Past Time English Grammar PDF

CHAPTER CONTENT CONTENTS Preview 2-1 Expressing past time: the simple past 2-2 Spelling of –ing and –ed forms 2-3 The principal parts of a verb 2-4 Common irregular verbs: a reference lis...

CHAPTER CONTENT CONTENTS Preview 2-1 Expressing past time: the simple past 2-2 Spelling of –ing and –ed forms 2-3 The principal parts of a verb 2-4 Common irregular verbs: a reference list 2-5 Regular verbs: pronunciation of –ed endings 2-6 Simple past and past progressive 2-7 Expressing past time: using time clauses 2-8 Expressing past habit: used to 1  CHAPTER CONTENT CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW Alada rides the bus to work. Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet. Today she is taking extra clothes to work. 2  CHAPTER CONTENT CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW Alada rides the bus to work. Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet. Today she is taking extra clothes to work. PRESENT TENSE 3  CHAPTER CONTENT CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW Alada rides the bus to work. Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet. Today she is taking extra clothes to work. PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE 4  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST We graduated from college in 2010. 5  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (a) Our family ate lunch outside yesterday. (b) Adrianna studied for six hours last night. 6  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (a) Our family ate lunch outside yesterday. (b) Adrianna studied for six hours last night. activities or situations SIMPLE PAST began and ended in the past (yesterday, last night, in 2007) 7  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (c) They watched the movie last night. (d) Alexandra answered the question yesterday. watch + ed = watched answer + ed = answered 8  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (e) We slept in tents at camp last summer. 9  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (e) We slept in tents at camp last summer. (f) I understood most of the directions yesterday. Irregular past: sleep slept understand understood eat ate 10  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (g) I was a lifeguard last summer. (h) They were in Belgium last month. Simple past forms of be was and were 11  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST REGULAR VERBS STATEMENT I-You-She-He-It-We-They started school last week. NEGATIVE I-You-She-He-It-We-They did not start school last week. 12  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST REGULAR VERBS QUESTION Did I-you-she-he-it-we-they start school last week? SHORT Yes, I-you-she-he-it-we-they did. ANSWER No, I-you-she-he-it-we-they didn’t. 13  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST BE- VERB STATEMENT I-She-He-It was home last week. We-You-They were home last week. NEGATIVE I-She-He-It was not home last week. We-You-They were not home last week. 14  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST BE- VERB QUESTION Was I-she-he-it home last week? Were we-you-they home last week? SHORT Yes, I-she-he-it was. ANSWER Yes, we-you-they were. No, I-she-he-it- wasn’t. No, we-you-they weren’t. 15  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-1 LET’S PRACTICE They were at the movies last ? night at 8:00. is NEGATIVE STATEMENT: They _______ weren’t at the movies last night at 8:00. ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT: They were ____ at the grocery store last night at 8:00. 16  CHAPTER 2-1 LET’S PRACTICE CONTENT This airplane was made in 1625.? 1943 is NEGATIVE STATEMENT: wasn’t made in 1625. This airplane ______ ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT: This airplane was ___ made in 1943. 17  CHAPTER 2-1 LET’S PRACTICE CONTENT Did Carla get a bad grade on her test? ge ? t NEGATIVE STATEMENT: Carla ________ didn’t get a bad grade on her test. ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT: Carla ________ got an excellent grade on her test. 18  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS We are learning to speak English. 19  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? -e NO smiling (a) smile smiled hoped hope hoping -ing form: drop -e, add -ing -ed form: add -d 20  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? Two Consonants NO helping (b) help helped learned learn learning Two consonants add -ing add -ed 21  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? Two Vowels NO + One Consonant raining (c) rain rained heated heat heating Two vowels + one consonant add -ing add -ed 22  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS ONE-SYLLABLE VERBS END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? One Vowel YES + One Consonant stopping (d) stopped stop planned plan planning Double the consonant and add -ing add -ed 23  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? One Vowel NO + One Consonant visiting (e) visited vis it offered offer offering First syllable stressed add -ing add -ed 24  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? One Vowel YES + One Consonant (f) prefer preferring preferred admit admitting admitted Second syllable stressed, add -ing double the consonant add -ed 25  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? -y