Understanding Social Welfare PDF

BALAGOSA, ZSANYNN ROSE B. BSSW 3A (SW 104) KEY ORGANIZATIONS AND FUNCTIONS LESSON 1: UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL WELFARE ORGANIZATIONAL PRIMARY SOCIAL WELFARE Social welfare...

BALAGOSA, ZSANYNN ROSE B. BSSW 3A (SW 104) KEY ORGANIZATIONS AND FUNCTIONS LESSON 1: UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL WELFARE ORGANIZATIONAL PRIMARY SOCIAL WELFARE Social welfare concept and definitions FORMS FUNCTIONS FUNCTIONS Families Procreation, Care, Financial Conceptualizing human needs and social institutions intimacy, support support Churches Spiritual Counseling, social Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs Development services ❖ Psychological survival needs: nourishment, rest, sex. ORGANIZATIONS AND FUNCTIONS warmth. ORGANIZATIONAL PRIMARY SOCIAL WELFARE ❖ Safety needs: preservation of life and sense of security FORMS FUNCTIONS FUNCTIONS ❖ Belongingness needs: to be part of a group and to love Work Employment Employee benefits and to be loved. Organizations ❖ Esteem needs: approval, respect, acceptance, Producers and Exchange of Commercial social appreciation, etc. Consumers goods/services for welfare ❖ Self actualization needs: to be able to fulfill our fullest money goods/services potential Questions to ask NASW statement of needs Degree to which human needs are met or unmet - Need for physical and mental well being This assesses the extent to which basic human needs Need to know like food, shelter, healthcare, and education are Need for justice accessible to the population. Need for economic security Degree to which problems are solved or unsolved - Need for self realization, intimacy and relationship This evaluates the effectiveness of societal systems in addressing challenges such as poverty, crime, and The NASW's identification of basic human needs provides a inequality. foundational framework for social work practice. These Degree to which opportunities are provided for needs are interconnected and often interdependent. advancement - This measures the availability of pathways for individuals to improve their economic Breakdown of the Needs and social status. 1. Need for physical and mental well-being: Encompasses Social welfare characteristics: Residual approach basic survival needs like food, shelter, and healthcare, ❖ Help provided only when needs are unmet by other as well as emotional and psychological health. institutions- family, religious institution, market, etc. 2. Need to know: Refers to access to information and ❖ Viewed as a safety net education, which empowers individuals to make ❖ Temporary and viewed as negative - SHORT TERM informed decisions. ❖ Stigma attached. It is curative - The residual approach 3. Need for justice: Implies fairness, equity, and human to social welfare often carries a stigma. People who rights for all, regardless of background or receive benefits are sometimes seen as lazy, circumstances. irresponsible, or undeserving. This negative perception 4. Need for economic security: Relates to financial can lead to shame and isolation for those in need. stability and the ability to meet basic needs without ❖ Sees poor as incompetent, second-class citizens & relying on others. provides second class services - implies that people in 5. Need for self-realization, intimacy, and relationship: poverty are inherently flawed or lacking in ability, and Emphasizes the importance of personal growth, that the services provided are inferior. This can further connection with others, and a sense of belonging. perpetuate cycles of poverty and inequality. Social institutions Social welfare: institutional/ developmental approach ❖ SW is considered as a first line defense of modern ❖ Social institutions are networks of relationships that industrialized society. - Social welfare is seen as carry out the essential social functions. Social essential for the functioning of a modern society, institutions develop around these needs. Kinship & similar to other public services like education and family, religion, workplace, market place, mutual healthcare. assistance and government, etc. are organizational ❖ Seen as normal and accepted way of fulfilling social forms. They are formalized way of providing resources needs - The institutional approach means that getting for helping to meet human needs. help from the government for things like healthcare or unemployment is seen as a normal part of life. It's like Social institutions are like the building blocks of having insurance; you expect to use it when you need it, society. They are groups or organizations that help without feeling ashamed or different. people meet their basic needs and live together ❖ No stigma attached. It is preventative. - Unlike the harmoniously. Things like families, schools, residual model, there's no shame or blame associated governments, and places of worship are examples of with needing help. The focus is on prevention and early social institutions. They provide rules, support, and intervention. resources to help people thrive. ❖ Recognizes