Pharmacology Final Exam PDF

**1. Ciprofloxacin: Complications -- PG 377** - **Adverse Effects**: Tendon rupture, photosensitivity, GI upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), superinfection (thrush, vaginal yeast) - **Client Education**: - Avoid sun exposure; use sunscreen & protective clothing. "Photosensi...

**1. Ciprofloxacin: Complications -- PG 377** - **Adverse Effects**: Tendon rupture, photosensitivity, GI upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), superinfection (thrush, vaginal yeast) - **Client Education**: - Avoid sun exposure; use sunscreen & protective clothing. "Photosensitivity" - Take with water & food and avoid dairy products or antacids (take 6 hrs. before or 2 hrs. after). - Report tendon pain, swelling & redness immediately. - Observe for cottage cheese or curd-like lesions on the mouth or genital - Stop taking the medication & report to the provider if any of these occur. **2. Adverse Effects and Side Effects** **Medication** **Adverse/Side Effects** ------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- **Colchicine-PG 265** GI upset (abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting), rhabdomyolysis (muscle pain), suppressed bone marrow. **Furosemide-PG 143** Hypokalemia, ototoxicity, dehydration (low electrolytes), hypotension, decrease in HDL & increase in LDL/triglycerides. **Hydroxychloroquine- PG 262** Retinal damage (blindness), hair loss, GI upset, skin rash. **Cephalexin -- PG 364** Allergic reaction (rash, hypotension, urticaria, dyspnea), pain at site, pseudomembranous colitis, renal insufficiency, GI upset. **Diazepam- PG 119** CNS depression, physical dependency, paradoxical response, acute toxicity, respiratory depression. **IV Rifampin- PG 382** Hepatotoxicity (jaundice, anorexia, fatigue), orange-red body fluids, GI upset, pseudomembranous colitis **Ondansetron- PG 2210** Headache, diarrhea, dizziness, QT prolongation. **Sulfonamides (Bactrim) - PG 375** Hypersensitivity (rash, stevens-johnsons), blood dyscrasias, hyperkalemia, kernicterus, crystalluria. **Chemotherapy** Nausea, vomiting, alopecia, bone marrow suppression, mucositis. **Nitroglycerin- PG 169** Headache, orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, tolerance. **Aluminum hydroxide- PG 216** Constipation/diarrhea, fluid retention, alkalosis, toxicity/hypermagnesemia, phosphate depletion. **Lactulose -- PG 222** Dehydration, Diarrhea, abdominal cramping, electrolyte imbalance. **Diphenhydramine- PG 138** Sedation, constipation, dry mouth, seizures, urinary retention, hallucinations, incoordination, tachycardia, pupil dilation. **3. Gout Medications -- PG 265-266** - **Allopurinol**: Chronic management, adverse effects include rash, fever, GI upset, kidney injury, liver injury, increase in attack. - **Colchicine**: Acute attacks, adverse effects include GI distress, rhabdomyolysis, bone marrow suppression. **4. Hydrochlorothiazide Administration Instructions -- PG 145** - Take in the morning to avoid nocturia, if twice dosing take before 1400 - Weigh daily, notify provider if weight gain more than 3 lbs. - Consume foods high in potassium, monitor potassium levels. - Take w/ food or after meals if GI upset occurs. - Stay hydrated (1,500 mL daily) **5. Corticosteroids: Therapeutic Effects -- PG 262-263** - Reduces inflammation/pain, suppresses immune response, delays disease progression. - **Adverse Effects**: Hyperglycemia, weight gain, infection risk, fluid retention, hypokalemia, osteoporosis, GI discomfort/ulcer adrenal insufficiency. **6. Lisinopril: Priority Findings -- PG 151** - Monitor for angioedema (swelling of lips/tongue). - Check blood pressure and potassium levels. **7. Penicillin Reaction -- PG 363** - **Priority Action**: Stop infusion immediately, assess airway, and administer epinephrine for anaphylaxis. **8. Drug-to-Drug Interactions -- PG 397-399 & PG 363 & 364** - **Ginkgo Biloba:** Interfere with coagulation (heparin, warfarin, NSAIDS), Interfere with meds that lowers seizure threshold (antihistamines, antidepressants like imipramine, and antipsychotics) \-- REVIEW MEDS UNDER THESE CATEGORIES -- KNOW SOME NAMES TO RECOGNIZE. - **St. John's Worts:** Decreased effectiveness (birth control, cyclosporine, warfarin, digoxin, calcium channel blockers, steroids, etc), Serotonin syndrome combined with antidepressants, amphetamine, cocaine. \-- REVIEW MEDS UNDER THESE CATEGORIES -- KNOW SOME NAMES TO RECOGNIZE. - **Cephalexin + Penicillin Allergy**: Cross-sensitivity possible; use with caution**. DO NOT USE** cephalexin if a person has a penicillin allergy & vice versa. **9. Vancomycin Indications -- PG 365-367** - Treats MRSA, C. difficile. - **Monitor**: Peak (30-60 min after infusion) & trough (before next dose) levels, renal function (creatine, BUN, I&O). **10. Glucosamine Purpose -- PG 398** - Used for joint health and osteoarthritis. - Stimulates cells to make cartilage & synovial fluid. **11. Methotrexate: Nursing Actions -- PG 262** - Monitor CBC, liver/kidney function (anorexia, jaundice, abdominal fullness), GI ulcers early finding of toxicity (inspect mouth for signs of bleeding), pregnancy tests. - Educate on infection prevention, take folic acid to reduce GI and hepatotoxicity, avoid during pregnancy, use soft toothbrush and avoid alcohol. **12. Phenytoin Instructions & Purpose -- PG 97-102** - Take at the same time daily, maintain therapeutic range (10-20 mcg/mL), strict adherence, doses are individualized (starts with 3 pills daily, then once daily). - **Purpose:** Controls seizures **13. Enteric-Coated Aspirin -- PG 279-280** - Do not crush or chew; swallow whole. **14. Digoxin Toxicity Priority Action -- PG 163-164** - Hold for HR \