Philosophy Week 1-2 Discussions PDF

PHILOSOPHY PHILO - SIR SABADO’S 1ST-2ND WEEK DISCUSSION 08/14/2023 08/15/2023 MEANING OF PHILOSOPHY PHILOSOPHY - Make your own Philosophy in life....

PHILOSOPHY PHILO - SIR SABADO’S 1ST-2ND WEEK DISCUSSION 08/14/2023 08/15/2023 MEANING OF PHILOSOPHY PHILOSOPHY - Make your own Philosophy in life. THALES OF MILETUS - NOT: right or wrong - 1st Philosopher - FOR: After being able to think and reflect. - Father of Western Philosophy - Needs/Involves REASONING - Introduced Demythologization. - TO UNCOVER THE TRUTH - Ask origin of things - Education brings us the truth. ➔ “What is the underlying substance Example: that made of reality?” (FOR) Lawyers always do reasoning ➔ Good lawyers always want the truth to come DEMYTHOLOGIZATION out. - Going away from myth that everything is ➔ Some lawyers hide the truth. caused by gods and goddesses. (NOT) Outsmart because of reasoning ability. ➔ The purpose is not to uncover the truth, but to Men dared to go against status quo (kinasanayan) and assumed outsmart. that it is within man’s rational ability to abstract and explain reality. ➔ When comfortable, there is no room for improvement. CONCEPT OF PILOSOPO - Pilosopo- palusot, excuses - They engage in reasoning to enable or cover up an ETYMOLOGY OF PHILOSOPHY obvious truth. - Philosophy - Widen horizon - Reasoning that annoys or irritates someone. - PHILO - Love + SOPHIA - Wisdom = LOVE OF - Not engage in argumentation WISDOM ★ Pilosopo ≠Philosophy. Phythagores ★ Not uncover the truth. ➔ Coined the word - Co-notes negative meaning. ➔ Thales is older than Phythagoras - Aside from entertainment aspects, there are sense of 630 BC - Thales philosophy. 531 BC - Pythagoras - ★ Did this to not be labeled as SOPHIST Example: :Why am I here? → Philosophical question DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PHILOSOPHER AND :Wala ka doon. SOHPISTS ➔ Reasoning and uncover the truth ➔ There is still sense. PHILOSOPHERS - “Lovers of Wisdom” - Seek knowledge and for knowledge’s sake. PHILOSOPHY - Our reason will show that certain truth are ★ MOTHER DISCIPLINE universal and objective. ➔ All other sciences came from philosophy. SOPHISTS ➔ Sciences uncover the answer - “Wise men” ★ Question > Answer - Intellectuals who taught oratory for fee to Example: individuals aspiring to have a successful career Where did I come from? in politics. Biologist: Genes - Truth is relative Chemist: Elements ➔ What’s okay for you may not be for Religious: God others. - Study of all things (Beyond Physical) - Wisdom > Knowledge Love of Wisdom - Not purely intellectual, wisdom pursued with great passion and seriousness PHILOSOPHY PHILO - SIR SABADO’S 1ST-2ND WEEK DISCUSSION 08/16/2023 5 QUALITIES OF BEING A WISE PERSON WHAT MAKES A QUESTION PHILOSOPHICAL? 1.Aware of what they know and what they don’t know. - Start with ordinary questions - Aware of their ignorance. - Go beyond personal ordinary questions - Allows you to pursue more to know more. Example: - Knows what they don’t know Who causes these foods to exist? ➔ Open to more knowledge - Elicit; many possible answers. - They don’t know what they don’t know Parents, God, Farmers ➔ Ignorance - Create discomfort/ metaphysical discomfort. ❖ Learn → Unlearn → Relearn Example: Think of crisis Epistemic Humility Do parallel universes exist? - Realization that our own knowledge is always provisional and incomplete CHARACTERISTICS OF A PHILOSOPHICAL - It might require revision in light of new evidence QUESTION: - An unexamined existence is all right 2.Holds beliefs that are not only true but which they can also 1.VERY GENERAL justify. - Foundation of questions - Words like, “basta” and “respect my opinion” not ➔ Not require one answer. acceptable if no explanation. ➔ Can answer in different perspective. - We should be able to defend our stand. Example: What is the purpose of my existence? Justification ★ Seeing things from a wider perspective. - Property of belief - Makes belief more likely to be true. Dogmatism - Not accept other ideas Epistemic Justification - Lay principles as incontrovertibly true without - Good reason for holding it consideration of evidence or the opinion of others. 