Pocket-Book Thermodynamics Past Paper PDF

## STRENGTH OF MATERIALS ### Supplementary Questions **7-38** * **Shear area method** * **Superposition method** * Strain energy method * Moment area method **307.** The virtual work method (also known as the unit load method and the Hardy Cross method) is * **Extension of the strain e...

## STRENGTH OF MATERIALS ### Supplementary Questions **7-38** * **Shear area method** * **Superposition method** * Strain energy method * Moment area method **307.** The virtual work method (also known as the unit load method and the Hardy Cross method) is * **Extension of the strain energy method** * Moment energy method * Shear energy method * None of the above **308.** Beams can fail in different ways, including * Excessive deflection * Local buckling * Lateral buckling and rotation. * **All of the above** **309.** Occurs when a beam bends more than a permitted amount * **Excessive deflection** * Local buckling * Lateral buckling * Rotation **310.** Excessive deflection is elastic and no yielding occurs. For this reason, the failure mechanism is sometimes called * **Elastic failure** * Beam failure * Cross failure * Local failure **311.** The beam does not yield, the excessive deflection may cause * Crack in plaster and sheetrock * Misalignment of doors and windows * Occupant concern and lack of confidence in the structure * **All of the above** **312.** An overload that occurs near large concentrated loads * Excessive deflection * **Local buckling** * Lateral buckling * Rotation **313.** Two types of local buckling: * **Both A and C** * Vertical buckling * Web crippling * None of the above **314.** Occurs when a long, unsupported member rolls out of its normal plane. * Excessive deflection * Local buckling * **Lateral buckling** * Rotation ## THERMODYNAMICS ### Supplementary Questions **8-1** 1. The thermodynamic process with flexible boundaries in which W = -Ek is * Adiabatic expansion * Isometric compression * Isothermal expansion * **Isentropic expansion** 2. The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one Ib of that substance one degree Fahrenheit is: * Specific heat * **Btu** * Latent heat * Relative heat 3. What is the most efficient thermodynamic cycle? * **Carnot** * Diesel * Rankine * Brayton 4. What do you call the weight of the column of air above the earth's surface? * Air pressure * Aerostatic pressure * Wind pressure * **Atmospheric pressure** 5. One day a Celsius thermometer and a Fahrenheit thermometer registered exactly the same numerical value for the temperature. What was the temperature of that day? * 35 * -36 * **-40** * 40 6. Name the process that is no heat loss or gain and no friction loss. * **Isentropic process** * Isothermal process * Adiabatic * Non-reversible 7. The instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure is: * Rotameter * Manometer * Venture * **Barometer** 8. The temperature of a fluid flowing under pressure through a pipe is usually measured by * Glass thermometer. * Electric-resistance thermometer * Thermocouple * **All of the above** **8-2** 9. Which of the following measures the flow rate of a liquid or gas? * **Rotameter** * Hygrometer * Humeter * Tachometer 10. The thermodynamic process with flexible boundaries in which AQ = 0 is * Polytropic * Isothermal * Isometric * **Isentropic** 11. The state of any vapor whose pressure exceeds that at which condensation occurs at the prevailing temperature: * Saturation * **Supersaturation** * Critical * Mixture 12. One slug is equal to: * 9.81 lb * 9.81 kg * **32.174 lbs** * 32.174 kg 13. Pressure drops cause the saturation temperature of a fluid to: * Increase * **Decrease** * Remain the same * None of these 14. Pyrometer cone measures temperature based on its * Thermal conductivity * **Melting point** * Coefficient of thermal expansion * Thermal diffusivity 15. At absolute zero, the entropy of a pure substance, in equilibrium at 0°R, in some perfect crystalline form becomes zero. * First law of thermodynamics * **Third law of thermodynamics** * Second law of thermodynamics * Fourth law of thermodynamics 16. The changing of solid directly to vapor, without passing through the liquid state, is called: * Evaporation * Vaporization * **Sublimation** * Condensation 17. The ratio of space volume of rock to the total volume * Permeable factor * **Porosity** * Bulk density * Bulk modulus **8-3** 