Caraga State University The Sexual Self and Family Planning PDF

Caraga state university Ampayon, Butuan City 8600, Philippines URL: www.carsu.edu.ph  Objectives At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to: recognize the sexual aspect of self; gain basic understanding about family planning methods ; and appreciate the practice of responsi...

Caraga state university Ampayon, Butuan City 8600, Philippines URL: www.carsu.edu.ph  Objectives At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to: recognize the sexual aspect of self; gain basic understanding about family planning methods ; and appreciate the practice of responsible sexual behavior.  What is Sexual Self ❖ Sexual self or sexual self-concept refers to the totality of oneself as a sexual being, including positive and negative concepts and feelings (Brenner, 2019).  Human Sexuality ❖Sexuality is one of the fundamental drives behind everyone’s feelings, thoughts, and behaviors (Locas and Fox, 2019). ❖Understanding one’s sexuality encompasses the ways a person expresses personality in the areas of sexual attraction, intimacy, and physical sexual activity. It goes beyond the physical sexual development, and highlights three important components -Sex, Gender, and Sexual Orientation.  Sex, Gender and Sexual Orientation ❖Sex is defined as being male or female, determined biologically upon fertilization. ❖Gender is the psychological sense of being male or female under social, cultural, and/or personal norms. ❖Sexual orientation refers to the preference of a person for a romantic and sexual relationship.  History ✓Richard Von Krafft-Ebing studied variations and deviations of human sexual behavior. ✓Henry Havelock Ellis, an English physician, was the first to extensively study the role of social and cultural factors of human sexual behavior and homosexuality. ✓Alfred C. Kinsey became a known figure in his researches about human sexual behaviors and activities.  Biological and Psychological Features of Sexuality ✓The reproductive system ensures survival and the preservation of human species. ✓The reproductive system is different from other body systems in that a person has the choice not to use it to its full capacity—to procreate thus individuals can decide not to reproduce (Encyclopedia.com, 2019).  Functions of the Reproductive System ✓ to produce hormones ✓ to produce egg and sperm cells ✓ to nurture the developing offspring ✓ to transport and sustain these cells  Parts of the Female Reproductive System Figure 8.1 The Internal Parts of Female Figure 8.2 The External Parts of the Female Reproductive System Reproductive System Source: Department of Health, FPCBT Handbook Source: Department of Health, FPCBT Handbook Parts of the Female Reproductive System Figure 8.3 The Parts of the Male Reproductive System Source: Department of Health, FPCBT Handbook  Fertility Fertility refers to the capability to produce offsprings.  Fertility Among females, fertility means the possibility of getting pregnant when a sperm fertilizes a mature ovum during sexual intercourse. The female fertility begins in puberty (age 9-12) during menarche and ends upon menopause. During puberty, a man is said to be fertile through “wet dreams”. This signifies his capacity to fertilize a woman’s mature egg during sexual intercourse.  Fertility: Interesting Facts ✓A man remains fertile through lifetime. ✓The sperm can live inside the woman’s body from 3 to 5 days. ✓ An egg may be fertilized for up to 24 hours (one day) after it is released ✓If pregnancy does not take place, menstruation will occur in about two weeks after the egg leaves the ovary.  Human Sexual Behavior Two types of sexual behavior: ✓Human sexual behavior refers to a broad range of ✓Solitary behavior is a practice of behaviors in which self-stimulation until sexual humans display their arousal to sexual climax is met. sexuality It is a self-gratification act that starts in puberty and is common among males and unmarried. ✓ Sociosexual activity involves two or more persons heterosexually or homosexually.  Erogenous Zones ✓Erogenous zones are parts of the human body that are sensitive to any kind of physical touch, not just sexually as these zones have a rich array of nerve receptors. ✓ However, the interpretation given to the touch is important for it to cause sexual arousal. ✓Among the known erogenous zones are the mouth, anus, genitals, breasts, neck, and ears.  