The Political Self and Being a Filipino PDF

The Political Self and being a Filipino “Man is by nature a political animal” Aristotle  01 Who is a leader? Leadership is a process whereby an individual, or clique, is able to influence others to internalize a collective vision and mobilize them toward attaining tha...

The Political Self and being a Filipino “Man is by nature a political animal” Aristotle  01 Who is a leader? Leadership is a process whereby an individual, or clique, is able to influence others to internalize a collective vision and mobilize them toward attaining that vision.  How are we influenced? Normative influence – a conformity based on one’s desire to fulfill other’s expectations and gain acceptance. Informational influence – is a conformity under acceptance of evidence about reality which has been provided by others  McClelland’s Human Motivation Theory Dominant Motivator Characteristics of this Person Achievement Has strong need to set and accomplish challenging goals Takes calculated risks to accomplish their goals Likes to receive regular feedback on their progress and achievements Often likes to work alone Affiliation Wants to belong to the group Wants to be liked, and will often go along with whatever the rest of the groups wants to do Favors collaboration over competition Does not like high risk or uncertainty Power Wants to control and influence others Likes to win arguments Enjoys competition and winning Enjoys status and recognition  Types of Leaders According to Path Goal Theory Supportive The leader makes work pleasant for the workers by showing concern for them and by being friendly and approachable. It is most effective in situations in which tasks and relationships are physically or psychologically challenging. Directive The leader informs her followers on what is expected of them, such as telling them what to do, how to perform a task, and scheduling and coordinating work. It is most effective when people are unsure about the task or when there is a lot of uncertainty within the environment. Participative The leader consults with his followers before making a decision on how to proceed. It is most effective when subordinates are highly trained and involved in their work. Achievement The leader sets challenging goals for her followers, expects them to perform at their highest level, and shows confidence in their ability to meet this expectation. It is most effective in professional work environments, such as technical, scientific; or achievement environments, such as sales.  02 Who is a Filipino? You know you are Filipino when...  03 Filipino Values from the Perspective of Sikolohiyang Pilipino  “Bahala na” “Bathala na” Not “fatalism” but “determination and risk-taking” (Lagmay, 1977) “Bahala na” is mostly elicited when: a. Situation is uncertain b. when one lacks resources in responding the problem c. When someone is in a serious or delicate situation d. When someone wants to test his/her limits, strengths, and weaknesses.  Hiya ‘‘the uncomfortable feeling that accompanies awareness of being in a socially unacceptable position, or performing a socially unacceptable action.’’ (Lynch, 1961) ‘‘an ingredient in why Filipinos overspend during fiestas in order to please their visitors, even to the extent of going into debt’’ (Andres, 1994) Hiya is not shame but a sense of propriety  Utang na Loob “debt of gratitude” (Kaut, 1961) ‘the principle of reciprocity incurred when an individual helps another. The person helped then feels an obligation to repay the debt in the future when the helper himself is in need of aid, or he may repay his debt by sending gifts. It is often not clear when a debt has been fully paid, so that the relationship becomes an ongoing one.’’ (Andres, 1994) Utang na loob actually means “gratitude/solidarity”  Kapwa Heart and structure of Filipino values “pakikipagkapwa” – treating the other person as kapwa or fellow human being Two (2) categories: a. Ibang-tao – outsiders (pakikitungo, pakikisalamuha, pakikilahok, pakikibagay, pakikisama) b. Hindi-Ibang tao (pakikipagpalagayang-loob, pakikisangkot, pakikipagkaisa)