PHILOSOPHY-LESSON1.pdf

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON LESSON 1: Doing Philosophy MELCs: Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view Realize the value of doing philosophy in obtaining a broad perspective on life Do a philosophical reflection on a concrete situatio...

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON LESSON 1: Doing Philosophy MELCs: Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view Realize the value of doing philosophy in obtaining a broad perspective on life Do a philosophical reflection on a concrete situation from a holistic perspective MEANING OF PHILOSOPHY  The word philosophy springs from the Greek words philia/philos (love) and sophia (wisdom) and means “the love of wisdom.”  Pythagoras was said to have been the primary man to call himself a philosopher; of course, the globe is indebted to him for the word philosopher.  Pythagoras coined the word philosopher, which he defined collectively who is attempting to search out. In keeping with him, men and ladies of the globe can be classified into 3 groups:  1. those who love pleasure  2. those who love activity and  3. people who love wisdom.  Four things to be considered in studying philosophy 1. Science - it's called science because the investigation is systematic.  It follows specific steps or it employs certain procedures. 2. Natural light of Reasoning - investigating things not by using the other laboratory instruments or investigative tools, neither on the idea of supernatural revelation. 3. Study of all things - concern with a specific objective of investigation. 4. Cause or Highest Principles - a principle is that from which something proceeds any manner. The first principles;  Principle of Identity – whatever it is; whatever isn't is not; everything is what it's. Everything is its own being, and not being isn't being.  Principle of Noncontradiction – it is impossible for a thing to be and to not be at the identical time, and at the identical respect.  Principle of excluded middle – a thing is either is or is not; everything must be either or not; between being and not-being, there's no middle ground possible.  Principle of Sufficient reason – nothing exists without sufficient reason for its being and existence.  The Branches of Philosophy  A. Metaphysics- An extension of a fundamental and necessary drive in every person to understand what's real.  The question is a way to account for this unreal thing in terms of what you'll be able to accept as real.  B. Ethics- explores the character of ethical virtue and evaluates human actions. Generally, it is the study of the character of ethical judgment, a way to tell good from evil or right from wrong. Ethics is that the branch of philosophy that explores the character of ethical virtue and evaluates human activity.  C. Epistemology- It deals with nature, source, limitation and validity of information. Epistemological questions are basic to other philosophical inquiries. Epistemology explains about;  Empiricism – the view that knowledge will be attained only through sense datum (perception/impression).  Idea that all learning comes from only experience and observation.  The Branches of Philosophy  D. Logic - is taken into account as a tool and thus doesn't contribute on to the content of the thoughts. It is the validity of the arguments regarding such objects. The term “logic” comes from the Greek word logike and was coined by Zeno, the stoic (c.340- 265BC), it means a treatise on matters regarding human thought.  E. Aesthetics- Establishing the factors of beauty. it's the science of the attractive in its various manifestations including grandeur, comic, tragic, pathetic and ugly. Importance of Aesthetics  Vitalizes the knowledge  To live more deeply and richly  Keeping in-tuned with the culture MOST NOTABLE ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHERS  PYTHAGORAS- a mathematician and scientist, he was credited with formulating the Pythagorean Theorem. His work earned him many followers, and he established a community of learners who were devoted to the study of religion and philosophy.  HERACLITUS- he proposed that everything that everything that exists is based on higher order or plan which he called logos. For him, change is a permanent aspect of human condition as he was credited with the saying, “No man ever steps in the same river twice.”  DEMOCRITUS- he devoted himself to the study of the causes of natural phenomena. He was among the first to propose that matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms. MOST NOTABLE ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHERS  DIOGENES of Sinope- he advocates of living a simple and virtuous life. He talk of virtue but should show it in words and actions. His emphasis on austerity and simplicity often went to the extreme, and he was said to have lived like a beggar.  EPICURUS- he believed that philosophy could enable man to live a life of happiness. His views gave rise to Epicureanism- a school of philosophy which believes that wisdom and simple living will result in a life free of fear and pain. Philosophers that consist the Greek Triumvirate  SOCRATES- the foremost philosopher of ancient times. He made great contributions to the field of ethics.  He did not claim to be wise but merely a midwife- helped inquiring minds achieve wisdom.  He believed that philosophy could enable a man to live a life of virtue.  Socratic Method- means of examining's topic by devising a series of questions that let the learner examine and analyze his knowledge and views.  PLATO- a student of Socrates, he incorporates his own ideas to the teaching of his mentors.  Theory of Forms- proposes that everything that exist is based on ana idea or template that can only be perceived in the mind; these nonphysical ideas are eternal and unchanging.  Dialectic- a method of inquiry where two opposing ideas are discussed in an attempt to arrive at a new knowledge.  ARISTOTLE- a prominent student of Plato, however he disagree with Plato’s theory of forms and took a different stance in interpreting reality.  For him, all ideas and views are based on perception and out reality is based on what we can sense and perceive. – it influence the study of the Physical Sciences.  He is involved in a great variety of disciplines such as zoology, psychology, ethics and politics.  He also proposed a system for the classification of plants and animals.  Deductive reasoning- the process by which specific statements are analyzed to reach a conclusion or generalization. Why is there a need to Philosophize?  Sense of Wonder – Plato ❖ Curiosity drives us to ask questions, to examine and to learn more.  Doubt- Rene Descartes ❖ Examining ideas and perspectives became the basis of criticl thinking and analysis in the sciences.  Experience- Karl Jasper ❖ Man is often confronted by experiences which challenge his ideas and frameworks. The Filipino Philosophy  1. Loob: Holistic and Interior dimensions - Kagandahang-loob, Kabutihang- loob and kalooban are terms that show sharing of the self to others. Filipino believes within the innate goodness of the person. Filipino as a non-public look themselves as holistic from the within dimension under the principle of harmony.  2. Filipino Philosophy of some time - The Filipino beliefs within the gulong ng palad (wheel of fortune) and appears at life as a series of ups and downs, this makes the Filipino an unmitigated optimist. The Filipino Philosophy  3. Bahala Na - came from the name of a God which is the Batula or Bathala. It literally means to travel away from everything to god who is bathala within the vernacular. Bahala philosophy puts complete trust within the divine providence; it contains the element of resignation.  4. Filipino Thought and Values: Positive and Negative Aspect - Filipino believe in utang na loob, which is reciprocating debts of gratitude between coordinates and subordinates that holds the whole group together. Deep down within the Filipino psyche, there exists the thought that whatever good one has done will rebound to one's benefits.  Philosophy; transcending and aiming for a lifetime of abundance ❖ Abundance – from a latin word “abundare” meaning “to overflow nonstop” ❖ Abundance is outflowing than incoming ❖ In line with Aguilar’s The gift of Abundance, Abundance was given a fresh spiritual, even Buddhist paradigm ❖ Aguilar asserts that our very life belongs to God. 2 types of Thinking  Holistic Thinking  A perspective that considers large-scale patterns in a systems.  Looking at the “Big Picture”  A holistic perspective requires individual to have an open mindset and an ability to get the general sense or impression regarding a situation.  Partial Thinking  Focuses on a specific aspects of a situation.  An important component of analytical thinking, as an individual focuses on certain areas or aspects of a problem in order to understand it.