18. As liquid changes its state to solid, the entropy will: * **Decrease** * Increase * Remains the same * None of these 19. In the process PV = C, what is the actual process when in is equal to one for the polytropic constant? * Isometric * **Isothermal** * Isobaric * Isentropic 20. The changing of solid directly to vapor without passing through the liquid state is called: * Evaporation * Vaporization * **Sublimation** * Condensation 21. At the same pressure and temperature, equal volumes of all gases contain equal number of molecules, this is known as: * Faraday's law * Boyle's law * Leris law * **Avogadro's law ** 22. Heat required to change solid to liquid and vise versa * **Latent heat of fusion** * Latent heat of vaporization * Latent heat of fission * Sensible heat 23. It is the maximum amount of useful work that can be obtained as a system undergoes a process between the specified initial and final states. * **Reversible work** * Adiabatic work * Irreversible work * Carnot work 24. When c = specific heat, m = mass and T = temperature difference, what is the heat Q? * **Q = mcT** * Qm/cT * Q = m/cT * QmT/c 25. Is the enthalpy of a substance at a specified state due to its chemical composition. * **Enthalpy of formation** * Enthalpy of reaction * Enthalpy of combustion * Enthalpy of configuration 26. For constant internal energy, what type of compression is: * Isentropic * Isobaric * Isodynamic * **Constant internal energy compression** **8-4** 27. For a hot tea in the glass, the heat lost by tea equal to the heat absorbed by air. What law of thermodynamics involved? * **First law** * Second law * Third law * Zeroth law 28. Absolute zero temperature can be calculated as: * 460°F above 32 * 460°F above 0 * **460°F below 0** * 460°F below 32 29. Enthalpy is: * U-PV * U/PV * U(PV) * **U + PV** 30. What type of flow when Reynolds number is above 4000? * **Turbulent flow** * Laminar flow * Critical flow * Supercritical flow 31. When the mass flow is constant in a control volume, the flow is said to be: * Uniform flow * Non-uniform flow * **Steady flow** * Unsteady flow 32. In polytropic process PVn, if n approaches infinity, the process is: * Isobaric process * **Isochoric process** * Isentropic process * Isothermal process. 33. A manometer is an instrument that is used to measure: * **air pressure** * heat radiation * condensate water level * air volume 34. What should be the temperature of both the water and steam. whenever they are present together? * saturation temperature for the existing pressure * * boiling point of water at 101.325 kPa * superheated temperature * one hundred degree centigrade 35. The law that states entropy of all perfect crystalline solids is zero at absolute at absolute zero temperature. * Newton Law * **Third Law of Thermodynamics** * First Law of Thermodynamics * Second Law of Thermodynamics 36. How do you describe a non-flow process where in the volume remains constant? * **isometric** * isentropic * isobaric * isenthalpic **8-5** 37. Mathematically, a thermodynamic property is which of the following? * **a point function** * discontinuous * a path function * exact differential 38. Specific heat capacity is an Sl derived unit described as as: * J/kg * W/m°K * J/m³ * **J/kg°K** 39. The temperature of the fluid flowing under pressure through a pipe is usually measured by: * glass thermometer * electric-resistance thermometer * thermocouple * **all of the above** 40. The instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure is: * rotameter * manometer * venturi * **barometer** 41. What occurs in a reversible polytropic process? * enthalpy remains constant * **some heat transfer occurs** * internal energy does not change * Entropy remains constant 42. A temperature above which a given gas cannot be liquified: * cryogenic temperature * absolute temperature * vaporization temperature * **critical temperature** 43. What condition exists in an adiabatic throttling process? * enthalpy is variable * **enthalpy is constant ** * entropy is constant * specific volume is constant 44. The specific gravity of a substance is the ratio of its density to the density of: * mercury * gas * air * **water** 45. What do you call the weight of the column of air above the earth's surface? * air pressure * aerostatic pressure * wind pressure * **atmospheric pressure** **8-6** 46. What is the force required to accelerate a