIANXIETY ACTIVITY – HOLE BOARD APPARATUS 1. Illustrate the design of the hole board apparatus. Ans: Size: ___________________________________________________________________ Has a size of 40x40 cm Number of holes in the platform: ___________________________________________ 16 holes Diameter of each hole: ____________________________________________________ Diameter of 3 cm 2. What is the critical assessment parameter of this method? Ans: Poking _____________________________________________________________________ the nose into a hole is typical behaviour of mice indicating a certain degree of curiosity. 3. Write the three behavioral parameters evaluated in this method? Ans: ____________________________________________________________________ 1- enter a new area _________________________________________________________________________ 2-head - dip _________________________________________________________________________ 3-rear Date: Instructor Signature : pg. 7 7. SCREENING OF ANTIANXIETY ACTIVITY – OPEN FIELD TEST 1. What are the six behavioral patterns of the animal observed during the screening activity performed by the open field apparatus? Ans: _________________________________________________________________________ 5-Rearing 1-line 1-linecrossing crossing 6- defecation and urination 2-centre 2-Centersquare squareentries entries _____________________________________________________________________________ 3-Center square duration _____________________________________________________________________________ 3-centre 4-stretchsquare attendduration posture 4-stretch attend Lou _____________________________________________________________________________. 2. What is the duration of the test performed by this method? Ans: ________________________________________________________________________ 5 minutes 3. Name this instrument. Ans:_______________________________________________________________________ Open-field test Date: Instructor Signature : pg. 8 8. SCREENING OF ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY – FORCED SWIM TEST 1. What are the three behavioral parameters observed in this image? a b c Ans: Swimming a. _________________________________________________________________________ b. _________________________________________________________________________ Struggling c. _________________________________________________________________________ Floating 2. The forced swim test is based on _____________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ The observation that animals develop an immobile posture in an inescapable Cylinder filled with water ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Date: Instructor Signature : pg. 9 9. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY - RAT PAW EDEMA METHOD 1. Name the chemical used in the experiment for inducing edema in the rat paw. Ans: ______________________________________________________________________ Carrageenan (1% 0.1 ml sc) 2. What is the parameter evaluated in this method? Ans: ________________________________________________________________________ Paw volume up to the ankle joint is measured in treated and untreated groups Before and After carrageenan ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3. What is the name of positive control used to treat inflammation? ? Ans: ____________________________________________________________________ Indomethacin Date: Instructor Signature : pg. 10 10. SCREENING OF LOCAL ANESTHETIC ACTIVITY 1. Name the anesthetic drug used in the corneal method of screening local anesthetic activity. Ans: ________________________________________________________________________ Lidocaine 1% 2. What is the main response measured in the corneal method? Ans: ________________________________________________________________________ Blinking of the eye Date: Instructor Signature : pg. 11