The Phases of Sexual Response 1. Excitement phase 2. Plateau phase 3. Orgasm 4. Resolution phase  Sexually Transmitted Diseases ✓The term sexually transmitted disease (STD), formerly called venereal diseases, refers to conditions caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites spread through sexual contact and other means such as sharing needles and breastfeeding ✓Among the common STDs are syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, pubic lice, genital herpes, genital warts, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), human papillomavirus, chancroid, herpes simplex virus, trichomonas vaginalis.  Sexually Transmitted Diseases STD Description Syphilis This is caused by a bacterium spirochete called Treponema pallidum and is characterized by one or more ulcerative lesions (e.g., chancre) which occurs in stages. Primary and secondary syphilis can be treated with antibiotics; however, if left untreated may progress to the tertiary stage with serious complications involving major body organs. Chancroid This is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Haemophilus ducreyi. Symptoms include painful genital ulceration and inflammatory or enlargement of lymph nodes. Contagious but curable. Chlamydia Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis may show no symptoms until after a trachomatis long time. Men often experience a burning sensation during urination and Infection pus coming out from the penis. Women may be asymptomatic; however, they may have burning and itching of the vagina in some.  Sexually Transmitted Diseases STD Description Genital This is an infection caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) characterized Warts by the presence of visible, small, hard growths or bumps on the internal or external genitalia or anal area. This infection may not be dangerous but are associated with cervical cancer. Genital This is among the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases Herpes characterized by small, painful lesions in the genital area caused by the herpes simplex virus Gonorrhea This is a bacterial infection commonly manifested by the discharge of pus from the penis, painful urination, yellow-green vaginal discharge in its early stages.  Sexually Transmitted Diseases STD Description Acquired According to the Department of Health, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Immune Deficiency Syndrome is the appearance of clinical manifestation of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV infection). In this state, the person is prone to infections of unlimited extents and possibilities. Infections may have different presentation and severity. This can be transmitted through blood, semen, breast milk, and vaginal fluids.  FACTS ✓unprotected sexual intercourse may have contributed to the report that 62 out of 100 reported cases of STIs and 29 out of 100 cases of HIV involved young people (DOH, 2010). ✓From January to March 2020, there were 2,818 newly confirmed HIV-positive individuals reported to the HIV/ AIDS & ART Registry of the Philippines (HARP) ✓Ninety-four percent (2,658) of the newly diagnosed were male. The median age was 28 years old (age range: 1-78 years old). Almost half of the cases (48%, 1,359) were 25-34 years old and 30% (834) were 15-24 years old at the time of diagnosis. Source: https://doh.gov.ph/sites/default/files/statistics/EB_HARP_Jan-Mar_AIDSreg2020.pdf  ISSUES CONFRONTING THE FILIPINO YOUTH ✓Unplanned pregnancies, abortion, and sexually transmitted infections including HIVs confront the Filipino Adolescents. ✓27% of young women ages 15-24 have begun childbearing. ✓Thirty-three percent (33%) of the estimated 400,000 cases of abortions in the Philippines per year are contributed by teens (DOH, 2010).  Responsible Sexual Behavior ✓ Contraceptives are safe for the use of young people, but it is still best to practice ABSTINENCE until they reach the proper age to start a family (DOH Handbook, 2010) ✓ Engaging in sexual intercourse is essential to the survival of the human species, but it is not essential to the survival of any specific person (Hockenbury, 2011). ✓ Across cultures, marriage represents the most socially accepted, legitimate context for sexual intercourse (Encyclopedia.com, 2019).  Methods of Contraception 1. Natural Methods 2. Artificial Methods Note: It is advisable to consult a health care provider for the proper and appropriate use of Artificial Contraceptives.  Natural Method of Contraception 1. FERTILITY AWARENESS-BASED METHODS. This involves the determination of the fertile and infertile periods of a woman within the menstrual cycle. The effectiveness of all FAB Methods is above 95% effective if properly used or executed. Specifically these are among the FAB contraceptives: ✓ Cervical Mucus/Billings Ovulation Method (CMM/BOM) ✓ Basal Body Temperature (BBT) ✓ Sympto-Thermal Method (STM ✓ Standard Days Method (SDM) 2. THE LACTATIONAL AMENORRHEA METHOD (LAM). During breastfeeding, when the infant sucks the nipple, nerve impulses are sent to the mother’s hypothalamus, which responds by changing the production of the pituitary hormones.  