Analyzing The Data PDF

Practical Research 1 Quarter 2 - Analyzing The Meaning of The Data and Drawing Conclusion Learning Objectives After studying this chapter, you are expected to: infer and explain patterns and themes from data (CS_RS11- IVd-f-2), and relate the findings to pertinent literature (CS_RS11- IVd-f-...

Practical Research 1 Quarter 2 - Analyzing The Meaning of The Data and Drawing Conclusion Learning Objectives After studying this chapter, you are expected to: infer and explain patterns and themes from data (CS_RS11- IVd-f-2), and relate the findings to pertinent literature (CS_RS11- IVd-f-3).  LESSON 1: INFER PATTERNS AND THEMES FROM THE GATHERED DATA  THE PATTERN, THEME, and CODE  A code in qualitative inquiry is most often a word phrase that symbolically defines a summative, salient, essence-capturing, and/or evocative attribute for a portion of language-based or visual data. This data can be composed of interview transcripts, participant observation field notes, journals, documents, literature, artifacts, photographs, videos, websites, e-mail, and correspondence.  THE PATTERN, THEME, and CODE  A pattern is something that happens in a regular and repeated way. A theme is generated when similar issues and ideas expressed by participants within qualitative data are brought together by the researcher into a single category or cluster.  There are two strategies on how to infer data. These are thematic analysis and qualitative data analysis/content analysis (QDA). But we will focus on thematic analysis.  THEMATIC ANALYSIS CONTENT ANALYSIS It is a foundational qualitative data qualitative research method, is a analysis method that involves systematic and objective means of identifying, analyzing, and describing and quantifying interpreting patterns of meaning or phenomena, especially in textual 'themes' within qualitative data. It's a data. It involves the direct flexible and useful research tool that examination of communication in its can provide a rich and detailed yet various forms, such as written text, complex account of data. A defining speech, images, or even symbolic feature of thematic analysis is its matter. ability to highlight similarities and differences across a data set. One of the key strengths of thematic primarily focused on the presence, analysis is its flexibility meanings, and relationships of certain words, themes, or concepts within the research material. It's ideal for exploring diverse Its most significant characteristic is participant perspectives and its systematic nature.  There are 6 steps in THEMATIC ANALYSIS. We will discuss this in detail in each step. 1.Familiarization with the data: This phase involves reading and re-reading the data, to become immersed and intimately familiar with its content.  There are 6 steps in THEMATIC ANALYSIS. We will discuss this in detail in each step. 2. Coding - this phase involves generating succinct labels (codes) that identify important data features relevant to answering the research question. It involves coding the entire data set, and after that, collating all the codes and all applicable data extracts, together for later stages of analysis. There are 6 steps in THEMATIC ANALYSIS. We will discuss this in detail in each step. 3. Searching for Themes. This phase involves examining the codes and collated data to identify significant broader patterns of meaning (potential themes). It then involves collating data relevant to each candidate theme, so that you can work with the data and review the viability of each candidate theme. There are 6 steps in THEMATIC ANALYSIS. We will discuss this in detail in each step. 4. Reviewing themes. This phase involves checking the candidate themes against the data set, to determine if they tell a convincing story of the data and one that answers the research question. In this phase, themes are typically refined, which sometimes involves them being split, combined, or discarded. There are 6 steps in THEMATIC ANALYSIS. We will discuss this in detail in each step. 5. Defining and naming themes. This phase involves developing a detailed analysis of each theme, working out the scope and focus of each theme, and determining the “story” of each. It also involves deciding on an informative name for each theme. There are 6 steps in THEMATIC ANALYSIS. We will discuss this in detail in each step. 6. Writing Up. This final phase involves weaving together the analytic narrative data and extracts and contextualizing the analysis concerning existing literature.  There are 6 steps in THEMATIC ANALYSIS. 1. Familiarization with the data 2. Coding 3. Searching for Themes 4. Reviewing themes 5. Defining and naming themes 6. Writing Up ANALYZING THE DATA For most researchers, this is the heaviest task, but it is the most fulfilling. Qualitative data analysis is an ongoing and cyclical process which includes identification, examination, and interpretation of certain patterns and themes in the data. It determines how these patterns and themes help answer the research questions.  This part will guide you on how to make this task easy. Below are the processes for doing a qualitative analysis. 1. Know your data. Reread your written observations, relisten the audio-recorded interviews, or rewatch the movie or clip.  This part will guide you on how to make this task easy. Below are the processes for doing a qualitative analysis. 2. Focus your analysis. Focus on consistent and or varied responses. For example: your research question is, “Why are some high school students sometimes late for school?” Common responses would be school’s distance, waking up late, tons of chores before going to school, sleeping late, etcetera.  This part will guide you on how to make this task easy. Below are the processes for doing a qualitative analysis. 3. Do coding. Always consult your research questions or you might end up coding unnecessary information. Coding is simply categorizing the data and reducing them.  This part will guide you on how to make this task easy. Below are the processes for doing a qualitative analysis. 4. Clean your data. Go through your data once more if there are data errors. 5. Identify meaningful patterns and themes. Identifying meaningful patterns and themes is the heart and soul of the entire qualitative data analysis. In this stage, you can look at the data  This part will guide you on how to make this task easy. Below are the processes for doing a qualitative analysis. 6. Interpret your data. After analyzing, coding, and organizing the data, and identifying the patterns and themes, you are now ready to interpret your data. In interpreting the data, you will synthesize your tables into a paragraph. PROCESSES FOR DOING A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS 1.Know your data 2.Focus your analysis 3.Do coding 4.Clean your data 5.Identify meaningful patterns and themes 6.Interpret your data  LESSON 2: RELATING THE FINDINGS TO THE RELEVANT LITERATURE Concluding qualitative research needs the researcher to recall more thoroughly the problem statement, objectives, and results and findings of your analysis and how they connect and organize together. The aim is to integrate them to come up with a comprehensive, logical, and smart answer or explanation to the research question. Research conclusion has its important roles and purpose in a research study. These are commonly elaborated as the following: a) It stresses the importance of the thesis statement, b) it gives the written work a sense of completeness, c) It leaves a final impression on the readers and demonstrates good organization. Conclusions are inferences, deductions, abstractions, implications, interpretations, general statements and/or generalizations based on the findings. It should appropriately answer the specific questions raised at the beginning of the investigation in the order that they are given under the statement of the problem. When concluding qualitative research, it should be drawn from the patterns and themes. Patterns and themes that were extracted from real-life experiences. In VanManen’s point of view, conclusions can be best illustrated in literary works such as poems, quotes, and/ or songs, as they convey emotions by using metaphors. Through metaphor, results can go beyond a descriptive synthesis of data.  Strategies or tips for writing conclusions: 1. Write in a manner that is comfortable to you and edit while writing. 2. Write to be understood. Do not write to impress or to sound smart. Avoid highfalutin words to replace the common but clearer ones. 3. Write from an objective distance. Remember that you are writing a formal academic paper. 4. Write in a fresh new style. In concluding your qualitative research, you are supposed to present new knowledge after all. 5. Conclusions should be formulated concisely, that is, brief and short, yet they convey a meaningful and logical argument. It is important that conclusions have a conceptual significance and can imply, indicate, or chart future research directions.