Anatomy I 2024 PDF

‫‪2024‬‬ ‫‪2023‬‬ ‫·‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪154‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪Si‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪ig‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪Jos‬‬ ‫! ‪:Y‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬...

‫‪2024‬‬ ‫‪2023‬‬ ‫·‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪154‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪Si‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪ig‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪Jos‬‬ ‫! ‪:Y‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪na‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪my‬‬ ‫‪ii‬‬ ‫اطلب العلم وال تكسل‪ ،‬فما أبعد الخير عن أهل الكسل‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫*‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬ ‫"‬ ‫‪g, -‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫↑‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫⑤‬ ‫‪#‬‬ Loading… Loading…  Bony parts of UL Pectoral Girdle – Clavicle – Scapula Arm – Humerus Forearm – Radius – Ulna Wrist – Carpal bones Hand – Metacarpals – Phalanges I. Anatomy of Shoulder joint (Bones & Ligaments)  Pectoral/shoulder Girdle (‫الكتف‬/‫)حزام الصدر‬ Formed of Two Bones: Anterior: Clavicle (‫)الترقوة‬ Posterior: Scapula (‫)الكتف‬ It is very light and allows the upper limb to have exceptionally free movement.  Clavicle Bone Long, Horizontal & double curved bone Elongated Capital letter (S). Loading… Lies horizontal across the root of the neck Subcutaneous throughout its length ⑨ No medullary cavity.  Clavicle Bone Has Two Ends – Medial (Sternal) : enlarged & triangular. – Lateral (Acromial) : flattened. Body (shaft) – Its medial 2/3) is convex forward. – Its lateral 1/3 is concave forward. Surfaces – Superior smooth as it lies just deep to the skin. – Inferior rough because strong ligaments bind it to the 1st rib  Clavicle Bone Functions: – Rigid support to shoulder joint – Muscles attachment – Maximum freedom of movement. – Force transmission from the upper limb to the axial skeleton. – Forms a boundary of the Cervicoaxillary canal for protection of the UL neurovascular bundle  Clavicle articulations (joints) Medially: – The manubrium at the Sternoclavicular joint Laterally: – The Scapula at the Acromioclavicular joint Inferiorly: – 1st rib at the Costoclavicular Joint Clavicle movements  Scapula (Shoulder Blade) Triangular Flat bone between the 2nd - 7th ribs Three Processes: – Spine Thick projecting ridge of bone that continues laterally. – Acromion forms the subcutaneous point of the shoulder. – Coracoid a beaklike process Three Borders: – Superior – Medial (Vertebral) – Lateral (Axillary)  Scapula (Shoulder Blade) Three Angles: – Superior – Lateral Contains Glenoid cavity. – Inferior Two Surfaces: – Convex Posterior (divided by spine into): Small Supraspinous Fossa Large Infraspinous Fossa – Concave Anterior (costal) Subscapular Fossa g ↑ ⑧  Scapula (Shoulder Blade) Functions: – Muscles attachment – Maximum freedom of – movement. The glenoid cavity a forms the socket of the shoulder joint  Scapular Ligaments Intrascapular: – Coracoacromial ligament With Clavicle: – = -Acroclavicular ligament Acromioclavicular – Coracoclavicular ligaments Trapezoid Conoid With Humerus: – Coracohumeral ligament – Glenohumeral ligament Superior Middle Inferior  Scapular articulations (Joints) With Clavicle: – Acroclavicular Joint A joint With Humerus: – Glenohumeral Joint shoulder joint With Ribs: – Scapulothoracic Joint  Scapular movements Rotation: – Internal (Retraction) – External (Protraction) Vertical Axis: Loading… – Upper (Elevation) – Lower (Depression) Horizontal: – Anterior – Posterior 3 Humerus ↑  Humerus General Anatomy The longest bone in the UL Smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula (shoulder joint) um  Humerus Main landmarks Proximal (upper part) – & Head – & Anatomical & Surgical necks – & Greater Tubercle – * Lesser tubercle – g Intertubercular sulcus (groove) Middle (Shaft) – Deltoid tuberosity Distal (Lower part) – * Medial Epicondyle – J Lateral Epicondyle – j Radial fossa – J Coronoid fossa – g Capitulum · Trocklea  Proximal humeral Ligaments With Scapula: – Coracohumeral ligament – Glenohumeral ligament Superior Middle Inferior Proximal humerus movements II. Muscles of Proximal Upper Limb  A. Muscular attachments of UL with Axial Skeleton Trapezius Latissimus Dorsi Levator Scapulae Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor  B. Muscles of pectoral region Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Subclavius Serratus anterior  C. Muscles of Shoulder Gridle Deltoid Rotator cuff muscles – Supraspinatus – Infraspinatus – – Subscapularis Teres Minor 8 Teres major A. Muscular attachments of UL with Axial Skeleton 1. Trapezius muscle Th - Th - & T & -  1. Trapezius muscle (Anatomy) ORIGIN: – Upper : External occipital protuberance + Superior nuchal line – Middle: T1 – T4 Thoracic · vertebrae – Lower: T5 – T12 INSERTION: – Upper: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle – Middle: Medial