Pituitary Gland Hormones PDF

Pituitary gland
 FSH & LH hormone FSH LH  In females→ FSH is vital for  In females→ LH triggers ovulation in stimulating ovarian follicle females and stimulates the corpus development and es...

Pituitary gland
 FSH & LH hormone FSH LH  In females→ FSH is vital for  In females→ LH triggers ovulation in stimulating ovarian follicle females and stimulates the corpus development and estrogen production , which are essential for the luteum to produce progesterone. menstrual cycle and ovulation.  In males→ LH stimulates cells to  In males→ FSH promotes produce testosterone, necessary spermatogenesis by acting on for sperm maturation and Sertoli cells promotes the release secondary sexual of androgen-binding protein (ABP), which binds testosterone to characteristics. ensure a high concentration within the testes, necessary for sperm production.  FSH & LH hormone FSH LH Women: Women: Follicular Phase: 3–10 IU/L Follicular Phase: 1.5–8 IU/L Mid-Cycle (Ovulation): 10–20 IU/L Mid-Cycle (Ovulation): 15–80 IU/L (LH Luteal Phase: 2–8 IU/L surge) Post-Menopause: >20 IU/L (can be as Luteal Phase: 1–10 IU/L high as 135 IU/L) Post-Menopause: >20 IU/L Men: Men: Adult Males: 1–10 IU/L Adult Males: 1.5–9.3 IU/L  Clinical significance Hypothalamic or pituitary dysfunction. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Anovulation (failure to ovulate). Male Infertility primary testicular failure  ADH hormone Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin or arginine vasopressin (AVP), is a crucial hormone synthesized in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland. Function:- ADH primarily functions by signaling the kidneys to reabsorb water, thus reducing urine output and concentrating urine. It plays a vital role in regulating the body’s water balance. Normal ADH levels: Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) is typically between 1 to 5 picograms per milliliter (pg/mL) in the blood.  Clinical significance Imbalances in ADH levels can lead to various health conditions: o Diabetes Insipidus: Characterized by insufficient ADH production (central diabetes insipidus) or a lack of kidney response to ADH (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus), leading to excessive urination and thirst. o Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH): In this condition, excessive levels of ADH result in water retention and increased blood pressure.  Oxytocin hormone Function:-  Oxytocin is essential for stimulating uterine contractions during labo r.This cycle continues until childbirth is completed. After childbirth, oxytocin facilitates lactation by causing contractions of myoepithelial cells in the breast, which helps move milk through the ducts during breastfeeding. Normal prolactin levels: In Men: Approximately 1.80 microunits/ml (μU/ml). In Women: Normal oxytocin levels are similar to those in men, averaging about 1.71 μU/ml. However, levels can vary significantly during different physiological states, such as pregnancy and labor..  Clinical significance Impaired Lactation: Insufficient oxytocin can hinder milk ejection during breastfeeding. Obstructed Labor: In childbirth, low oxytocin may result in weak uterine contractions, complicating delivery.