Pneumatic Symbols PDF
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This document provides an overview of pneumatic symbols, standards, and components. It details various types of pneumatic cylinders, valves, and vacuum systems, along with their respective symbols, and explains how they function. This guide is intended for those working with or designing pneumatic systems, and the symbols are presented in a standardized format.
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## Pneumatic Symbols ### Introduction Pneumatic symbols are a shorthand system of iconography used in the pneumatics industry to represent components and their functions. They are universally understood, making communication between manufacturers, operators, and service engineers easier. ### Stan...
## Pneumatic Symbols ### Introduction Pneumatic symbols are a shorthand system of iconography used in the pneumatics industry to represent components and their functions. They are universally understood, making communication between manufacturers, operators, and service engineers easier. ### Standards - The **International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)** sets standards for the design, specification, and construction of various materials, objects, and technologies. - **ISO 14617** deals with graphical symbols used in diagrams, and **ISO 1219-1:2012** (a sub-division of ISO 14617) lays down the basic elements required to produce such symbols. - These standards are particularly relevant for *fluid power systems*, which include hydraulic and pneumatic systems. ### Pneumatic Cylinder Symbols Pneumatic cylinders are devices that convert compressed air into linear motion. #### Single-Acting Cylinders - Compressed air pushes the piston out. - Return is achieved by a spring. - Can be rod or rod-less. - The spring can be mounted at either the front or rear of the cylinder. #### Double-Acting Cylinders - Compressed air can be used to both extend and retract the piston. - Provide greater force than single-acting cylinders. - Used for both pushing and pulling. #### Other Types of Pneumatic Cylinders - **Fixed Mechanical Cushioning:** Provides cushioning for the piston as it reaches the end of its stroke. - **Adjustable Cushioning:** Allows for adjustment of cushioning depending on the load. - **Self-Adjusting Cushioning:** Automatically adjusts cushioning based on load. - **Through Rod:** The piston rod extends through both ends of the cylinder. - **Tandem Cylinder:** Two or more pistons are connected by a common piston rod. Used when a small bore or low pressure is needed to generate a high level of force. - **Rodless Cylinders:** Force is imparted by a magnetic, cable, or belt pulley system. ### Pneumatic Air Supply and Distribution Symbols #### Compressor - The symbol for a compressor is a circle with a diagonal arrow. - The diagonal arrow indicates variable displacement. - A fixed displacement compressor is represented by a circle without an arrow. #### Main Air - Represented by a circle with a dot at the center and a connecting line. #### Receiver - Represented by an elongated cylinder. - One or more solid lines leading in/out of the tank indicate intake/output lines. #### Manifold - Represented by a cross junction within a square. - Provides multiple connection points. #### Filter Regulator Units - **FRL Units:** An efficient way to combine **filtration, regulation, and lubrication**. - **Filter Regulator**: Filters out contaminants, regulates pressure, and provides lubrication. - **Manual Drain:** A manual method to drain the filter. - **Automatic Drain:** Automatically drains the filter. - **Pressure Gauge:** Provides pressure information. - **Electrical Regulation:** Regulates pressure electrically. #### Filter - Used to remove contaminants from compressed air. - Represented by a diamond shape. - Variations in the symbol can indicate drain type or if drainage is used. ##### Coalescing Filters - Attract moisture and oil particles. - Ideally used for liquid filtration. - May also attract other particles, such as rust. #### Regulators - Used to reduce input air pressure. - Pilot monitors output pressure. ### Pneumatic Valve Symbols - Valves control the flow of compressed air in pneumatic systems. - They are represented by various symbols that provide information about their function, actuation method, flow paths, valve positions, and ports. #### Port Types - **Port 1 (Main Air Supply):** Connected to the compressor or a similar device. - **Port 2 (Output Connection):** Connects to components to be actuated, such as cylinders. - **Port 3 (Exhaust):** Vents exhaust air to the atmosphere. - **Port 4 (Output Connection):** Connects to another component to be actuated. - **Port 5 (Exhaust):** Supplementary exhaust port used in conjunction with Port 3 in some valves. #### 3/2 Valve - A valve with two possible positions (open or closed). #### 5/2 Valve - A valve with two output and two exhaust ports. - Two different 3/2 valves are used to switch the valve's position. #### 5/3 Valve - A valve with three stages of operation. - Commonly used for double-acting cylinders. - Can have the center position blocked, open to exhaust, or pressurized. #### Pneumatic Actuator Control Valve Symbols - **Pilot Air Actuator** - **Solenoid Actuator** - **Manual Actuators:** Pushbuttons, levers, rollers, toggles, etc. ### Lockable Isolation Valves - Restrict airflow when servicing pneumatic equipment. - Often positioned before the FRL unit. ### Soft Start Valves - Limit the amount of air input to the valve. - Gradually build up pressure in the downstream system. - Vent excess air. - Open fully once a pre-set downstream pressure is achieved. - Used to reduce wear and tear on pneumatic systems. ### Pneumatic Flow Control Valves - Regulate the pressure or flow rate of compressed air. - Unidirectional valves: regulate flow in one direction. - Bi-directional valves: regulate flow in both directions. - Manual actuation or more complex electrical signals. - Used to control the speed of pneumatic systems. ### Non-Return or Check Valve - Prevents the flow of air in the opposite direction. ### Unidirectional Flow Control Valve - Restricts the flow of air in one direction. - Allows free flow in the other direction. - Used to control the speed of pneumatic systems. ### Bidirectional Flow Control Valve - Allows free flow of air in either direction. ### Fixed Value Flow Control Valve - Reduces pressure to a fixed value. - No check valve or variable arrow. ### Pneumatic Logic Valves - Use air logic to control the flow of air in pneumatic systems. - Similar in function to electronic logic gates. - Used where traditional control methods might be problematic due to moisture, dust, or other environmental factors. ### Pneumatic 'AND' Valve - Requires two input signals to be present simultaneously for an output signal. ### Pneumatic 'OR' Valve - Allows airflow to pass through from either or both of two input sources. ### Quick Exhaust Valve - Quickly vents exhaust air to the atmosphere. ### Pneumatic Vacuum Systems - Used for pulling objects towards an air source. - Often preferred for directing materials to a single location or lifting objects. - Fewer issues with leakage compared to pneumatic systems. #### Vacuum Generator Symbols - Represented by a circle with a port for input air and one or more ports for the output vacuum. #### Vacuum Filter - Used to remove contaminants from the vacuum stream. #### Vacuum Silencers - Used to reduce noise from venting exhaust air. ### Related Posts - Pneumatic vs Electrical Actuators - How to Maintain and Clean Air Filters in a Pneumatic System - How to Maintain a Pneumatic Cylinder - 9 Signs Your Pneumatic Cylinders Need Replacing ### Get More Content to Your Inbox - Subscribe to receive more content on pneumatics. This content is extracted from the provided document with emphasis on the descriptions and symbols associated with the specific components. I have used headings, lists, and other markdown features for clarity and organization.