Herbal and Alternative Medicine [PPC404] PDF

Herbal and Alternative Medicine [PPC404] Dr. Marwa Saeed Galaa Goda | PhD Lecturer of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, GU [email protected] ...

Herbal and Alternative Medicine [PPC404] Dr. Marwa Saeed Galaa Goda | PhD Lecturer of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, GU [email protected]  Learning Outcomes (LOs) K2: State the beliefs and techniques associated with the complementary and alternative medical practices. Domains of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Five domains of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) Manipulative Whole Biologically Mind- Based Energy and Body - Medical Based Practices Therapies Based System Interventions Methods CAM domains are achieved according to The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health Center (USA) 4  Mind- body practices: This domain honors the intimate connection between the mind and the body with an understanding that the mind can influence physical health and healing. Mind–body practices offer a potentially more accessible and acceptable alternative or complement to conventional mental health treatment. Several reviews have found mind–body practices to be effective in improving mental health concerns such as stress and anxiety, but it may also help with a wide variety of conditions including insomnia, fatigue, and depression. 5  Mind- body practices: A study examining yoga as a complementary treatment for depressed patients taking antidepressants found that Yoga-based interventions is associated with decreases in symptoms of depression and anxiety, improved quality of life and well-being, decrease in stress-related hormones (cortisol), and improved sleep quality. 6 Mind- body practices: The techniques used in this category include Yoga, guided imagery, meditation (including mindfulness meditation), prayer, breathing exercises, and relaxation techniques. Mindfulness meditation involves intentionally paying sustained attention to ongoing sensory, cognitive, and emotional experience without elaborating or judging any part of that experience. 7 Five domains of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) Manipulative Energy Whole Biologically Mind- Based and Body - Medical Based Practices Therapies Based System Interventions Methods CAM domains are achieved according to The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health Center (USA) 8  Energy therapies Energy therapies are beneficial in improvement of various conditions including low back pain, osteoarthritis, and insomnia. Bio-electromagnetic based therapy is based on an electromagnetic field that affect the body such as those of magnet or electric current. For example: Infra red light therapy, bioelectric therapy or magnetic therapy. 9  Bio-electromagnetic based therapy: Bioelectric therapy Clinically, bioelectric therapy is reported to lessen the discomfort arising from a variety of degenerative joint conditions, such as osteoarthritis and aid in the recovery of joint and tendon injury. Bioelectric therapy works by using electrodes to deliver a small electrical current to the skin and generally range in strength from one to a few hundred millivolts. The current stimulates the body's nerves and muscles, which can help to reduce pain, improve circulation, and promote relaxation. 10 Bio-electromagnetic based therapy: Infrared light therapy Red light therapy uses very low levels of heat and doesn’t hurt or burn the skin. The key characteristic of infrared light is its ability to penetrate even the deep layers of the skin, providing better pain relief. Also, infrared light is safe, natural, non-invasive, and painless. Research shows that red light therapy may be useful for relieving some types of pain, particularly pain due to inflammation (irritation and swelling of body tissues). 11  Bio-electromagnetic based therapy: Magneto-therapy Magneto-therapy – It is an alternative medicine practice includes the use of static magnetic fields for healing. It is generally used for pain-relief and against inflammations. The physical and biological health effects are unproven and no effects on health or healing have been well established 12 Five domains of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) Manipulative Whole Biologically Mind- Based Energy and Body - Medical Based Practices Therapies Based System Interventions Methods CAM domains are achieved according to The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health Center (USA) 13  Manipulative and Body based methods Body-based methods work on body structures and systems (i.e., bones, joints, soft tissues) through apply some form of touch or manual pressure to your body. Examples include the use of massage therapy, reflexology, osteopathic manipulation, and chiropractic treatments. 14  Manipulative and Body based methods: Massage therapy In massage therapy, a massage therapist rubs and kneads the soft tissues(muscle, connective tissue, tendons, ligaments and skin) of your body. Massage therapists will use their fingers, thumbs or occasionally even elbows to apply the needed pressure. In general, massage typically focuses on relaxation and easing muscle tension, providing a general sense of well-being. Adhesions can block circulation and cause pain, limited movement, and inflammation. Deep tissue massage works by physically breaking down these adhesions to relieve pain and restore normal movement. 15 Manipulative and Body based methods: Acupressure Acupressure is a manual pressure which is applied to specific points on the body. It is similar to acupuncture, except that it uses fingertip pressure instead of needles (pressure point massage). 16  Manipulative and Body based methods: Reflexology Reflexology is a type of massage therapy that relies on manual pressure applied to specific areas of hands, feet, and ears; these areas are believed to correspond to different organs or body systems. Stimulation of these areas is believed to stimulate the nerve endings to send messages along the nerve pathways to the various organs and the body. Reflexology relieves tension, improves circulation, and helps the body to normalize itself naturally. 