NO (g) play playing played enjoy enjoying enjoyed vowel + -y keep the -y 26  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? -y NO (h) worry worrying worried study studying studied consonant + -y -y + -ing -i + -ed -y 27  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS END OF VERB -ie (i) die dying died tie tying tied -ie -y + -ing add -d 28  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-2 LET’S PRACTICE rain -ING form raining ________ -ED form ________ rained 29  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-2 LET’S PRACTICE study -ING form studying _________ -ED form _________ studied 30  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-2 LET’S PRACTICE -ING form lying _____ lie -ED form _____ lied Please don’t lie to me! 31  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-3 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB They became friends. 32  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-3 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB SIMPLE FORM Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs finish see hope sing try go Simple Form No final –s, –ed, or –ing 33  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-3 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB SIMPLE PAST Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs finished saw hoped sang tried went Simple Past –ed for regular verbs 34  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-3 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB PAST PARTICIPLE Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs finished seen hoped sung tried gone Past Participle –ed for regular verbs perfect tenses & passive 35  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-3 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB PRESENT PARTICIPLE Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs finishing seeing hoping singing trying going Present Participle –ing for all verbs used with progressive tenses 36  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-4 COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST Somebody spent all my money. 37  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-4 COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST SIMPLE FORM: awake SIMPLE PAST: awoke PAST PARTICIPLE: awoken 38  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-4 COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST SIMPLE FORM: forget SIMPLE PAST: forgot PAST PARTICIPLE: forgotten 39  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-4 COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST SIMPLE FORM: shave SIMPLE PAST: shaved PAST PARTICIPLE: shaved/shaven 40  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-4 COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST SIMPLE FORM: throw SIMPLE PAST: threw PAST PARTICIPLE: thrown 41  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-4 LET’S PRACTICE SIMPLE FORM: give SIMPLE PAST: gave _____ PAST PARTICIPLE: given _____ 42  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-4 LET’S PRACTICE SIMPLE FORM: sit SIMPLE PAST: sat ___ PAST PARTICIPLE: sat ___ 43  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-4 LET’S PRACTICE SIMPLE FORM: read SIMPLE PAST: read _______ read PAST PARTICIPLE: _______ 44  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-5 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS She talked to me for an hour. talk/t/ talked 45  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-5 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS k = talk/t/ (a) talked pp stopped = stop/t/ hissed = hiss/t/ watched = watch/t/ washed = wash/t/ voiceless sound + -ed /t/ examples: /k/, /p/ 46  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-5 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS (a) talked = talk/t/ stopped = stop/t/ ss = hiss/t/ hissed ch = watch/t/ watched sh = wash/t/ washed voiceless sound + -ed /t/ examples: /k/, /p/, /s/, /ch/, /sh/ 47  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-5 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS ll = call/d/ (b) called n rained = rain/d/ lived = live/d/ robbed = rob/d/ stayed = stay/d/ voiced sound + -ed /d/ examples: /l/, /n/ 48  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-5 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS (b) called = call/d/ rained = rain/d/ v = live/d/ lived bb = rob/d/ robbed stayed y = stay/d/ voiced sound + -ed /d/ examples: /l/, /n/, /v/, /b/, all vowel sounds 49  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-5 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS t = wait / d/ (c) waited e d needed = need / d/ e “t” or “d” + -ed / d/ e 50  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-5 LET’S PRACTICE 1. /t/ ? behave__ 2. /d/ 3. / e d/ behaved 51  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-5 LET’S PRACTICE 1. /t/ behave__ /d/ 2. /d/ 3. / e d/ behaved 52  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-5 LET’S PRACTICE 1. /t/ ? plant___ 2. /d/ 3. / e d/ planted 53  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-5 LET’S PRACTICE 1. /t/ plant___ / d/e 2. /d/ 3. / e d/ planted 54  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE He ran to work yesterday. He was running when the bus drove by. 55  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE THE SIMPLE PAST X (a) Edgar ran to work yesterday. (b) Pat drove to work this morning. began and ended at particular time in the past 56  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE THE PAST PROGRESSIVE X X (c) Edgar was running when the bus drove by. (d) They were eating when I got home. in progress was/were + -ing 57  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE THE PAST PROGRESSIVE X X (e) When the bus drove by, Edgar was running. (f) The bus drove by while Edgar was running. when = at that time while = during that time 58  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE STATEMENT I-She-He-It was talking. You-We-They were talking. NEGATIVE I-She-He-It was not talking. wasn’t talking. You-We-They were not talking. weren’t talking. 