Artificial Method of Contraception 1. HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS ( the use of pills). It prevents ovulation by suppressing follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Cervical mucus thickened, making it difficult for sperm to pass through. 2. MALE CONDOM.. A barrier method that mechanically or chemically prevent fertilization or the union of the egg and sperm cell. It is the only method in the Philippines that also protects the person form sexually-transmitted infections (STIs).  Artificial Method of Contraception 3. LONG-ACTING AND PERMANENT METHODS ✓ Copper-bearing IUDs ✓ Bilateral tubal ligation (BTL)  References Online Hussain R and Finer LB, Unintended pregnancy and unsafe abortion in the Philippines: context and consequences, In Brief, New York: Guttmacher Institute, 2013, No. 3. Retrieved December 30, 2019 from Gebhard, Paul Henry.2019.” Human sexual activity”. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved December 30, 2019 from https://www.britannica.com/topic/human-sexual-activity Grant Hilary Brenner, M.D. 2017.How Our Sexual Self-Image Influences Attachments. Psychology Today. Retrieved December 29, 2019 from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/experimentations/201712/how-our-sexual-self-image-influences-attachments 4. Lucas, D. & Fox, J. (2019). The psychology of human sexuality. In R. Biswas-Diener & E. Diener (Eds), Noba textbook series: Psychology. Champaign, IL: DEF publishers. Retrieved from http://noba.to/9gsqhd6v Lactational Amenorhea Method LAM.Contraceptive Technology and Reproductive Health Series. Retrieved January 2, 2020 from https://www.fhi360.org/sites/default/files/webpages/Modules/LAM/goals.htm  References "Marital Sex." International Encyclopedia of Marriage and Family.. Retrieved January 01, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/reference/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/marital-sex Module 2: Human Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology | Participant’s Handbook. Family Planning Competency-Based Training Retrieved December 30, 2019 from https://www.doh.gov.ph/sites/default/files/publications/FPCBT_Level_1_for_participants.pdf Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) and ICF. 2018. Key Findings from the Philippines National Demographic and Health Survey 2017. Quezon City, Philippines, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: PSA and ICF. Retrieved December 31, 2019 from https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2017%20PHILIPPINES%20NDHS%20KEY%20FINDINGS_092518.pdf “Reproductive System”.SEER Training Modules. U. S. National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute. Retrieved December 29, 2019 from. Sexual Behavior. (n.d.). Alleydog.com's online glossary. Retrieved from: https://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Sexual+Behavior “STD Surveillance Case Definitions 2018”.Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved December 30, 2019 from https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats18/appendix-c.htm "Reproductive System." The Gale Encyclopedia of Science. Retrieved December 28, 2019 from https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/reproductive-system-0 Vista, Emmerson.2018.Updates on Sexually Transmitted Infections in the Philippines. Retrieved December 30, 2019 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328929338_Updates_on_Sexually_Transmitted_Infections_in_the_Philippines/citation/download “What is prostate gland”. Medical News Today. Retrieved December 30, 2019 from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319859.php  References Books 1. Alata, Eden Joy P. et al. (2018). Understanding the Self (5th ed). Manila. Rex Bookstore 2. Ariola, Mariano M. (2012).Sociology and Anthropology with Family Planning. Purely Books Trading and Publishing Corp. 3. Lahey, Benjamin B. (2007). Psychology An Introduction (9th ed.). Mcgraw- Hill Companies Inc. 4. Hockenbury, D. Hockenbury, S. (2011). Discovering Psychology(5th ed.). Worth Publishers. 5. Feldman, Robert S. (2011).Understanding Psychology (10th ed.). Mcgraw-Hill. Module 1. Commission on Population (2008). Learning Package on Parent Education on Adolescent Health and Development Module 3 Knowing and Understanding My Adolescent. Philippines.