3.Know a lot of things that are VALUABLE in life. 2.NO SINGLE METHODOLOGY OF ANSWERING THESE QUESTIONS 4.Can put their knowledge to practice Example: - Theory → (put into) Practice Why am I here? ➔ Can be in a different perspective 5.Not only know what is true. Also knows what is good or ➔ Why was I born for? what ought to be done in each situation and their acts ➔ What am I here for? accordingly. ★ Sometimes, we think we have found the answer, only to find ourselves asking the question again. Example: Does God exist? 3.SEEM TO HAVE TO PRACTICAL UTILITY - GOAL: Inspire a thought - “There is only thing permanent in the world is change” Think of a philosophical question = engage in philosophical question ➔ Become aware that you’re thinking. I think, therefore I am To think is to exist. PHILOSOPHY PHILO - SIR SABADO’S 1ST-2ND WEEK DISCUSSION 08/16/2023 08/22/2023 UNDERSTANDING REALITY IN A BIGGER PICTURE: BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY HOLISTIC PERSPECTIVE V.S. PARTIAL POINT OF ★ Why divide Philosophy? VIEW ➔ To deal with them individually and organization. Truth/Reality - Like an elephant HOW IS IT DIVIDED? - Usually blind men = see partially 1.Thematic - Need others to see entire reality. - Put in the same things/topics HOLISTIC 2.School of Thought - Coined from word, Holism - Subscribe to that idea ➔ All, entire, totality ➔ Look at all aspect of things. 3. Methodological - All aspects are given importance when making - According to the methods use by that particular thing. conclusions. Example: 4. Regional Judge listens to both victim and suspect - Where the pamimilosopiya happened. PARTIAL POV 5.Historical - Based on one component of a whole - Historical background of that topic. - See your bias. Example: Mother scolded older daughter cause younger daughter 9 BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY is crying. The number 6 and 9 1.Logic - Reasoning - Main Concern: Distinction between correct and PHILOSOPHY incorrect forms of reasoning. - Consider the WHOLE Syllogisms - derived conclusion based on given ➔ WHole is greater than the sum of its parts situation - Suspends judgement = epoche Example: ➔ Does bracketing. All roses are flowers. - Not support “first impression, last” This is a rose - Looks at everything Therefore, I am holding a flower. ➔ Pros, Cons, Red Flag, Green Flag. Fallacy - Incorrect reasoning Example: Why am I here? → Look for context. 2. Epistemology - Knowledge Holistic Education → Full Human Development - Main concern: Kind, sources and condition of knowledge Example: REVIEW Does knowledge come from nature or nurture? ★ Opinion is not yet knowledge; It will only be knowledge 1. Common meaning of Philo if reasoned with belief. 2. Traits of a wise person 3. Seeing things in a bigger picture 3. Metaphysics 4. Branches of Philosophy. - Reality Existence - Main concern: Consist of physical object or non-physical Example: Which comes first, existence or essence? PHILOSOPHY PHILO - SIR SABADO’S 1ST-2ND WEEK DISCUSSION 4. Ethics PHILOSOPHY - Morality - Main concern: Appropriate moral principles meaning of - Can be classified into 3 or 4 moral judgment. Metaphysics - reality existence Example: Epistemology - knowledge What is moral? → What is right? Axiology - ➔ All ask questions. 5.Aesthetics — - Beauty (Arts and Taste) Logic - give an answer - Main concern: Criteria for judgement about beauty Example: VISION Beauty is in the eys of the beholder. - the ability to think about or plan the future with imagination or wisdom. 6. Social and Political Philosophy - The state - Main concern: Legitimate state, limits of the state’s political power, social and distributive justice Example: Are we bound by a social construct? 7. Philosophy of Religion - Religious beliefs - Main concern: Meaning of religious statement, existence of God, problem of evil. Example: Does God exist? Why is there evil? 8. Philosophy of Language - Meaning of linguistic expressions - Main reason: Nature meaning, language use, language cognition, the relationship between language and reality. Example: Is the sky blue? → Verify if looking at the reality; the sky. → What you say should correspond to reality. 9. Philosophy of Mind - Mind ➔ Use our thinking ability - Main reason: Whether the mind is physical or not, and possibility of artificial intelligence. - I think, therefore I am ➔ Thinking = sure of existence Example: Can the mind exist apart from the body?