People As Resource Notes .pdf

Economics - people as resources  People as resource Meaning : it refers to working people in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities of a country Analysis of human capital : human capital contributes to the growth of the countries GDP with the increase in...

Economics - people as resources  People as resource Meaning : it refers to working people in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities of a country Analysis of human capital : human capital contributes to the growth of the countries GDP with the increase in the production capabilities of an individual. While at the same time, the resource can also be negative impact on the country with bringing in more of health issues, education issues, unemployment, issues, and food problems to the country Human resource, if coupled with education and health, we call it as human capital formation that adds to the productive power of of the country and also yields a return Green revolution : it, is a dramatic example of how improved production technologies were used to increase the productivity of the scarces land resources, Human capital is superior to land and physical capital For many decades, human capital was seen as a burden, but these burden can be turned into assets by adequate education, health, care and training 1. Story of Sakal - converting human capital 2. Story of villas. - burden with investments made on her education and health can yield the high return in future in the form of high earnings and greater contribution to the society Educated parents tend to invest more highly in the education of their children because they know the importance of education There are also conscious of good nutrition and hygiene Vicious cycle may be created by disadvantage. Parents who themselves are uneducated and lacking in hygiene. Keep the children in a similarly disadvantage stage. Countries like Japan were not always developed. They have invested on people, especially in the field of education and health. These people have made efficient use of other resources like land and capital Especially in the field of education and health, these people have made efficient use of other resources like land and capital. efficiency and technology evolved by people have made this country deployed Economic activities by men and women : the various activities have been classified into three main sector Primary : includes agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishing secondary : Includes manufacturing Tertiary : include Trade ,transport, communication, tourism the activities in this sector results to the production of goods and services. These activities # add value to the national income. these activities are called as economic activities. Economic activities have two parts, market activities and non-market activities. Market activities: these activities involve remuneration to anyone who performs IE activity performed for pay or profit Non-market activities : these activities are for the production of self consumption. These can be consumption and processing of primary products and own account, production of fixed assets. a persons earning depends on the basis of education and skill education gives you wider scope and opportunities Based on the women workforce, most women have low education and skill formation due to which most women are paid low, compare to men They earn less and they have no job security in this sector, there is an absence of basic facilities like maternity leave, childcare, and other social security systems however, woman with high education and skill formation are paid at par with men in this sector woman, mostly go to medicine or teaching Quality of population the quality of population depends upon the literacy rate, health of a person indicated by life expectancy, and skill formation acquired by the people of the country The quality of the population ultimately decides the growth rate of the country, literate and health population are an assets Education : it opens, new horizons, provides new aspiration and developed values of life Education contributes towards the growth of society, it enhances the national income, cultural richness, and increases the efficiency of governance There is also an establishment of pace setting of schools like Navodaya Vidyalaya( girls only school ) in each district vocational streams have been developed to equip large number of high schools. Students with occupations relate to knowledge and skill The plan, outlay on education has increased from ₹151, crore in the first plan to ₹99,300 crore in 2020-2021 The expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP rose from 0.64% in 1951-52 to 3.1% in 2019-20 And has remained stagnant around 3% from past few years the expansion on education as a percent of GDP has declined to 2.8% in 2020-21 The literacy rates have increased from 18% in 1951 to 85% in 2018 literacy is not only a right citizens were performing the duties and also enjoying the ride Literacy among males is nearly 16.1% higher than females and it is about 14.2% higher in urban areas as compare to rural areas Primary school system has expanded to over 7,78,842 in 2019-20 sarva siksha abhiyan was imparted to all the school children from the age of 16 to 14 years during the year 2010 Was introduced by the central government in the state government and the local governments government  bridge courses and back to school camps were introduced Mid-day meal schemes were introduced by the school to improve the attendance of the children These policies could add to the literacy improvement of India The gross enrolment ratio GER in higher education in the age group of 18 to 23 years is 27% in 2019-20 the strategy focuses on increasing access quality, education, and curriculum modification. There is also focus on distance education and IT enabled educational institutions. Over the past 60 years, there has been significant growth in the number of universities and institutions of higher learning in specialised areas Health : health is an indispensable basis of realising one’s well-being Improvement in one health status of the population has been the priority of the country Our national policy to aims at improving the accessibility of healthcare, family welfare, and nutritional services with a special focus on the underprivileged segment of the population Over the last five decades, India has built a vast health infrastructure and has also developed the manpower required at primary secondary and territory sector in government there are only 542 medical colleges, 330 dental colleges, four states, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu with maximum number of medical college Unemployment The workforce population is between the age group of 15 years to 59 years The unemployment differs in rural and urban areas in rural areas, there is seasonal and disguised unemployment. Urban areas have educated unemployment, rural area in cw Urban areas : many youth with matriculation graduation and post graduation degrees are not able to find jobs There is unemployment among technically qualified person on one hand while there is a dearth of technical skills required for economic growth Unemployment leads to wastage of resource, therefore, people become a liability instead of a asset Unemployment tends to increase economic workload Increase in unemployment is a indicator of a depressed economy it also wastes the resources which could have been gainfully employed if people cannot be used as resource, then actually appear as a liability to the economy agriculture is the most labour observing sector of the economic. In recent years. There has been a decline in the dependence of population on agriculture, partly because of disguised unemployment. Some of the circus labour in agriculture have has moved to either the secondary or the territory sector. In the secondary sector. Small scale manufacturing is the most labour observing. in the case of territory sector. Various new services are now appearing like biotechnology, information technology, and so on.