mass of 1 gram at a rate of 1 cm/sec/sec? * **dyne** * poundal * slug * kg force 47. Gas being heated at constant volume is undergoing the process of: * isotropic * adaibatic * **isometric** * isobaric 48. An instrument commonly used in most Research and Engineering Laboratories because it is small and fast among the other thermometers: * mercury thermometer * liquid-in-gas thermometer * gas thermometer * **thermocouple** 49. What is the most efficient thermodynamics cycle? * **carnot** * diesel * rankine * brayton 50. What is referred by volume control? * an isolated system * **closed system** * fixed region in space * reversible process only 51. Assuming real process, the net entropy change in the universe is: * must be calculated * equal to zero * negative * **positive** 52. The work done in an adiabatic process in a system: * is equal to the change in total energy * in a closed system is equal to the net heat transfer plus the entropy change * is equal to the change in total energy of closed system plus entropy change * **is equal to the change in total energy of closed system plus net heat transfer** 53. Based on the first law of thermodynamics, which of the following is wrong? * the heat transfer equals the work plus energy change * **the heat transfer cannot exceed the work done** * the net heat transfer equals the net work of the cycle * the net heat transfer equals the energy change if no work is done 54. An ideal gas is compressed isothermally. The enthalpy change is: * sometimes negative * **zero** * sometimes positives * indeterminate **8-7** 55. Enthalpy of an ideal gas is a function only of: * entropy * internal energy * **temperature** * pressure 56. Mechanical energy of pressure transformed into energy of heat: * kinetic energy * **enthalpy** * heat exchanger * heat of compression 57. A system with paddle wheel work is irreversible, therefore, the change in its entropy: * is zero * **greater than zero** * maybe negative * maybe positive, negative or zero 58. What is the process that has no heat transfer? * reversible * isothermal * polytropic * **adiabatic** 59. A pressure of 1 millibar is equivalent to : * **1000 dynes/cm²** * 1000 cm of Hg * 1000 psi * 1000 kg/cm² 60. Is one whose pressure is higher than the saturation pressure corresponding to its temperature: * saturated liquid * **compressed liquid** * saturated vapor * compressed gas **8-8** 65. S.I. unit of force: * pounds * **Newton** * kilograms * dyne 66. Heat normally flowing from a high temperature body to a low temperature body wherein it is impossible to convert heat without other effects is called the: * **second law of thermodynamics** * first law of thermodynamics * third law of thermodynamics * zeroth law of thermodynamics 67. When a system deviates infinitesimally from equilibrium at every instant of its state, it is undergoing: * isobaric process * **quasi-static process** * isometric process * cyclic process 68. What equation applies in the first law of thermodynamics for an ideal gas in a reversible open steady-state system? * Q-W = U2 - U1 * Q + VdP = H2-H1 * QVdP = H2-H1 * **QPdV = H2-H1** 69. The temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to the pressure exerted on the liquid: * absolute humidity * calorimeter * **boiling point** * thermal energy 70. When a substance in gaseous state is below the critical temperature, it is called: * **Vapor** * cloud * moisture * steam 71. Is the condition of pressure and temperature at which a liquid and its vapor are indistinguishable: * **critical point** * dew point * absolute humidity * relative humidity 72. If the température is held constant and the pressure is increased beyond the saturation pressure, we have a : * saturated vapor * **compressed liquid** * saturated liquid * subcooled liquid 73. The latent heat of vaporization in joules per kg is equal to: * 5.40 x 102 * 4.13 x 103 * **22.6 x 105** * 3.35 x 105 74. Form of energy associated with the kinetic energy of the random motion of large number of molecules: * internal energy * kinetic energy * heat of fusion * **heat** 75. In a P-T diagram of a pure substance, the curve separating the solid phase from the liquid phase is: * vaporization curve * **fusion curve** * boiling point * sublimation point 76. If the pressure of the confined gas is constant, the volume is directly proportional to the absolute temperature: * Boyle * Joule * **Charles** * Kelvin 77. Is the condition of pressure and temperature at which a liquid. and its vapor are indistinguishable: * relative humidity * absolute humidity * **critical point** * dew point 78. When a substance in gaseous state is below its critical temperature it is called: * steam * cloud * moisture * **vapor** 79. Number of molecules in a mole of any substance is a constant called: * Rankine cycle * **Avogadro's number** * Otto cycle * Thompson constant 80. Is one whose temperature is below the saturation temperature corresponding to its pressure: * compression * condensation * constant volume process * **subcooled liquid** 81. If the temperature is held constant and the pressure is increased beyond the saturation pressure, we have a : * **compressed liquid** * subcooled liquid * saturated vapor * saturated liquid 82. Work done in a free expansion process is: * **zero** * maximum * minimum * P1V1-P2V2/(n-1) 83. The internal energy of a gas is a function of: * a function of pressure only * **a function of temperature only** * a function of volume only * function of pressure and volume 84. An instrument which usually portable and is used for recording changes in atmospheric pressure and for the determination of altitude: * anemometer * tachometer * **aneroid barometer** * pycnometer 85. An ideal gas is compressed adiabatically in a cylinder. The temperature of the gas: * remains constant * decreases * **increases** * none of the these 86. Mollier diagram is plotted on which plane? * P-V * **H-s** * P-T * T-s 87. A polytropic process is given by the equation PV = C. What is the value of n for a constant volume process? * less than zero * zero * more than zero * **infinity** 88. Which of the following provides the basis for measuring. thermodynamic property of temperature? * **Zeroth law** * First law * Second law * Third law 89. At the critical point, the latent enthalpy of vaporization is: * minimum * **zero** * maximum * only depends on temp 90. A control volume refers to: * **a fixed region in space** * a reversible process * an isolated system * a specified mass 91. It states that when any two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other. * First law of thermodynamics * Second law of thermodynamics * Third law of thermodynamics * **Zeroth law of thermodynamics** 92. It states that the total entropy of pure substances approaches zero as the absolute thermodynamic temperature approaches zero. * First law of thermodynamics * Second law of thermodynamics * **Third law of thermodynamics** * Zeroth law of thermodynamics **8-9** 93. It is impossible to construct a heat engine that operates in a cycle and receives a given quantity of heat from a high temperature body and does equal amount of work. * Gay lussac law * kinetic theory * **Kelvin Planck law** * Joule Thompson law 94. A compound pressure gauge is used to measure: * complex pressure * variable pressure * compound pressure * **positive and negative pressures** 95. Hydrometer is used to measure: * **specific gravity of liquids** * specific gravity of solids * specific gravity of gases * relative humidity 96. The law that states: "At constant temperature, the internal energy of a gas tends to finite limit, independent of volume as the pressure tends to be zero.". * Kelvin-Planck law * **Joules law** * Boyles law * Charles law 97. The increase in enthalpy of a substance when it undergoes some phase change at constant pressure and temperature: * heat of transformation * latent heat * **heat of vaporization** * heat of fusion 98. Mathematically a thermodynamic property is which of the following: * a path function * discontinuous * **exact differential** * a point function 99. The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of some standard substance is called: * relative density * **specific gravity** * specific density * relative humidity 100. The quality of having a low boiling point or subliming temperature at ordinary pressure: * refrigerant * **volatility** * evaporability * condensability 101. The entropy of all perfect crystalline solid is zero at absolute zero temperature. **8-10** 102. Which of the following would be considered a system rather. than a control volume? * a pump * **a tire** * jet nozzle * a-turbine 103. Assuming real process, the net entropy change in the universe is: * must be calculated * equal to zero * negative * **positive** 