the need for variety of social services to Social welfare: Selective and Universal services. maintain good standard of living. - A wide range of services, from education to healthcare to housing, are Selective services: Residual/minimalist essential for a high quality of life. ❖ Social problems are rooted in social structure and Means tested - Eligibility for benefits is determined by hence planned social change. - This approach assessing an individual's financial resources. recognizes that many social issues are systemic and Eligibility & benefit levels are determined on a case require changes in policies and structures to be basis - Each application is evaluated individually, and effectively addressed. benefits are tailored to specific needs. Financial assistance not a right - Access to benefits is RESIDUAL VS INSTITUTIONAL not guaranteed, and recipients may be stigmatized. Benefits paid from general revenue - Funding comes ❖ The residual welfare ameliorates the problem of the from public taxes. unfortunate classes through middle and upper class State control is important - Government agencies benevolence. - The residual approach to welfare means have significant authority in determining eligibility and that help is only given to poor people when they can't benefit levels. help themselves. This help often comes from wealthy people or organizations wanting to do good. Advantages of selective programs ❖ Institutional view considers SW as front line function Limitation on cost - By targeting specific groups in of modern society in a positive way working with other need, governments can allocate resources more institutions for a better society. - Social work is seen as efficiently. a vital part of everyday life, working alongside other Society does not pay for services if can be afforded community services to create a better society. Social privately - means that the government or public funds workers are like first responders, helping people are not used to provide services for individuals who before problems become too big. have the financial means to pay for them themselves. ❖ These concepts are reflection of broader cultural and societal conditions & values - These concepts are Universal services : institutional/developmental shaped by the way a society thinks and feels about things. They reflect the shared beliefs, values, and Available for all. E.g. public education, day care, social customs of a group of people. For example, the idea of insurance. providing help to others is influenced by a society's They are quality services that attracts all categories of overall attitude towards taking care of its members. people. ❖ American social welfare has combined both these No stigma attached. conceptions E.g. children in the U. S. are required by law to attend school Social welfare characteristics contd. ❖ Public education is a prime example of a universal ❖ Right versus charity service. It is available to all children within a specific ❖ Minimal versus optimal age range, regardless of their family's income or social ❖ Identify examples status. This approach ensures that everyone has the ❖ Discuss opportunity to acquire basic education, which is seen as essential for societal development. Right Versus Charity Charity: Often seen as voluntary and discretionary, based on Advantages of Universal Programs goodwill. Universal programs limit stigma Right: Entitled to by virtue of citizenship, a legal and moral Difficult to find fair formula to administer selective claim. program - Universal programs tend to improve itself once they ❖ In the context of social welfare, the shift from charity are established. to right implies a fundamental change in perspective. It Selective programs have limited constituency acknowledges that basic needs like housing, healthcare, and education are not privileges but entitlements. Hard Vs Soft Goods and Services Hard or concrete services are tangible goods or Minimal Versus Optimal services like food stamps, meals-on-wheels. housing, Minimal: Focuses on basic survival needs, often providing rent subsidies temporary relief. Soft services are in the forms of guidance and Optimal: Aims to enhance overall well-being, going beyond counseling to help people cope with social and basic needs to include opportunities for growth and emotional problems. They include counseling for family development. problems, psychiatric treatment for mental disorders. Hard services & poor. Soft services & higher income ❖ For instance, providing food stamps is a minimal group. approach to addressing hunger, while investing in nutrition education and food access programs represents an optimal approach. Direct and Indirect services Charity to citizen right contd. Direct services are intended to benefit the recipient immediately. E.g. family counseling, health care, etc. ❖ Political rights, initially restricted to the aristocracy Indirect services are primarily intended to improve the were extended first to the middle class, then to the general social welfare; they may also benefit the working class and finally to