Body Fluid Physiology Lecture 1 PDF

BODY FLUID PHYSIOLOGY LECTURE 1...

BODY FLUID PHYSIOLOGY LECTURE 1 DR. ALI KAMAL AL-DULAIMI CONSULTANT GENERAL SURGEON COLLEGE OF MEDICENE alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] 1 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021  Learning objectives… 1. introduction. 2. Recognize the body fluid compartments. 3. Recognize the composition of body fluid. 4. Understand the regulation of body fluids 5. Recognize the electrolytes and there regulations. alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] 2 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021  HOW MUCH WATER IS THERE IN THE HUMAN BODY? alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] 3 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021  1. introduction. Water is the body's primary fluid and is essential for proper organ system functioning and survival. People can live several days or even weeks without food, but they cannot survive only a few days without water. alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] 4 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021  Water has many functions in the body : Essential for cell life. Interfere in the chemical and metabolic reactions. Nutrients absorption and transport. Regulate the body temperature. Elimination of waste products through urine. alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] 5 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021  2. Body fluid compartments. Total amount of fluid in the human body is approximately 70% of body weight ▪ 60% of body weight (young adult male) ▪ 55% of body weight (young adult female) ▪ Fat contains less water, an obese person has proportionately less body water. ▪ Older adults tend to have a lower concentration of water overall, due to an age- related decrease in muscle mass. ▪ Children tend to have a higher percentage of water weight-as much as 70-80% in a full-term neonate. alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] 6 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021  Body fluid has been divided into two compartments : ❑ Intracellular fluid (ICF) Inside the cells , 40% of total body water ❑ Extracellular fluid Outside the cells , 20% of total body water alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] 7 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] 8 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021  Body Fluid Compartments alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] 9 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021  3.Composition of body fluids ❖ Organic substances ❖ Inorganic substances ▪ Glucose ▪ Sodium ▪ Amino acids ▪ Potassium ▪ Fatty acids ▪ Hormones ▪ Calcium ▪ Enzymes ▪ Magnesium ▪ Chloride ▪ Phosphate ▪ Sulphate alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] 10 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021  Extracellular fluid Interstitial fluid: Present between the cells. Approximately 80% of EC Plasma : Present in blood. Approximately 20% of EC Also includes : Lymph Synovial fluid Cerebrospinal fluid Pleural, Pericardial and Peritoneal fluids alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] 11 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021  1) Extracellular fluids: a) Interstitial Fluid: also known as intercellular fluid is fluid between the cells of multi-cellular organisms which delivers materials to the cells, intercellular communication, and removal of metabolic waste. it represents the largest portion of the ECF - compartment. Interstitial fluid consists of a water solvent - containing amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, coenzymes, hormones, neurotransmitters, salts, as well as waste products from the cells. alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] 12 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021  The plasma and the interstitial fluid integrate through pores in the blood capillaries which allow water and most dissolved substances to diffuse except protein alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] 13 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021  -oxygen, nutrients, travelling in the blood -must first pass into the interstitial fluid before reaching the cells. waste products and hormone secretions from the cells must first pass into the interstitial fluid before reaching the blood plasma. -The exchange of material across the capillaries occurs at high rate by diffusion in both directions. alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] 14 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021  The composition of tissue fluid depends upon the exchanges between the cells in the biological tissue and the blood. This means that tissue fluid has a different composition in different tissues and in different areas of the body acting as a media for intercellular communication. alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] 15 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021  Barriers separate ICF, interstitial fluid and plasma Plasma membrane Separates ICF from surrounding interstitial fluid Blood vessel wall Separate interstitial fluid from plasma alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] 16 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021  b) Intravascular compartment : The main intravascular fluid in humans is blood; the average volume of blood in humans is approximately 75ml/kg Blood plasma: It is the fluid portion of the blood. The blood transports oxygen from the lungs to the body cells and carbon dioxide from the body cells to the lungs. Blood also transaports nutrients derived from food in the intestine to the body cells, other nutrients between organs. alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] 17 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021  ❖ Third space The third space is space in the body where fluid does not normally collect in larger amounts. For examples the peritoneal cavity and pleural cavity are major examples of the third space. Small amount of fluid does exist normally in such spaces, and function as lubricant as in case of pleural fluid. alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] 18 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021  c. Lymph Clear and colorless fluid ,96% water and 4% solids Solids are : Proteins : 2-6% of solids are (albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, prothrombin, clotting factors, antibodies, enzymes) Lipids: 5-15% ,Chylomicrons ,Lipoproteins Carbohydrates : Glucose mainly NPN (Non protein Nitrogen): Urea and creatinine Electrolytes : (Sodium, calcium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonates) alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] 19 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021  Functions of Lymph ▪ Return protein from tissue spaces into blood ▪ Removal of bacteria, toxins and other foreign bodies from tissues ▪ Maintain structural and functional integrity of tissue ▪ Route for intestinal fat absorption ▪ Transport lymphocytes alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] 20 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021  2)Intracellular Fluid The cytosol or intracellular fluid is the liquid found inside the cells. Physiological Function : The cytosol has no single function and instead it is the site of multiple cell processes including metabolic processes (such as glycolysis, gluconeogenesis). It is also involved in signal transduction from the cell membrane to sites within the cell alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] 21 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021  The body fluid composition of tissue varies by Tissue type: lean tissues have higher fluid content than fat tissues. Gender: males have more lean tissue and therefore more body fluid. Age: lean tissue is lost with age and body fluid is lost with it. alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] 22 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021  Body fluid composition: a) water b) dissolved solutes organic inorganic substances substances (e.g protein) (e.g electrolytes) e.g glucose e.g Na+, K+ Since water passes freely across cell membrane, the volume of the - various fluid compartments are determined by unique solutes that are confined to each space. For the total extracellular fluid compartment it is sodium and for the intracellular compartment, it is potassium alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] 23 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021  4. Electrolytes of the body fluids: Electrolytes are salts and minerals that can conduct electrical impulses in the body. Common human electrolytes are sodium, chloride, - potassium, calcium, and bicarbonate. - Electrolytes in body fluids are charged , It can be: Cation - positively charged electrolyte, e.g.Na+, k+,Ca+2 Anion - negatively charged electrolyte, e.g, Cl- , HCO3- po4-3 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] 24 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021  By the end of the session, we learn…….. 1. Understand the body fluid compartments. 2. Understand the composition of different body fluid. 4. Understand the distribution of body fluids 5. Recognize the electrolytes. alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] 25 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021  ANY QUESTIONS? alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] 26 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021  References: 1. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology 2. Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology 25th Edition alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] 27 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021  Homework Male Body Contains MORE WATER than Female of the same weight ? alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] 28 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021  Thank you for Listening alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] 29 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021