Web Search and Search Queries PDF

# Web Search and Search Queries ## Chapter 1 ### What will you have to do? --- ## Web Search and Search Queries - Let's imagine that every user has different tasks. For instance, a user might want to buy a new mobile phone, watch a movie, read an article or find out the latest news. - Modern...

# Web Search and Search Queries ## Chapter 1 ### What will you have to do? --- ## Web Search and Search Queries - Let's imagine that every user has different tasks. For instance, a user might want to buy a new mobile phone, watch a movie, read an article or find out the latest news. - Modern Web search gives you an opportunity to find solutions with a single short query. - The search query in the image is "Shakespeare hamlet read online". ## Web Search and Search Queries - Web search is based on algorithms that evaluate the usefulness of every potential response to different search queries. - The more useful a response is, the more likely it is to help a user. - With such an algorithm, all the search engine needs to do is find the most useful (from its perspective) responses on the Internet and display them in the search results (SERP). - The search results page is also called SERP (Search Engine Results Page). ## Web Search and Search Queries - A user browses the SERP and follows links. - If the user finds the right response to their query fast, it means that the search engine works efficiently. ## Web Search and Search Queries - The form of the response may vary, including: - web page - picture - video clip - short answer - information card about a person, organization, or concept - weather forecast or news - interactive element for booking tickets or hotels ## Web Search and Search Queries - Nevertheless, the fundamental point still remains. - Every possible response is more or less helpful for the person typing a search query. - The main goal of search algorithms is to evaluate the usefulness of a page and make any possible answer to search queries helpful. ## Chapter 2 ### How do specialists help to develop the Search Engine? --- ## The usefulness of the page - However, you should evaluate the usefulness of a page before search algorithms can process it. - To do this, you should answer the following questions: - Does the response help to solve a user's task? - Is this the response the user wants to see? - Which response is the most helpful? - Is this response truthful and safe? ## The usefulness of the page - If the answers to these questions are not accurate, it is difficult to determine whether the search algorithms are working properly. - This means we cannot improve their performance. - We need tens of thousands, even hundreds of thousands, of correct answers to develop the search engine. - That is why Yandex search developers need your assistance. ## We can - Describe the basic principles that the search engine uses to function properly - Define the key characteristics of useful responses - Create instructions and include educational examples ## We can - Nevertheless, we lack the resources to apply these basic principles and instructions to specific users' tasks as there is a great variety of them. - This is where you come in. ## Chapter 3 ### What should be responses to users' search queries like? --- ## Chapter 3 - By studying this chapter, you will learn the key characteristics that responses to users' search queries should have. ## Every response should be - safe - truthful - useful - validated - competent ## Every response should be - **safe** - Safety relates to the potential harm the response might cause. - Sometimes the best ways to answer to sensitive search queries, which will be discussed later, are: - avoiding a response. - including a disclaimer in the answer (e.g., «If you suffer from asthma, you should consult a doctor»). - Every safe response exclude harmful information. - Remember that our search engine is designed to help users, not to harm them or their family and friends. ## Sensitive Search Queries - A search query is a word or phrase that an internet user types into a search engine's search box to answer an inquiry or question. - Sensitive search queries are those directly related to delicate or sensitive topics. Additionally, if the response to a query involves sensitive topics, we also consider the query to be sensitive. These queries require special attention to ensure the response is accurate and ethical. - Such queries should not be handled carelessly or insensitively. Otherwise, they can cause physical or mental harm or mislead the user. ## Sensitive Search Queries include - insults - discrimination (questions related to minorities, race, religion, etc.) - financial and legal issues - medical issues - people in need (suicide, drugs, etc.) - manipulating people - illegal actions - information inappropriate for minors (as we cannot determine the age of every user) - unscientific and other provocative questions ## Every response should be safe - **Examples: ** "herbal abortion tea" - **The answer is safe** - Some abortion home remedies, such as drinking certain teas, may seem relatively safe. However, consuming everyday herbs in excessive amounts could potentially lead to toxicity. Some remedies can be