Circuits PPT PDF

 Electricity Electricity can be made in a variety of ways, for example: Burning fossil fuels Using wind power (oil, gas, coal) at generated by wind...

 Electricity Electricity can be made in a variety of ways, for example: Burning fossil fuels Using wind power (oil, gas, coal) at generated by wind power stations turbines Using water power Using solar power (sometimes called generated by the sun hydropower) generated by running or falling water. Electricity is transported to our homes, schools and places of work through wires and cables.  Circuits Electrical circuits are built from many different components. These components perform different functions. Some electrical components include: cells, bulbs, motors, buzzers and wires. A cells converts chemical energy into electrical energy by a chemical reaction. Usually the chemicals are kept inside the cell. It is used in a circuit to power other components. A cell produces + direct current (DC) electricity (electricity that flows in one direction, and does not switch back and forth)  Circuits Lamps are commonly called light bulbs. An electric lamp encloses a thin metal filament that emits light (and heat) when an electric current is passed through it. This filament is covered by a glass bulb containing a gas, such as argon or nitrogen. On Off  Circuits An electrical switch is used to interrupt the flow of electrons in a circuit. Switches are either completely on (closed) or completely off (open). Then the switch is closes electricity is able to flow around the circuit. Open – no electricity can flow Closed – electricity can flow  Circuits A wire is a long thin piece of metal that is used to carry electric current. Most wires often has an inner core made of a material that conduct electricity and an outer coating that is an insulator, often rubber.  Circuits The motor in a machine is the part that uses electricity or fuel to produce movement. E.g. it converts electrical power into mechanical power. M A buzzer is an electrical device that creates a buzzing sound when electricity passes through it.  Circuits Voltage: is the difference in electrical A voltmeter is an instrument used for energy between two parts of a circuit. measuring electrical potential It can be measured using a volt meter difference between two points in an and is measured in volts. The bigger electric circuit. the voltage, the bigger the current. Large electrical items need a higher electrical voltage and current than smaller items V Current: this is the amount of An ammeter (from Ampere Meter) is electricity flowing through the circuit a measuring instrument used to (basically a flow of electrons moving measure the current in a circuit. in a loop in the circuit). It can be Electric currents are measured in measured using an ammeter and amperes (A), hence the name. measured in amps. A Match the symbol to the image M + The electrons have The electrons flow up the wire now travelled a inside the bulb and across the complete circuit. filament. Here the some of the electrical energy changes to Without a complete heat and light energy. circuit the electrons cannot flow. The then continue to the positive side of the battery. The electrons continue down another small wire inside the bulb and to the conductive side of the bulb. Here we can see the electrons moving from the A circuit is a route negative side of the in which electrical battery towards the current can flow. base of the bulb.  Series Circuit If a bulb is removed the circuit will be broken, as the 1 stop flowing. The 2 flows the same, from one component to another. When you plug in that second, third bulb, they will become equally dim. More resistance has been added to the circuit, which decreases the flow of 2 , as the battery has more work to do. Rank these circuits; starting with the brightest bulb and ending with the dullest bulb. Give reasons for your answer.  3 In a circuit the bulbs will remain bright, but it 3 Circuit Components connected in 3 are will drain the battery power connected along quicker. multiple paths so that the current can split up; the same 4 is applied to each component. If a bulb is removed the electrons will continue to flow, as each bulb has its own 5.