59  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE QUESTION Was I-she-he-it talking ? Were you-we-they talking ? SHORT Yes, I-she-he-it was. ANSWER No, I-she-he-it wasn’t. Yes, you-we-they were. No, you-we-they weren’t. 60  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-6 LET’S PRACTICE walk were walking Yesterday, the camels ___________ in the desert. 61  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-6 LET’S PRACTICE At 8:00, we began to work. work were working At 8:30, we ____________. 62  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-6 LET’S PRACTICE wait was waiting for the bus. Marie __________ OR wait, not wasn’t waiting for a Marie _____________ plane. 63  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES Our son called while we were using the computer. 64  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES time clause main clause (a) After I exercised, I took a shower. main clause time clause (b) I took a shower after I exercised. (a) time clause main clause 65  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES time clause main clause (a) After I exercised, I took a shower. main clause time clause (b) I took a shower after I exercised. (b) main clause time clause 66  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (c) I took a shower after I exercised. (d) Before I took a shower, I exercised. after before until subject a time + = as soon as and verb clause while when 67  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (e) I exercised until I took a shower. (f) As soon as I exercised, I took a shower. until = to that time and no longer as soon as = immediately after 68  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (g) Mary came home while I was studying. (h) When Mary came home, I was studying. main clause + comma + time clause time clause + comma + main clause 69  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (i) When I rang the doorbell, it played music. First: I rang the doorbell Then: it played music when allows simple past in both clauses 70  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (j) She was learning to ski while he was playing golf. two actions at the same time past progressive okay in both 71  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-7 LET’S PRACTICE attend work were working our children While we ___________, were attending school. ____________ 72  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-7 LET’S PRACTICE fall asleep read Lynn _________ fell asleep while she __________ was reading a book. 73  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-7 LET’S PRACTICE First: I went shopping. Then: I put the food away. I went shopping I put the food away After _____________, ________________. I put the food away after I went shopping ________________ ______________. 74  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-8 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO He used to be a baby, but now he is man with a family. 75  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-8 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO (a) I used to swim every afternoon. Now I work in the afternoon. (b) Fatima used to play piano, but now she plays the violin. (c) Jasmine used to laugh, but she doesn’t anymore. used to past situations no longer exist used to + simple form of a verb 76  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-8 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO (d) Did you used to swim every afternoon? (OR Did you use to swim every afternoon?) did + subject + used to (OR did + subject + use to) 77  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-8 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO (e) I didn’t used to swim every day, but now I swim every afternoon. (f) Fatima never used to love school, but now she loves it. For negative ideas, never is more common. 78  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-8 LET’S PRACTICE Correct? The children used to swam in the ocean. 79  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-8 LET’S PRACTICE Correct? No The The children children used used to to swam swim in inthe theocean. ocean. 80  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-8 LET’S PRACTICE Correct? Were you used to ask questions in school? 81  CHAPTER CONTENT 2-8 LET’S PRACTICE Correct? No Were Did you used to ask questions in school? 82  CHAPTER CONTENT PHOTO CREDITS Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education and its licensors. All rights reserved. Images used under license from: Shutterstock, Inc. Clipart, Inc. 83