104. Specific heat capacity in an Sl derived unit described as: * J/kg * W/m-K * J/m³ * **J/kg-K** 105. What are the changes in internal energy for reversible adiabatic and isothermal processes, respectively? * CPAT and 0 * **0 and CVAT** * CVAT and CPAT * CVAT and 0 106. Regardless of the process, the change in enthalpy for n moles of an ideal gas is: * 0 * nCvDT. * Q * **nCpdT** 107. Which of the statements is true? * Entropy always decreases * entropy increases up to critical temperature, then it decreases * **Theoretically, entropy may be zero at low enough temperature** * Entropy does not change in a throttling process 108. The equation TdS = pdV + dU is valid: * only in constant temperature process * only in constant pressure process * only in reversible process * **always** 109. Which of the following statements is true for a perfect gas flowing through an insulated valve? * **enthalpy is essentially unchanged.** * entropy decreases * temperature increases greatly * flow is isentropic **8-11** 110. If an initial volume of an ideal gas is compressed to one-half of its original volume and to twice its original temperature, the pressure: * remains constant * doubles * **quadruples** * halves 111. If an initial volume of saturated steam is expanded isothermally to twice the initial volume, the pressure: * remains the same * **decreases** * increases * halves 112. An adiabatic process: * allows heat transfer into the system but not out of the system * allows heat transfer out of the system but not into the system * **may be reversible** * is one in which enthalpy remains unchanged 113. A quantity of heat required to change the state of a substance from solid to liquid. * **latent heat of fusion** * latent of vaporization * sensible heat * total heat load 114. Heat coming from a human body that cause a change in room temperature: * **latent heat** * internal energy * sensible heat * kinetic energy 115. Heat added to or removed from a substance that cause change of temperature. * latent heat * entropy * **sensible heat** * enthalpy 116. If mass of steam is expanded in a cylinder in such a manner that no energy is added or lost as heat. The process is called: * constant enthalpy process * isothermal process * **adiabatic process** * constant volume process 117. Which of the following statements is true? * equal volumes of different gases have equal weights * high-density gases diffuse faster than low-density gases * **equal volumes of different gases at the same temperature and pressure have an equal number of molecules** * all of the above 118. At equal pressure and temperature, equal volumes of gases have equal number of molecules. **8-12** 119. One horsepower is equivalent to: * 350 ft-lbs/sec * **550 ft-lbs/sec** * 778 ft-lbs/sec * 1000 ft-lbs/sec 120. When the temperature of a thermometer is changed over a wide range the glass will slowly "creep". This is known as: * heat action * thermal radiation * high conductance * **thermal hysteresis** 121. The temperature of a fluid flowing under pressure through a pipe is usually measured by: * Glass thermometer * Electric-resistance thermometer * Thermocouple thermometer * **all of the above** 122. When gas temperature below 1000°F are to be measured which of the following should be used? * Bare thermocouple * Resistance thermometer * Mercury-in-glass thermometer * **all of the above** 123. A law which states that when two bodies, isolated from one environment, are in thermal equilibrium with a third body, the two are in thermal equilibrium with each other is called: * First law of thermodynamics * Second law of thermodynamics * Third law of thermodynamics * **Zeroth law** 124. Mathematically, a thermodynamics property is which of the following: * **a point function** * differential function * integration * efficiency 125. Enthalpy of an ideal gas is a function only of: * pressure * density * volume * **temperature** 126. In the flow process, neglecting PE and KE changes, -[VdP represents which item below? * input work * **shaft work** * output work * net work **8-13** 127. Power may be expressed in unit of: * lb/ft² * **Btu/hr** * Btu/lb * Ib/in² 128. The second law of thermodynamics states that: * Heat energy cannot be completely transformed into work * Heat energy can be completely transformed into work * Work can be completely transformed into heat * Work cannot be transformed into