Philosophy-Lesson-3.pdf

What is philosophy? Why is there a need to philosophize? How do we characterize the study of philosophy?  A way of analyzing frameworks  An examination of a particular area of knowledge  A distinct area of knowledge with its own goals, concerns and ways of doing things. ...

What is philosophy? Why is there a need to philosophize? How do we characterize the study of philosophy?  A way of analyzing frameworks  An examination of a particular area of knowledge  A distinct area of knowledge with its own goals, concerns and ways of doing things.  Philosophy Analysis of As an As a discipline frameworks examination of knowledge A WAY OF ANALYZING FRAMEWORKS Philosophy often involves the analysis of different frameworks or systems of thought.  Internal questions  External questions A framework refers to a structured set of ideas, assumptions, and principles that provide the basis for further reasoning, discussion, or action. A WAY OF ANALYZING FRAMEWORKS Internal questions are those that are posed within a particular framework and that can be answered using the rules and assumptions of that framework. External questions challenge the framework itself. These are questions about the assumptions, validity, or applicability of the framework. A WAY OF ANALYZING FRAMEWORKS Example: Framework: “Democracy” Internal questions 1. How often should elections be held? 2. What checks and balances should be in place to prevent abuse of power? 3. How can voter turnout be increased? 4. What qualifications should a candidate have to run for office? A WAY OF ANALYZING FRAMEWORKS Example: Framework: “Democracy” External questions 1. Is democracy the most effective form of governance? 2. Can democracy coexist with socialism or capitalism? 3. What are the limitations of democratic systems? 4. Is the principle of "one person, one vote" always the fairest way to make decisions? A WAY OF ANALYZING FRAMEWORKS Example: Framework: “Academic Success” Internal questions 1. How can I improve my study habits to get better grades? 2. What extracurricular activities should I engage in to make my college application stronger? 3. How do I effectively manage my time between schoolwork and personal life? 4. What courses should I take to best prepare for my intended career? A WAY OF ANALYZING FRAMEWORKS Example: Framework: “Academic Success” External questions 1. Is academic success the only or best measure of my worth or potential? 2. Does this system of grading and evaluation actually reflect my abilities or future success? 3. What are the limitations or downsides of focusing solely on academic achievement? 4. Are there other meaningful ways to define success in life? AS AN EXAMINATION OF A PARTICULAR AREA OF KNOWLEDGE Philosophy can also be specialized into various sub- disciplines that examine specific areas of knowledge.  Specialized Areas: Philosophy can zoom in on specific subjects.  Different Methods and Questions: Each specialized area has its own way of asking and answering questions. AS AN EXAMINATION OF A PARTICULAR AREA OF KNOWLEDGE Examples: Choosing a Career: Let's say you're thinking about what you want to do after senior high school. Ethical Choices: Imagine you find a lost wallet full of money. AS A DISCIPLINE Philosophy is not just a meta-discipline that analyzes other fields; it is also a distinct area of study with its own subject matter. 1. Aesthetics: Study of beauty, art, and taste. 2. Logic: Study of valid reasoning and argumentation. 3. Epistemology: Study of knowledge, belief, and truth. 4. Ethics: Study of moral right and wrong. AS A DISCIPLINE 5. Political Philosophy: Study of justice, government, and the rights and obligations of citizens. 6. Metaphysics: Study of the nature of reality, including the relationship between mind and body, substance and accident, events and causation. 7. Philosophy of a Human Person: Study of human nature, identity, and the fundamental questions about human existence.