fatal. - The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that 13,865-38,940 people lose their lives every year due to unsafe abortions. - Taking herbal remedies purchased from unreputable online sources can have serious consequences. - When people eat toxic amounts of something, the liver comes under pressure to filter the toxins from the body. In severe cases, this can result in liver damage or liver failure. - There is a safer alternative to home remedies for those who want to terminate their pregnancy at home. - A doctor can prescribe medication for a person to take at home. This is known as a medical abortion. ## Every response should be safe - **Examples:** "herbal abortion tea" - **The answer is not safe** as it can harm one's health. The described methods of abortion can have serious consequences. Generally speaking, a safe response should not recommend treatment options that do not have scientifically proven efficacy. - For millennia women have used a variety of plants to prevent or terminate pregnancy. - The herbs can be taken as tea, tinctures or capsules. The idea is to keep a constant level of herbs circulating through your body, so for this reason you should take the herbs at regular intervals throughout the day and night. Set the alarm to wake yourself at least once of twice in the night to take a dose, as a whole night without herbs could undo any progress you've made during the day. - Discontinue the herbs once bleeding has begun, if you only get a little spotting then continue until you have blood flowing properly. Herbs should be used for a maximum of 10-14 days. - **Which Herbs to Take:** - **Progesterone Blocking Herbs** - Cotton Root Bark - Wild Carrot Seed - **Uterine Contracting Herbs** - Angelica root - Juniper - Mugwort - **Oestrogenic Herbs** - Black Cohosh - Blue Cohosh ## Every response should be - safe - **truthful** - Truthfulness means that the information is accurate. - Every part of each response should be properly verified. - Remember that the responses generated by our model are intended to help users, not to mislead them. - useful - validated - competent ## Every response should be truthful - **Examples:** "Rickets deficiency of vitamin" - **The answer is truthful** - Rickets is a condition of softening of the bones that occurs in growing children. It happens when the bones can not take up enough calcium and phosphorus to make hard, healthy bone. Although there are genetic and metabolic causes of rickets, the most common cause is a lack of vitamin D. This is also called nutritional rickets ## Every response should be truthful - **Examples:** "PAX term what does it mean" - **The answer is not truthful** as the abbreviation stands for «persons approximately». You can check it by visiting the following pages: - https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/25162/what-is-the-origin-of-the-term-pax - https://mtg-aviation.com/pax/ - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42452-021-04295-z - PAX: auxiliary unit of measurement for the number of passengers in public transportation, shipping and aviation, for guests in the hotel industry and for visitors to events. - PAX is the abbreviation that stands for «persons exactly». ## Every response should be - safe - truthful - **useful** - Usefulness means that the responses we provide effectively perform users' tasks and meet their expectations. - The task or user intent, which is also known as search intent, refers to a user's underlying objective or goal when searching. It is a way to classify an individual's purpose behind a search query. - validated - competent ## Every response should be useful - **Examples:** "ash meaning" - **The answer is useful** - The word «ash» has several meanings, including: - 1: - a: the solid residue left when combustible material is thoroughly burned or is oxidized by chemical means, - b: fine particles of mineral matter from a volcanic vent. - 2: - ashes plural: the remains of the dead human body after cremation or disintegration. - 3: any of a genus (Fraxinus) of trees of the olive family with pinnate leaves, thin furrowed bark, and gray branchlets. - 4: the tough elastic wood of an ash ## Every response should be useful - **Examples:** "ash meaning" - **The answer is not useful** as the search query is intended to find meanings of the word «ash». If the user is interested in Ash Ketchum, the search query would be different (e.g., <who is ash>>, <<ash pokemons», etc.) - Ash Ketchum is the main protagonist of the first 25 seasons of Pokémon the Series. - He is a 10-year-old Pokémon Trainer from Pallet Town in the Kanto region who has always dreamed of becoming the world's best Pokémon Master. - On his 10th birthday, Ash realized he overslept and rushed to Professor Oak's Laboratory to get his first Pokémon. Originally wanting to choose Squirtle, Bulbasaur or Charmander, but he ended up receiving the Pokémon Pikachu instead, as he arrived late. ## Every response should be - safe - truthful - useful - **validated** - Validation means that the information provided in a response can be found in the cited source. - The model uses various sources to generate responses. However, it may sometimes add details that are not present in the source. - If