Blockchain Driven Supply Chain Management PDF

Blockchain Driven Supply Chain Management The Application Potential of Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain and Logistics Pertemuan 6  Introduction Blockchain technology was presented for the first time in 2008 in the document written by Satoshi Nakamoto...

Blockchain Driven Supply Chain Management The Application Potential of Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain and Logistics Pertemuan 6  Introduction Blockchain technology was presented for the first time in 2008 in the document written by Satoshi Nakamoto (2008) as peer-to-peer electronic cash system to develop the first fully distributed cryptocurrency, namely Bitcoin, which radically changes existing payment systems Since introducing the first cryptocurrency, blockchain technology has drastically expanded with potential use-cases being identified across a myriad of sectors including finance, healthcare, energy, government and manufacturing Blockchain technology with the integration of other emerging technologies provides not only the capability of capturing both mapping data (transparency) and operational data (traceability) throughout the supply chain ecosystem, it also optimizes business transactions and fosters trading relationships with ecosystem participants. Therefore, it is important to understand the application potentials of blockchain  Apa itu Blockchain? Sistem pencatatan transaksi (berupa program dan algoritma komputer terkini) Pencatatan transaksi dilakukan secara berurutan dengan memperhatkan catatan transaksi sebelumnya dan catatan-catatan tersebut dikunci dengan password (sistem kriprografi) Catatan transaksi kemudian dibagikan ke semua pihak yang terkait (peer) sehingga semuanya melihat isi catatan yang benar, tidak bisa dimanipulasi secara sepihak 3 Copyright © BRAIN IPB Blockchain: Sistem pencatatan yang Terpercaya, Transparan, dan Traceable Copyright © BRAIN IPB Copyright © BRAIN IPB  Perbedaan Catatan Terpusat dan Terdistribusi Common General Distributed General Ledger Ledger 5 5 5 1 0 10 7 7 6 Copyright © BRAIN IPB  Komponen Utama Blockchain Blok (Blocks): berisi sejumlah transaksi (data), hash, dan hash dari blok sebelumnya Node: Setiap komputer yang terhubung ke jaringan blockchain disebut node. Node-node ini berfungsi untuk memverifikasi dan menyebarkan transaksi baru ke dalam jaringan. Kunci Publik dan Privat: Kunci publik digunakan untuk mengenkripsi pesan atau transaksi, sedangkan kunci privat digunakan untuk mendekripsi pesan yang dienkripsi atau menandatangani transaksi. 8 Copyright © BRAIN IPB  Hash pada Blockchain Hash adalah suatu kode dari hasil proses enkripsi yang umumnya terdiri dari huruf maupun angka yang acak. Berfungsi untuk mengamankan dan melindungi data di dalam blok dengan memastikan bahwa setiap perubahan pada data akan menghasilkan hash yang berbeda, sehingga memungkinkan mencegah manipulasi atau perubahan yang tidak sah. SHA-256 adalah algoritma hash kriptografis yang menghasilkan nilai hash dengan panjang 256-bit, yang merupakan nilai hash standar yang digunakan dalam banyak blockchain 9 Copyright © BRAIN IPB  Ilustrasi Blockchain 1 2 3 Hash: 3L3H Hash: 5B7C Hash: 3R4N Previous hash: Previous hash : Previous hash : 0000 3L3H 5B7C First block “Genesis Block” 1 Copyright © 0 BRAIN IPB Apa yang Terjadi Jika Data Diubah pada Satu Pihak 1 2 3 Hash: Hash: Hash: 3L3H 5B7C 3R0 3R4N R Previous has: Previous has: Previous has: 0000 3L3H 5B7C ? 1 Copyright © 1 BRAIN IPB  Nilai hash Blockchain dapat mengidentifikasi sebuah blok secara unik dan akurat. Setiap node di Blockchain dapat memperoleh nilai hash dari blok ini melalui kalkulasi hash sederhana, dan nilai hash yang dihitung tidak berubah, yang berarti bahwa informasi di dalam blok tersebut tetap utuh. The Public Key and Private Key In fact, the public key is used to encrypt/verify the seal. The private key belongs to you only, and you must be very careful to keep it, preferably with a password. The private key is used to decrypt/sign and is owned by the individual For senders, the private key is used to sign the information, and the information receiver’s public key is used to encrypt the information. For the information receiver, the sender’s public key is used to verify the sender’s identity, and the private key is used to decrypt the encrypted message. Cara Kerja Blockchain Copyright © BRAIN IPB  Smart Contract Smart Contract adalah program komputer yang secara otomatis mengeksekusi isi dari sebuah kontrak ketika kondisi tertentu terpenuhi. Smart contract biasanya otomatis dijalankan, artinya mereka dapat secara otomatis mengeksekusi isi dari sebuah kontrak tanpa perlu adanya perantara atau intervensi manual. Mereka dapat digunakan untuk memfasilitasi, memverifikasi, dan menegakkan negosiasi atau pelaksanaan dari sebuah kontrak. Dengan adanya smart contract, blockchain tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai catatan digital, tetapi juga sebagai wadah untuk mengeksekusi dan menegakkan kontrak secara otomatis. Ini membuka peluang untuk berbagai inovasi di berbagai sektor industri. 