the women. Similarly, individual recipient. social rights in the form of Poor Law, were first E.g. education, incarceration of convicted victims restricted to the needy. As social services, they were later extended to the working class and eventually to ❖ direct services focus on individual clients, while the whole population. indirect services target broader societal issues. ❖ Marshall point out the paradox of the development of citizenship (equality) in capitalism which is a system of Public Vs Private agencies inequality. For him, welfare measures are not an Public agencies: Veterans, state mental hosp. egalitarian measure. Social services are not primarily a Private voluntary agencies like United Way, Muscular means of equalizing income. Welfare state in fact Dystrophy Association. makes inequality more acceptable and legitimate Private for-profit agencies From special to universal services Control: Federal, State, Local ❖ We tend to think of SW as special services to poor. Community control movement after the 60s New Increasingly, SW programs are developed to meet Federalism of Regan placed greater burden on states universal needs of the population. Special services tend Recently states assume more responsibility under the to isolate the poor to be inferior in quality. Universal new welfare reform (The Personal Responsibility Work services are free of stigma and integrate the poor into Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996). the society. The SSA of 1935 is the first National venture in this direction Federal Government Broad scope: Oversees national issues like defense, foreign From minimum to optimal policy, currency, and interstate commerce. ❖ There is a move from providing minimum resources to Example: Creating federal laws, collecting taxes, and the creation of optimum social environments and regulating interstate trade. resources to nurture and develop human potentialities. State Government From individual to social reform Shared power: Balances federal authority with control over ❖ A move from psychological and moral matters within state borders. defects/deficiencies to structural and social factors. Example: Education, healthcare, transportation, and law ❖ Is poverty due to individual deficiencies or due to enforcement. structural and social factors? Local Government From voluntary to public Community focus: Handles services and issues directly ❖ During Elizabethan poor laws the approach to relief affecting residents. was voluntary. Example: Garbage collection, zoning, local schools, and ❖ With the Social Security Act, the approach is public police departments. where the Government has a role in dealing with the poor. Changing concepts of social welfare From residual to institutional From welfare of the poor to a welfare society From charity to citizen right ❖ From the relief of immediate needs to a long term From special services to universal services planning that will prevent future needs From minimum resources to optimal social environments From social welfare to social development From individual to social reform ❖ Social welfare From voluntary to public and private ❖ Social development: Planned institutional change From welfare of the poor to Welfare State including social, economic and political change for the From Social welfare to Social Development welfare of the nation as a whole. Changing conceptions contd. Analytical perspectives ❖ Studies of the process of welfare policy: Focuses on the ❖ From residual to institutional From charity to citizen dynamics of policy formulation with regard to socio- right: To T. H. Marshall, citizenship consists of three political and technical-methodological variables. Deals sets of rights and duties, namely, Civil, Political and with the societal context in which policy decisions are Social rights. made, the behaviors, motivations and goals of various ❖ Civil right: Right to liberty, freedom of speech, actors who participate in the process and stages of the equality before law,etc. process of policy development ❖ Political right: right to vote, get elected, etc. ❖ Social rights: Refers to *modicum of economic welfare and security and the right to share to the full in the social heritage and life of a civilized being according to the standards prevailing in society'. Analytical perspectives contd. ❖ Studies of the product: Analyses the policy choices which are the product of planning process. Studies of performance: How well is the program carried out? What is its impact? Impact is the difference between pre-program behavior and conditions and post program behavior and conditions which can be legitimately be attributed to the intervention. Social welfare: 1. As moral concept reflecting value preferences. - This perspective emphasizes the ethical and humanitarian dimensions of helping those in need. It reflects societal values about compassion and social responsibility. 2. As social policy - government programs and interventions designed to address social problems and promote well-being 3. As programs and services- the practical implementation of social welfare initiatives, such as providing assistance, counseling, or support. 