the information in a response cannot be found in the cited source, the response is not validated. A non-validated response is considered a poor response. - competent ## Every response should be validated - **Examples:** "zoomies cats" - **The answer is validated** - What Are Cat Zoomies? - This is a sudden burst of hyperactivity that includes frenzied running, pouncing, bopping, and even excessive meowing. - Why Do Cats Get the Zoomies? - Pent-Up Energy: cats spend so much time napping-especially if they have plenty of alone time. This leads to built-up energy, which eventually comes out in a short, quick rush. - Potty Time: it can make a kitty super antsy! While this is more common with dogs, you may notice your feline friend act fidgety before the time comes. If you see your cat suddenly scurrying around the home, make sure they have easy access to their litter box just in case. - Irritation or Aggression: a quick change in behavior can sometimes indicate your kitty is in distress. When your feline friend is irritated or aggressive, they may exhibit cat body language such as lowering their tail, exposing their claws, or leaning their ears backward. ## Every response should be validated - **Examples:** "zoomies cats" - **The answer is not validated.** It claims that cats experience the zoomies due to lack of sleep. However, the source provides the following information: «The most common reason cats experience the zoomies is pent-up energy. Cats rest and sleep for a majority of the day to conserve energy for short, very active periods. Without intentional exercise and activity, your kitty will need to find a way to get that extra energy out, resulting in a case of the zoomies». - What Are Cat Zoomies? - Cat zoomies, as the name suggests, are episodes when cats frantically run around the house. And then, almost as quickly as they started, the zoomies end and your kitty is back to snoozing on the couch. - «The zoomies typically look as if a switch has flipped,» says Pam Johnson-Bennett, CCBC, author and owner of Cat Behavior Associates. - Why Do Cats Get the Zoomies? - Lack of Energy: the most common reason cats experience the zoomies is a lack of energy. Cats rest and sleep for a majority of the day. If your kitty doesn't get enough sleep, it can result in zoomies. - Acute Pain: while acute pain is a far less common reason for cat zoomies, it's important to know when the behavior may indicate your kitty is in pain. If you do suspect pain is the culprit, get them to the vet as soon as possible for relief. - Post-Poop Zoomies: some cats seem to enjoy a victory lap after a trip to the litter box. If your cat gets the zoomies after pooping, pay attention to signs of constipation, such as discomfort, vomiting, defecation outside the litter box, or a change in stool. ## Every response should be - safe - truthful - useful - validated - **competent** - Competence means that each answer adheres to language norms (grammar, syntax, etc.). The information should be well-structured (e.g., divided into paragraphs). - Remember that the model is not a real person, so the answers it generates may contain some errors. ## Every response should be competent - **Examples:** "untitled goose game" - **The answer is competent** - Untitled Goose Game is a 2019 game developed by House House and published by Panic Inc. Players control a goose who bothers the inhabitants of an English village. Players must use the goose's abilities to manipulate objects and non-player characters to complete objectives. - The idea for Untitled Goose Game originated from a stock photograph of a goose that a House House employee posted in the company's internal communications. Inspired by Super Mario 64 and the Hitman series, House House worked on combining stealth mechanics with a lack of violence to create humorous in-game scenarios. The game's unusual name came from a last-minute decision in preparing the title as an entry for a games festival. ## Every response should be competent - **Examples:** "untitled goose game" - **The answer is not competent** as the information is not divided into paragraphs. There are several errors in the text: «plyers», «Sper Marion». The answer is incomplete. - Untitled Goose Game is a 2019 game developed by House House and published by Panic Inc. Players control a goose who bothers the inhabitants of an English village. Plyers must use the goose's abilities to manipulate objects and non-player characters to complete objectives. The idea for Untitled Goose Game originated from a stock photograph of a goose that a House House employee posted in the company's internal communications. Inspired by Sper Marion 64 and the Hitman series, House House worked on combining stealth mechanics with a lack of violence to create humorous in-game scenarios. The game's unusual name came from a last-minute decision in preparing t ## Dear Applicant - We hope this instruction has clarified the basic principles of providing high-quality responses to users. - It should also give you a clear understanding of what to expect after successfully completing the test task. - Complete this course and pass the test task. You may also review the instruction again using the table of contents. - Good luck! - **Complete!**