margin of acromion – Lower: Spine of scapula Nerve Supply: – XI cranial nerve (Spinal Accessory.N) #  1. Trapezius muscle (Functions) ACTIONS: – D Elevates The Scapula Upper fibbers: – Middle fibbers: All Retracts The Scapula – A Depresses The Scapula Lower fibbers: 2. Latissimus dorsi  2. Latissimus dorsi muscle (Anatomy) ORIGIN: – Posterior layer of thoraco-lumbar fascia – Spinous processes of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae – Lower edge of scapula Inferior angle INSERTION: bicipital – Intertubercular groove of the humerus = groove Nerve Supply: – THORACO-DORSAL N. (C6,C7,C8)  2. Latissimus dorsi muscle (Functions) ACTIONS: – Shoulder Extension – Shoulder Medial Rotation – Shoulder Adduction 3. Levator scapulae muscle  3. Levator scapulae muscle (Anatomy & Function) ORIGIN: – Transvers processes of upper 4 cervical vertebrae (C1 – C4) - > errical vertebra INSERTION: – Medial upper border of the scapula (superior angle) Nerve supply: – C3,C4,C5 Nerves Actions: – Elevate medial border of scapula 4. Rhomboidus minor muscle  4. Rhomboidus minor muscle (Anatomy & Function) ORIGIN: – Spinous process of C7 & T1 vertebrae & & & INSERTION: – Medial border of the scapula (at Spine root) Nerve supply: – Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C4, C5) Actions: – Scapula adduction (retraction) – Medial rotation of Scapula (Down rotation of glenoid cavity)  5. Rhomboidus major muscle (Anatomy & Function) ORIGIN: – Spinous process of T2-T5 vertebrae INSERTION: – Medial border of the scapula (below Spine) Nerve supply: – Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C4, C5) - Actions: – Scapula adduction (retraction) – Medial rotation of Scapula (Down rotation of glenoid cavity) 2 B. Muscles of pectoral region 6. Pectoralis Major muscle  6. Pectoralis Major muscle (Anatomy) ORIGIN: – Clavicular Head: Anterior surface of medial clavicle – Sternocostal Head: Anterior surface of Sternum & Upper 6 costal cartilages INSERTION: – Intertubercular groove (Bicipital) of humerus Nerve supply: – Medial & Lateral Pectoral Nerve (C5-C8 & T1)  6. Pectoralis Major muscle (Functions) ACTIONS: – Shoulder Flexion – Shoulder Medial Rotation – Shoulder Adduction 7. Pectoralis Minor muscle  7. Pectoralis Minor muscle (Anatomy) ORIGIN: – 3rd – 5th ribs (costochondral junction) INSERTION: – Medial Upper surface of Coracoid process (Scapula) Nerve supply: – Medial Pectoral Nerve (C8)  7. Pectoralis Minor muscle (Functions) ACTIONS: – Scapula stabilization – Draws Scapula forwards – Draws Scapula downwards 8. Subclavius muscle  8. Subclavius muscle (Anatomy & Function) ORIGIN: – 1st rib at costochondral joint INSERTION: – Subclavian groove of clavicle Nerve supply: – Subclavius Nerve (C5 & C6) Actions: – Stabilizes clavicle 9. Serratus Anterior muscle  9. Serratus Anterior (Anatomy & Function) ORIGIN: – Outer surface of first 8 ribs INSERTION: – Medial border Inferior angle of Scapula Nerve supply: – Long Thoracic Nerve Actions: – Draws scapula forwards (Protraction) – Shoulder abduction > 90* C. Muscles of Shoulder Gridle 10. Deltoid muscle  10. Deltoid muscle (Anatomy) ORIGIN: – Anterior part: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle – Middle part: lateral margin and superior surface of the acromion of scapula – Posterior part: Lateral 1/3 of the spine of scapula INSERTION: – Deltoid tuberosity of humerus shaft Nerve supply: – Axillary Nerve (C5 & C6)  10. Deltoid muscle (Functions) ACTIONS: – Anterior fibres Flexion & Medial rotation of shoulder joint – Middle fibres Abduction of shoulder joint – Posterior fibres Extension & Lateral rotation of shoulder joint of shoulder joint 11. Supraspinatus muscle  11. Supraspinatus muscle (Anatomy & Function) ORIGIN: – Supraspinous fossa INSERTION: – Greater Tuberculous of humerus Nerve supply: – Suprascapular Nerve (C5 & C6) Actions: – Initiate shoulder abduction (15*) – Stabilizes shoulder joint 12. Infraspinatus muscle  12. Infraspinatus muscle (Anatomy & Function) ORIGIN: – Infraspinous fossa INSERTION: – Greater Tuberculous of humerus Nerve supply: – Suprascapular Nerve (C5 & C6) Actions: – Lateral rotation of shoulder – Stabilizes shoulder joint 13. Teres Minor muscle  13. Teres Minor muscle (Anatomy & Function) ORIGIN: – Lateral Dorsal border of Scapula INSERTION: – Greater Tuberculous of humerus Nerve supply: – Axillary Nerve (C5 & C6) Actions: – Lateral rotation of shoulder – Stabilizes shoulder joint – Weak adduction of shoulder 14. Subscapularis muscle  14. Subscapularis muscle (Anatomy & Function) ORIGIN: – Subscapular fossa of Scapula INSERTION: – Lesser Tuberculous of humerus Nerve supply: Loading… – Upper & Lower Subscapular Nerves (C5 & C6) Actions: – Medial rotation of shoulder – Stabilizes shoulder joint – Adduction of shoulder 15. Teres Major muscle  15. Teres Major muscle (Anatomy & Function) ORIGIN: – Inferior Dorsal border of Scapula INSERTION: – Intertubercular groove (Bicipital) of humerus Nerve supply: – Lower Subscapular(C5 & C6) Actions: – Medial rotation of shoulder – Extension of shoulder – Adduction of shoulder III. Movements of Shoulder joint Thank You