4. As income transfer- redistribution of wealth through programs like social security, unemployment benefits, and welfare. 5. As study of functions outside market forces to meet human need.- examines how society organizes itself to meet the needs of its members, including through institutions like family, education, and healthcare. Methods of policy practice Social Work Journal article by Figueira- McDonough Legislative advocacy - simply trying to influence what laws are made or changed. Social workers often do this to help people who are struggling. For example, a social worker might try to get a new law passed that would make it easier for people to get housing assistance. Reform through litigation - Reform through litigation involves using the legal system to challenge and change existing laws, policies, or practices Social action - collective effort to address social problems and promote social justice. It involves organized activities undertaken by groups of people to achieve specific goals. ❖ Josefina Figueira-McDonough is a prominent figure in social work who emphasized the importance of policy practice. Her work highlights the often-overlooked role of social workers in shaping and influencing social policies. ❖ Policy practice involves social workers actively engaging in the policy-making process to advocate for the needs of marginalized populations and to promote social justice. It requires a deep understanding of both social work practice and the political environment. ❖ Figueira-McDonough's work underscores the idea that social workers should not only be direct service providers but also agents of change who can influence the broader social conditions that contribute to client problems.  intent or guidelines that outline the government's BALAGOSA, ZSANYNN ROSE B. SW 104 approach to a specific problem. ⚫ Translating or it is an explanatory note INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS, THEORETICAL EXPLANATION OF SOCIAL POLICY 4. Policy Output - Are the tangible manifestation of policies. Introduction and Definition of Concepts, Theoretical ❖ These are what the organizations do as Explanation of Social Policy distinguished from what they say ❖ Things actually done in pursuance of policy 1. Concepts of Social Policy decisions and statements. 2. Social Welfare Policy ❖ The actual number of services delivered and the 3. Functions and Concept number of people served are the quantifiable measures of policy outputs. What is Social Policy? ⚫ Policy Outputs are the concrete results or outcomes is a decision, made by public or government of policies. They are the tangible manifestations of authorities regarding the assignment and allocation government decisions and actions. In simpler terms, of resources, rights, and responsibilities and policy outputs are what policies actually produce or expressed in laws and governmental regulations. achieve in the real world. ◼ Social policy refers to the decisions and actions taken by governments to address social issues and ⚫ For example, if a government policy aims to improve the well-being of individuals and improve education, the policy outputs might be communities. It involves making choices about how increased school enrollment rates, higher test to allocate resources, distribute rights and scores, or more qualified teachers. responsibilities, and create laws and regulations that shape society. These decisions can affect ⚫ Policy outputs can be measured and evaluated to various aspects of people's lives, such as education, assess the effectiveness of policies and determine if healthcare, housing, employment, and social they are achieving their intended goals. welfare programs. In simpler terms, social policy is about how a government plans and acts to create a 5. Policy Outcomes - Are the consequences for a better society for its citizens. client system, intended or unintended that result from action or inaction by an agency. Categories of Social Policy (5) 1. Policy Demands - These are demands or claims ⚫ Policy Outcomes are the consequences or effects of made upon officials of government or private a policy, both intended and unintended. They are agencies by other sectors, private or official in the the results that occur as a result of a government's political system for action on some perceived actions or lack of action. problems. ⚫ Policy Demands are essentially requests or ⚫ For example, if a government policy aims to reduce suggestions made by individuals, groups, or poverty, the intended outcome might be a decrease organizations to government officials or agencies to in the number of people living below the poverty address specific social problems. Think of them as line. However, unintended outcomes could include the "voices" of the people, advocating for change increased inequality or reduced economic growth. or action on issues they believe are important. ⚫ Policy outcomes can be positive or negative, and 2. Policy Decisions - are made by officers of