17  Manipulative and Body based methods Reflexologists approved by the Reflexology Association of Canada use specific techniques and pathways to ensure the entire foot is covered. It is completely safe. N.B The main difference between acupressure and reflexology is the amount of pressure used. Acupressure uses more pressure than reflexology. Reflexology is also said to be more specific and targeted than acupressure. 18  Manipulative and Body based methods: Chiropractic Chiropractic is a form of alternative medicine concerned with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system, especially of the spine. Chiropractic is a licensed health care profession that emphasizes the body's ability to heal itself. Treatment typically involves manual therapy, often including spinal manipulation. A chiropractor helps manage back and neck pain through the use of spinal adjustments to maintain good alignment. 19 Manipulative and Body based methods: Osteopathy Both osteopaths and chiropractors focuses on the musculoskeletal system. Chiropractor is primarily focused on the spine, an Osteopath is also concerned with the rest of the body. 20 Five domains of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) Manipulative Whole Biologically Mind- Based Energy and Body - Practices Therapies Based Medical Based System Interventions Methods CAM domains are achieved according to The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health Center (USA) 21  Whole medical systems: In the scientific literature, this domain is sometimes also referred to as alternative medical systems. Many are traditional systems of medicine that are practiced by individual cultures throughout the world. These systems are based on the belief that one's body has the power to heal itself. Major Eastern whole medical systems include traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Unani system of medicine (Greek), Kampo medicine (Japanese), and Ayurvedic medicine (Indian), Prophet’s therapy (Traditional Islamic medicine). Major Western whole medical systems include homeopathy and naturopathy. Other systems have been developed by Native American, African, Middle Eastern, and Central and South American cultures. 22  Traditional Chinese medicine: Acupuncture Acupuncture involves the insertion of very thin needles through your skin at strategic points on your body. An acupuncture session can take anywhere from 30 minutes to an hour and usually involves about 20 minutes with the needles in. It may stimulate the body's natural healing abilities. They may promote physical and emotional well-being. Some people believe that acupuncture helps relieve pain by releasing endorphins, which are pain-relieving chemicals produced by the human body. Acupuncture is not recommended for people with bleeding disorders or who are taking a blood thinning medication. 23  Traditional Islamic medicine: Hijama [Cupping in TCM] It is an operation of drawing blood to the surface of the body by use of a cupping glass evacuated by heat. The local suction is created on the skin to stimulate energy flow. The process may by with or without scarification, as for relieving internal congestion or for loosening and stimulating the muscles. Hijama is a type of wet cupping that is frequently practiced in many Muslim countries. This technique involves using a cup to pull the skin into traction, which results in a laceration of the skin with drawing of blood into the cup. 24  Whole medical systems: Homeopathy It is a holistic system of medicine based on the theory of treating 'like cures like'. Example 1: Coffee is generally known for its stimulating effects, in a homeopathic context, Coffea cruda is sometimes used in highly diluted forms (1 part :100 parts of H2O in 3 serial dilutions) to address insomnia characterized by an overactive mind or excessive stimulation. Example 2: Arnica montana is commonly used among athletes to help manage bruising and trauma despite its bleeding action. India is the country with largest number of homeopaths. A 2018 review highlighted the benefits of homeopathy, which include fibromyalgia, infectious diseases, mental health issues, and pain management. 25  Whole medical systems: Naturopathy It is a holistic approach focus on treating the whole person- mind, body, and spirit - rather than just addressing specific symptoms or diseases. It is oriented towards curing diseases, with non-invasive treatment and generally avoid the use of surgery and drugs. Naturopathy supports a person to live a healthy lifestyle. The foundations of naturopathy are based on the importance of a healthy diet, clean fresh water, sunlight, exercise and stress management. 26  Whole medical systems: Naturopathy Example: Common Practices to support overall health. Diet and Nutrition: Highlighting whole foods, balanced diets, and sometimes specific dietary changes to support health. Herbal Medicine: Using plants and plant extracts to promote healing and wellness. Homeopathy: Utilizing highly diluted substances to stimulate the body's healing processes. Physical Medicine: like massage, acupuncture, and chiropractic care may be included. Lifestyle Counseling: Offering guidance on stress management, exercise, and other lifestyle changes 27 Five domains of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) Manipulative Whole Biologically Mind- Based Energy and Body - Medical Based Practices Therapies Based System Interventions Methods CAM domains are achieved according to The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health Center (USA) 28  Biologically based medicine: Biologically based practices focus on the use of natural substances -such as herbs, foods, and dietary supplements - to promote health and wellness. Examples include: Herbal Medicine: The use of plant-based substances for therapeutic purposes. This includes a wide range of products, from single herbs to complex formulas. Dietary Supplements: Includes vitamins (vitamin B12 or vitamin D), minerals (iron), amino acids, fatty acids (omega-3), and other nutrients taken to improve health or address deficiencies. Functional Foods: Foods that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition, such as probiotics in yogurt or prebiotics in whole grains, banana, soybeans, honey. Essential Oils and Aromatherapy: The use of concentrated plant extracts for therapeutic purposes, often through inhalation or topical application. 29 Thank You gu.edu.eg