1 Copyright © 6 BRAIN IPB  Contoh Smart Contract for Supply Chain sederhana static class Product { int id; String name; int 1. Kelas yang quantity; public Product(int id, String name, int merepresentasikan quantity) { this.id = id; produk dalam supply this.name = name; chain this.quantity = quantity; } public String calculateHash() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException { String data = id + name + quantity; MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256"); byte[] hash = digest.digest(data.getBytes()); 2. menghitung hash dari StringBuilder hexString = new StringBuilder(); data produk for (byte b : hash) { menggunakan algoritma String hex = SHA-256 Integer.toHexString(0xff & b); if (hex.length() == 1) hexString.append('0'); hexString.append(hex); } Copyright © BRAIN IPB return hexString.toString(); Blockchain in Supply Chain and Logistics Blockchain technology is a demonstrable successful solution for information communication, control and management of the supply chain that enables monitoring of the entire product life cycle and it is an ideal tool to revolutionize supply chain management. by using blockchain technology, companies can build productive relationships among business partners, make trade more transparent to customers, avoid making mistakes, quickly assess data and track quality problems that may occur across the supply chain. Blockchain has greater impact on the supply chain performance, in terms of cost, quality, speed, reliability, risk reduction and flexibility as well as sustainability  Blockchain in Supply Chain and Logistics https://explorer.te-food.com/ Switzerland’s supermarket chains, Migros has also recently launched a Hyperledger Fabric based blockchain solution with the cooperation of TE-FOOD in order to offer safety and transparency Migros implemented blockchain technology to optimize food processes, to enhance faster distribution and to reduce food waste Blockchain in Supply Chain and The IBM Food Trust (https://www.ibm.com/blockchain/resources/food-trust/demo) Logistics program expanded with the cooperation of Carrefour in France and launched Europe’s first food blockchain to digitally track the movement of Carrefour’s Quality Line products. Consumers can get information about the origin of the product by scanning a Quick Response Code (QR code) on the package and installing the blockchain application on their smart phones: where and how each animal was reared, the name of the farmer, what feed was used (locally grown cereals and soya beans, on GMO-free products, etc.), what treatments were used (antibioticfree), any quality labels (organic, free-range, etc.) and where they were slaughtered. Blockchain Rantai Pasok Bawang Merah  Ketahanan Pangan https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kWozBtKT1jo Blockchain Sugar  Smart Logistics Blockchain Rantai Pasok Industri Halal  SWOT Analysis of Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain and Strengths (S) Logistics Weaknesses (W) Provides transparency throughout the supply Technology maturity chain network Access difficulties among ecosystem No need of authority/intermediary for participants transaction Integration with legacy system applications All commercial transactions are verified (such as ERP, Provides efficiency in business processes SaaS and supply chain applications) Decentralized consensus approach Lack of industry standards High quality and proof-of-data Low capacity and processing speed Provides higher productivity Property issue Low cost and risk Latest digital technology but not advanced Fast and secure ledger system Scalability and compatibility High security and data privacy Security against cyber criminals Trustless, no need to trust a third party Storage issues Enable trust unreliable networks Change management Durability (no single point of failure)  SWOT Analysis of Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain and Logistics Opportunities (O) Threats (T) Automation New technology, further research is required Optimization of business processes and application potential needs to be proved Eliminating the need for trust Eliminated existing bank functions Faster secure (international) payment Requires government agencies to be willing to transfers implement Accelerates transactions Applications require high investments Improved real-time customer experience Requires large regulatory impact Increased product and service quality Requires compliance with laws and Brings innovation in every sector regulations Instant agreements can be made Confidentiality and security concerns Streamlining know-your-customer processes Time - lost during negotiation Triggers new collaborations Uncertainty about its impact Does not require trust from rating agencies Distributed systems Capturing new opportunities with IoT and Insufficient human resources other emerging technologies Programmable consensus mechanisms Smart contracts in blockchain ecosystem SWOT Analysis of Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain and Logistics