they can have both short-term and long-term organizations that authorize or give direction and effects. Analyzing policy outcomes is important for content to policy actions. Included are decisions to evaluating the effectiveness of policies and making enact statutes, issues, executive orders, informed decisions about future policy actions. administrative order and board resolutions. ❖ In the public sector, these include the Classifications of Social Policy (5) promulgations of administrative rule and the 1) Public Policy - Action usually undertaken by judicial interpretation of the laws. government directed at a particular goal and ⚫ Policy decisions are the concrete steps taken by legitimated by the commitment of public resources. governments to address social issues and Legislative policy: congress/sanggunian implement policies. They are the result of a Executive policy: office of the president-executive complex process that involves considering various orders, proclamations, local chief's factors, including public opinion, interest group memoranda/directives pressures, and the political climate. Judicial policy: court decisions at all levels. ⚫ It needs Investigation, Assessment, Clarification 2) Administrative Policy - Policies within the context of 3. Policy Statements - Are formal expression or a particular problem/ program such as articulation of policy. These include legislative administrative orders, guidelines or directives. statutes, board resolutions, executive orders and ⚫ Teacher’s tardiness --- Report reasons to the decrees, administrative rules and regulations and higher ups or else will face sanctions court opinions. ⚫ Policy Statements are official documents that 3) Agency Policy - Policies governing the social agency express the government's position on a particular from which rules, procedures and regulations are social issue. They are like written declarations of  based. (e.g. target clientele, programs and services, ⚫ Globalization: Increased interconnectedness and methods of implementations and evaluation. globalization can affect social policies related to ⚫ Manual of operations trade, labor, and international development. ⚫ Agency policies are the specific guidelines and procedures that govern the operations of a social Overseas employment and technology agency. These policies are based on broader public policies and provide a framework for how the ⚫ Economic Impacts: Overseas employment can have agency functions. They often address issues such both positive and negative effects on economies as: and social welfare systems. ⚫ Technological Advancements: Technological 1. Target clientele: Who the agency serves and advancements can create new opportunities and what their specific needs are. challenges for social policy, such as the rise of 2. Programs and services: The types of programs automation and its impact on employment. (scam) and services offered by the agency. 3. Methods of implementation: How the agency Organizational Context delivers its programs and services. 4. Evaluation: How the agency measures the Tensions between the national and local effectiveness of its programs and services. government ⚫ Agency policies are important because they ensure Conflicts between government and non- that the agency is operating efficiently, effectively, government organizations/private sectors and in accordance with its mission and goals. They also provide a framework for accountability and transparency. International Context 4) Policy Practice - Are efforts to change policies in Globalization (economic, social, cultural) legislative, agency and community settings whether by establishing new policies, improving International peace and security/terrorist existing ones or defeating the policy initiatives of other people. Human rights and fundamental freedom ⚫ Policy practice refers to the efforts of individuals or groups to influence public policy. This can involve advocating for new policies, improving existing ones, or opposing the policies of others. Policy Basis for Policy & Program Development practice often takes place in legislative, agency, and community settings. 1. Gaps in practice 5) Policy Advocacy - A policy practice that aims to help relatively powerless groups improve their 2. Program & Policy Review: Program resources and opportunities. Evaluation/Policy Analysis ⚫ Policy advocacy is a type of policy practice that focuses on helping marginalized or disadvantaged 3. Recommendations from Researchers groups improve their resources and opportunities. It involves advocating for policies that address the 4. Advocacy of Civil Society specific needs and challenges of these groups. 