Pharynx Anatomy PDF

Pharynx Pharynx It is a common passage for air and food Superior end of respiratory & digestive tube Extends between C1‐C6 12‐ 15cm long Dimensions‐ Length‐ 12‐14 cm Width‐ At base‐ 3.5 cm At pharyngo‐ esophageal junction‐ 1.5 cm  Pharynx Superiorly: body of the sphe...

Pharynx Pharynx It is a common passage for air and food Superior end of respiratory & digestive tube Extends between C1‐C6 12‐ 15cm long Dimensions‐ Length‐ 12‐14 cm Width‐ At base‐ 3.5 cm At pharyngo‐ esophageal junction‐ 1.5 cm  Pharynx Superiorly: body of the sphenoid, basilar portion of the ocipital bone Anteriorly: through the posterior nasal aperture it communicates with the nasal cavity, through the oropharyngeal isthmus it communicates with the oral cavity, through the laryengeal inlet it communicates with the larynx Inferiorly: it is continous with the esophagus Posteriorly: C1‐C6 longus capitis longus coli, prevertebral fascia  Pharynx Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx  Nasopharynx Behind the nasal cavity above the soft palate Anteriorly: related to nasal cavity Posteriorly: C1 Superiorly: Base of the skull Inferiorly: oropharynx  Nasopharynx ‐ pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube (tuba auditiva) ‐ tubal elevation (torus tubarius) ‐ salpingopharyngeal fold ‐ salpingopalatine fold ‐ pharyngeal recess ‐ Pharyngeal tonsil  Pharyngeal Isthmus [Nasopharyngeal Isthmus] An opening bounded anteriorly by the soft palate and posteriorly by the posterior wall of pharynx ( Passavant’s ridge). It allows them to breathe through either the nose or the mouth and, when medically necessary, allows food to be passed to the esophagus by nasal tubes. Oropharynx Anteriorly: related to oral cavity Posteriorly: level of body of C2 vertebra and upper part of C3 Superiorly: nasopharynx Inferiorly:laryngopharyx Palatine tonsils Located between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches Arterial supply 1. Tonsillar br. of facial artery 2. Branch from lingual artery 3. Ascending pharyngeal artery 4. Ascending palatine artery Palatine tonsil Laryngopharynx Extends from the upper border of epiglottic cartilage to the lower border of cricoid cartilage of larynx Anteriorly: related to laryngeal inlet, posterior surface of arytenoid and cricoid cartilage of larynx Posteriorly: C3‐ C6 vertebra Superiorly: oropharynx Inferiorly: esophagus Muscles of the pharynx facilitates passage of the food bolus inferiorly, from the pharynx towards the esophagus, during the act of deglutition. 3 pairs of constrictors muscles * Superior constrictor * Middle constrictor * Inferior constrictor 3 pairs of longitudinal muscles * Stylopharyngeus * Palatopharyngeus * Salpingopharyngeus Superior constrictor muscle O: medial pterygoid plate,pterygomandibular raphe, mandibula & side of tongue I: tendinous raphe N: pharyngeal plexus Middle constrictor muscle glossopharngeal n is located in between digastric and stylopharygeus O: greater & lesser horns of the hyoid bone I: tendinous raphe N: pharyngeal plexus Inferior constrictor muscle O: thyroid & cricoid cartilage of larynx I: tendinous raphe N: pharyngeal plexus Salpingopharyngeus muscle O: cartilage of the auditory tube I: walls of the pharynx N: pharyngeal plexus Palatopharyngeus muscle O: posterior part of the hard palate I: walls of the pharynx N: pharyngeal plexus Stylopharyngeus muscle O: styloid process of temporal bone I: walls of the pharynx N: Glossopharyengeal nerve The retropharyngeal lymph nodes are an important component of the lymphatic system located in the retropharyngeal space, which is situated behind the pharynx. These lymph nodes are involved in the drainage of lymph from several regions of the head and neck.