Plant Reproductive Organ PDF

Borcelle Home Service About Us Contact Plant Reproductive Organ Learning outcome Describe the anatomy and physiology of plant reproductive organ, the process of plant reproduction and plant life cycles.  A flower is an angiosperm structure spe...

Borcelle Home Service About Us Contact Plant Reproductive Organ Learning outcome Describe the anatomy and physiology of plant reproductive organ, the process of plant reproduction and plant life cycles.  A flower is an angiosperm structure specialized for sexual reproduction. What is a flower? Many species are pollinated by insects or animals, while some species are wind-pollinated A flower is a specialized shoot with up to four types of modified leaves 01 Sepals, encloses the flower 02 Petals, are brightly colored part to attract pollinators 03 Stamens, produce pollen 04 Carpels, produce ovules  A stamen consists of a stalk called a filament, with a sac called an anther where the pollen is produced 01 A carpel consists of an ovary at the base and a style leading up to a stigma, 02 where pollen is received https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LjCzPp-MK48 01 02 03 Stamen The stamens are the male part of the flower. The plant makes pollen in the part of the stamen called the anther. Anther It is part of the stamen that produces and holds pollen Filament A stalk that hold the anther Pistil The female organ of the flower Stigma The stigma, is a sticky surface receptive to pollen. Style The neck of the pistil. Ovary The enlarged part of the pistil that contains the ovules.  Terminologies: Corolla – collective term for petals Calyx – collective term for sepals Perianth – collective term for corolla and calyx Gymnoecium - female reproductive portion as well as the innermost whorl in a flower Androecium - male reproductive units, produce sperm cells packaged inside pollen grains Carpel - ovule-bearing female reproductive organ Florescence - the blooming of a flower Parts of a Flower Monoecious Plants with both male and female flowers on the same plant. The term "monoecious" means "one house".. Dioecious Plants with male flowers on one plant and female flowers on another plant. The term "dioecious" means "double house". Flowers with both male and female parts are called perfect flowers. Flowers that has all 4 major structures are called complete flowers  TYPES OF INFLORESCENCES Spike: The flowers, which are with a very short or with no pedicel, are attached along the elongate and unbranched peduncle of the inflorescence (example: plantain). Raceme: The flowers are with pedicels of about the same length, which are attached along the elongate and unbranched peduncle of the inflorescence. The oldest flowers are at the base of the inflorescence and the youngest at the apex. Panicle: The flowers are with pedicels, which are attached along the branches arising from the peduncle of the inflorescence (example: rice). Corymb: The flowers are with pedicels of unequal length, which are attached along an unbranched, elongate peduncle, forming a flat-topped inflorescence. Umbel: The flowers are with pedicles, which are all attached at about the same point at the end of the peduncle this is specifically called a simple umbel (example: onion). A compound umbel is formed when the peduncle produces branches that end at approximately the same level, forming a flat top, and the ends of these branches arise from a common point (example: carrot).  Head: The flowers do not have pedicels, and they all cluster tightly on the expanded tip of the peduncle (examples: sunflower, daisy, marigold). This type of inflorescence is also referred to as capitulum. Cyme: The flowers with pedicels are located at the ends of the peduncle and lateral branches as well as along the length of the lateral branches. The youngest flowers in any cluster occur farthest from the tip of the peduncle (example: chickweed). Catkin:The flowers have no pedicels, are unisexual (either staminate or pistillate), and are at tached along the length of the peduncle. The flowers are usually very small and fall as a group. This type of inflorescence is also referred to as ament. Spadix: The flowers have no pedicels and are attached along the length of the thickened or fleshy peduncle, which is enveloped by a conspicuously colored bract called a spathe (example: philodendron, anthurium). What is a floral diagram? The floral diagram is a diagrammatic representation of the theoretical transverse section and ground plan of a floral bud in relation to the mother axis. A conventional method for recording the structure of a flower uses a series of capital letters to identify parts: K = calyx; C = corolla; A = androecium; G = gynoecium. The number of components in each is indicated by a number; if the number exceeds 12, the symbol ∞ (infinity) is used. References: https://wildearthlab.com/2022/02/21/flower-anatomy/ https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/kebo106.pdf https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-biology2/chapter/flower-structure/ https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Botany/A_Photographic_Atlas_for_Botany_(Mo rrow)/08%3A_Angiosperms/8.01%3A_Flower_Anatomy#:~:text=Flowers%20are%20co mposed%20of%20many,stem%20is%20called%20the%20peduncle. https://unacademy.com/content/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/08/Anatomy-of- Flowering-Plants.pdf Identify the numbered parts of the flower 12. Is the flower perfect or imperfect? 13. Support your answer. 14. Is the flower complete of incomplete? 15. Support your answer.