5. Recommendations of People’s Organizations Changing Context Affecting Social Policy and Social Work 6. Results of Donor Missions Ideas Context 7. International Commitments and International Tools Value and ideas shape policies and the delivery of Development Planning Frameworks social services 1) Needs based Views toward the poor 2) Rights based Experience and beliefs 3) Gender and Development Demographic Context 4) Human rights based ❖ Populations increase and migration 5) Sustainable Human Development ❖ Overseas employment and technology Populations increase and migration ⚫ Urbanization: The movement of people from rural areas to cities can create challenges related to housing, infrastructure, and social services in urban areas. Difference Between Needs Based & Rights need in a system that completely falls to address some Based important needs. Needs based view policy making as means for the satisfaction of needs; RATIONAL VS. CRISIS APPROACH – The rational Rights based view policy making as not just for the approach places a heavy emphasis on deriving social satisfaction of needs but the realization of rights policy from a careful and thorough study of a problem and issues. By contrast, the crisis approach creates Policy Process policy as a hurried and usually highly political reaction to a crisis or serious problem. Very few of our country’s 1. Agenda Setting social policies have grown out of the rational planning 2. Policy Formulation process 3. Policy Legitimation 4. Policy Implementation 5. Policy Evaluation FUTURE PLANNING vs. POLITICAL CONTEXT APPROACH – The future planning approach gives careful consideration to social trends and probable Social Welfare Policy future developments and tries to anticipate how the various policy options would fit with what can be Social Welfare Policy Definitions expected in the future. By contrast, the political context approach is mostly concern with solving an immediate A subset of social policy. problem and allows the policy to be determined mostly by popular opinion, political interests and pragmatic Societal responses to specific needs and problems assumptions about what will be supported and tolerated such as poverty, etc. by dominant forces in society. A specific area of the social work curriculum – a Perspectives on Social Welfare Policy and practice area: policy advocacy. Program Development Laws and regulations that govern which social 1. RESIDUAL PERSPECTIVE welfare exists, what categories of clients served, and who qualifies for a given program including its Conceive as social welfare as focusing on problems standards. and gaps, with social welfare benefits and services supplied only when people fail to provide adequacy Social welfare programs are expressions of social for themselves and problem arise (Blau, 2004) welfare policy which must reflect and intent to empower the individual. 2. INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE As a process, it consists of consequential steps in Social welfare policies & program should provide problem-solving. on-going support to all people in need. As a product, social welfare policy are laws, judicial Social welfare polices and programs relieve decisions and administrative directives. tensions and help solve problems distressing people in their environment. Social policies that focus primarily on the distribution of benefits to those in need. 3. Universal Provision of Welfare Social welfare benefits should be equally available Lowy – explains that public social policies are to all members of society, regardless of their derived from four dichotomous approaches to the income of means. legislative process: 4. Selective Provision GENERIC vs. CATEGORICAL APPROACH – generic approach to social policy development seeks a particular Social welfare benefits are restricted to those who outcome for an entire population such as health care or can demonstrate need through established housing for all in society. By contrast, a categorical eligibility criteria approach focuses on only one segment of the population such as housing for the elderly or health care for children. A HOLISTIC vs. SEGMENTED APPROACH – A holistic approach to policy development attempts to address the needs or concern of the total person or the whole family, while a segmented approach focuses on only a single factor, such as an individual’s income or nutrition. It gives rise to a fragmented and confusing service system in which client must approach several different agencies in order to secure the services or result they Philosophical and Value Perspectives on Social assumed by the welfare state approach. Power and Responsibility and Social Welfare which Affect decision-making in social services ought to be Policy Formulation devolved as far as possible to local communities. Conservatism Welfare State Approach The philosophy that individuals are responsible for ⚫ The State has the obligation to provide themselves, that government should provide comprehensive services to respond to the problems minimal interference in people’s lives and that of poverty, old age and disability whatever their change is generally unnecessary (Jansson, 2003). cause in two ways: 1. Main provider of resources firmly channeled in the Liberalism direction of public services with voluntary Is the philosophy that supports government organizations & informal community networks left involvement in the social, political and economic little part to play structure so that all people’s