power 129. The system is said to be in thermodynamics equilibrium: * there is no tendency towards spontaneous change * the entering and leaving velocities are equal * all pressures are equal * all temperature are equal 130. The change of internal energy of an ideal gas is a function only of the temperature change is a statement from: * Mach's law * Thompson's law * **Joule's law** * Charle's law 131. Entropy is a measure of: * distance * pressure line values * temperature balance * **randomness or disorder** 132. An adiabatic process with no work done is: * isentropic * paddle * **throttling** * expansion 133. A device which continuously and indefinitely discharge more energy than it receives is known as: * pumps * fans and blowers * compressors and exhausters * **perpetual motion machine** 134. (u + pV) is a quantity called: * entropy * work * internal energy * **enthalpy** 135. Name the process that has no heat transfer: * **isentropic** * input work * isometric * infant work 136. The rate of emission of energy from a body is proportional to. the rate at which the body is capable of absorbing radiant energy is: * Joule's law * Caloric theory * Kirchoff's law * Heat law 137. It is a process in which water vapor is added to the air stream by adiabatic evaporation. * adiabatic saturation * adiabatic condensation * **evaporative cooling** * isentropic cooling 138. The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature one Ib of that substance one degree Fahrenheit is: * **BTU** * specific heat * calorific * power 139. Electrical horsepower is the equivalent of mechanical energy and its equivalent to: * 746 kw * 2200 Btu/hr * 550 hp * **746 watts** 140. A unit of mass which is equal to 0.5 kg: * **livre** * pounder * ampler * tones 141. The amount of energy or work required to raise a weight of 33,000 pounds to a height of one foot in one minute time: * watts * dynapower * **horsepower** * kilojoules 142. In energy transformation process in which the resultant condition lacks the driving potential needed to reverse the. process, the measure of this loss is expressed as: * **entropy increase of the system** * entropy decrease of the system * energy loss of the system * heat loss of the system 143. The increase in enthalpy of a substance when it undergoes some phase change at constant pressure and temperature: * **heat of transformation** * sensible heat * latent heat * heat condensation and evaporation 144. A thermodynamic system which undergoes a cyclic process during a positive amount of work is done by the system: * **heat engine** * turbine * carnot engine * hydro engine 145. The law states that: "At constant temperature, the internal energy of a gas tends to a finite limit, independent of volume as the pressure tends to be zero." * Kelvin-Planck law * **Joule's law** * Boyle's law * Charles law 146. Assuming real process, the net entropy change in the universe is: * must be circulated.. * equal to zero * negative * **positive** 147. Which of the following would be considered a system rather than a control volume? * a pump * **a tire** * jet nozzle * a turbine 148. What is the gage used to measure 0.001 to 1 atm pressure? * Bourdon * **Mercury manometer** * Water manometer * Metallic diaphragm 149. An instrument commonly used in most Research and Engineering Laboratories because it is small and fast among the other thermometers: * mercury thermometer * liquid-in-glass thermometer * gas thermometer * **thermocouple** 150. What is referred by control volume? * An isolated system * Closed system * **Fixed region in space** * Reversible process only 151. Assuming real process, the net entropy change in the universe is: * must be calculated * equal to zero * negative * **positive** 152. The work done in an adiabatic process in a system: * is equal to the change in total energy in a closed system * is equal to the net heat transfer plus the entropy change * is equal to the change in total energy of closed system plus entropy change * **is equal to the change in total energy of closed system plus net heat transfer** 153. Based on the first law of thermodynamics, which of the following is wrong?. * The heat transfer equals the work plus energy change **8-14** 154. One Joule of work is done by a force of one Newton acting through a distance of: * **one meter** * one inch * a foot * one cm 155. (u + pv) is a quantity called: * flow energy