rights and privileges are protected in the name of social justice (Jansson, 2. Partnership between the state, voluntary 2003) organizations & community networks in providing resources and public services Radicalism The philosophy that the social and political system as it stands is not structurally capable of truly pursuing social justice. Objectives of Social Welfare Policy 1. Reduce Poverty NATURE OF POVERTY: ⚫ Problem of deprivation ⚫ Individual shortcoming ⚫ Lack of access to government services ⚫ Brought by development process ⚫ Unequal distribution of wealth of society 2. Maximize Welfare ⚫ Welfare is a human right. Every person regardless of one’s stature is entitled to receive welfare services. It implies that every institution of society has the responsibility to address the welfare needs of its constituents. 3. Pursue Equality ⚫ It means that no person shall be deprived of welfare services. Approaches Safety Net Approach ⚫ This holds that individuals, families and local communities are the primary source of social care. State provisions should be kept to the minimum, complimentary to what informal networks in the community provide, let undermine both their capacity and their moral resolution to care for their own. ⚫ Public welfare interventions should only be used as a last recourse. Community Approach ⚫ This assumes that lay people (not trained or qualified) have more potential, ability and commitment to care for each other than is BALAGOSA, ZSANYNN ROSE B. BSSW 3A (SW 104) ❖ The welfare is a safety net (a system to help those who have serious problems and no other form of help) as it is only for those people who are unable to manage REPORTS otherwise 1. NEOLIBERAL SOCIAL WELFARE 3. INSTITUTIONAL (SOCIAL WELFARE) Definition The institutional formulation sees social welfare as a Neoliberal social welfare is a system where the proper, legitimate function of modern society. (TLM) government’s role in providing social services is reduced, and are the responsibilities are shifted to The institutional conception, views that programs individuals, families, and non-profit organizations. should be permanent not temporary. (Elizabeth B.) This shift often involves privatization and market- Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4P’s) based approaches. A human Development program of the National Purpose and goal Government that invests in the health and education of Is to reduce government spending and encourage poor households, particularly of children aged 0-18 people to be self-reliant for self development and years old. economy. Started in 2007, the government expanded the program in 2016 to reach a total of 20 million Filipinos Relation to Social Work belonging to 4.4 million poor households Social workers often work with people who need government assistance. Neoliberal social welfare can reduce resources available for social work services. Services provided by the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Example Program: Workfare programs requires welfare recipients to participate in work or training activities in exchange 1. Conditional Cash Transfer - Provides cash grants to for benefits. poor families in exchange for complying with certain conditions, such as sending their children to school and Key characteristics of neoliberal social welfare evident in bringing them for regular health check-ups. workfare programs: 2. Educational Support - Includes providing school supplies, tuition fees, and transportation allowances to 1. Individual Responsibility ensure children's access to education. 2. Limited Government Intervention 3. Health and Nutrition Assistance - Offers health and 3. Market-Based Solutions nutrition services, such as prenatal care, family 4. Conditionality planning, and child immunization. 5. Cost-cutting Measures 4. DEVELOPMENTAL SOCIAL WELFARE Essence Neoliberal social welfare shifts the focus from Is an approach to social welfare that emphasizes the government aid to individual effort and market development and improvement of individuals, solutions. communities, and societies. 2.RESIDUAL (SOCIAL WELFARE) ❖ EMPOWERING TO ADDRESS THE ROOT CAUSES OF CHALLENGES It refers to welfare that is provided by the government to help the needy and the poor only when poor people It focuses on long-term solutions aimed at improving are unable to help themselves. the social economic conditions of individuals and communities. It is on stopgap basis EXAMPLES: - This system first ensures that all other sources of support Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) ( family, job, charity) are insufficient or not available to the Sustainable Livelihood Program (SLP) - It provides needy people. training, financial assistance, and other support to help beneficiaries start and manage their own businesses. Reactive / curative The goal of the SLP is to empower individuals and - It only acts when the problem is very obvious and already communities to become self-sufficient and improve need immediate attention. their quality of life. Assistance to Individuals in Crisis Situation (AICS)- Temporary / Short Term Services AICS can provide financial assistance, food, shelter, - the services are often discontinue once people have the and other forms of support to help individuals and means to get assistance elsewhere or becomes independent families get back on their feet. (CONSIDERED SHORT TERM, BUT CAN BE LONG TERM IF LINKED TO OTHER PROGRAMS)  Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD)- A Elizabeth Wickenden program that focuses on providing comprehensive care Social welfare includes those laws, programs, benefits, and and education to children from birth to six years old. services which assure or strengthen provisions for meeting ECCD programs aim to promote children's physical, social need recognized as basic to the well-being of the cognitive, social, and emotional development. population and better functioning of the social order IN CONCLUSION - ORANGE BOOK (TLM) Developmental social welfare is a transformative approach to social welfare that prioritizes human development, empowerment, and sustainable change. AIMS OF SOCIAL WELFARE By addressing the root causes of social issues and promoting inclusive development, it seeks to create a Equity and Social Justice more just and equitable society for all. Poverty Alleviation and Economic Security 5.SOCIAL WELFARE, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, AND Social Cohesion and Solidarity SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Human Development and Well-Being SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Social development is a broad concept that encompasses various aspects of improving the well- being of individuals and communities Man is a social animal and his thoughts are shaped by social interactions. And it is Social development that enables people to adapt to members of various social groupings for better functioning of society. Society deeply influences a person’s thought process because everything is acquired from society. In order to keep up social ties, one must abide by the law of society and learn from it. Social development enhances the ability of people to tolerate or make peace with other peoples’ viewpoints. For a “holistic” approach to development, some sociologists say that the psychological, social, and moral elements must be considered. For them, social development is crucial since it improves all aspects of life, including physical, psychological, social, and cultural well-being. Emile Durkheim - Durkheim saw social development as a transition from SYSTEM - FUNCTIONS, PURPOSE, AND GOALS traditional to modern societies, characterized by the PROGRAMS - LINKED WITH DIFFERENT PROGRAMS development and expansion of the division of labor. SOLVING OF PROBLEM - IT GIVES SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS SERVICE - IT SERVES PEOPLE, GROUPS AND George Herbert Mead COMMUNITY - Mead focused on the development of the self through PROVISION - IT PROVIDES SUPPLY AND GIVE HELP social interaction. He believed that the self emerges from social experiences and interactions. SOCIAL WELFARE Herbert Spencer Gertrude Wilson - Spencer believed that social development is driven by Characterizes social welfare as an organized concern of all the survival of the fittest, where more advanced societies people for all people. emerge through competition and adaptation. Walter Friedlander “the organized system of social services and institutions, designed to aid individuals and group to attain satisfying standards of life and health.” SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT is an approach to social, economic, and environmental planning that attempts to balance the social and economic needs of present and future human generations with the imperative of preserving, or preventing undue damage to, the natural environment. 6. GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) GAD supports the idea that both women and men should have a say in how society is shaped and that women should play an active role in improving their lives and participating in politics to strengthen their rights. (DENR-BMB, 2023) GAD is a way of thinking about and doing development that focuses on fairness and empowerment for everyone, regardless of gender. It aims to create equal opportunities, respect human rights, and remove violence. IMPORTANCE The importance of Gender and Development (GAD) is to help make sure that everyone, no matter their gender, gets a fair chance to succeed. It works to fix unfair treatment and make sure everyone can benefit equally from opportunities and resources. EXAMPLE A social worker assists a transgender individual seeking employment. They provide tailored job search support, including resume writing and interview preparation, while ensuring all resources are trans- inclusive. The social worker also connects the client with a support group and adjusts the assistance based on the client’s feedback and evolving needs. CONCLUSION Gender and Development is about making sure everyone, regardless of gender, has equal chances and fair treatment in all aspects of life.