Stomach Disorders PDF

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EasygoingJasper4427

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stomach disorders gastrointestinal diseases medical conditions health

Summary

This document presents an overview of various stomach disorders, including peptic ulcer disease, gastritis, and gastric outlet obstruction. It also covers infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and stomach cancer, outlining associated etiologies, manifestations, and treatments.

Full Transcript

‭ TOMACH DISORDERS‬ S ‭Problems usually involve issues secretion or motility‬ ‭Cardinal signs are:‬‭pain, altered ingestion, altered digestion, gastrointestinal tract bleeding (GIT)‬ ‭Peptic Ulcer Disease‬ ‭Chronic erosion, destruction, and ulceration in the lining of the stomach and duodenum‬ ‭Etio...

‭ TOMACH DISORDERS‬ S ‭Problems usually involve issues secretion or motility‬ ‭Cardinal signs are:‬‭pain, altered ingestion, altered digestion, gastrointestinal tract bleeding (GIT)‬ ‭Peptic Ulcer Disease‬ ‭Chronic erosion, destruction, and ulceration in the lining of the stomach and duodenum‬ ‭Etiology:‬ ‭‬ ‭Various causes, most common: H pylori‬ ‭infection and NSAID use‬ ‭‬ ‭Contributing factors: smoking,‬ ‭excessive alcohol use/ drug use,‬ ‭emotional stress, psychosocial‬ ‭components‬ ‭Manifestations:‬ ‭‬ ‭Asymptomatic‬ ‭‬ ‭Epigastric pain and‬ ‭dyspepsia‬ ‭‬ ‭Complications include‬ ‭bleeding, perforation,‬ ‭obstruction‬ ‭Treatment:‬ ‭‬ ‭Identify causative factor‬ ‭‬ ‭If H pylori - H pylori eradication w/‬ ‭triple or quadruple therapy‬ ‭○‬ ‭Acid inhibiting therapy‬ ‭‬ ‭NSAID - H2 receptor antagonist and‬ ‭cease NSAID‬ ‭Gastritis‬ ‭Condition of gastric mucosal irritation or injury that results in histologically confirmed inflammation‬ ‭Acute‬ ‭Chronic‬ ‭Etiology:‬ ‭ tiology:‬ E ‭‬ ‭Infection induced - usually due to H pylori‬ ‭‬ ‭Infection induced - usually due to H pylori‬ ‭‬ ‭Drug induced‬‭- NSAIDs, steroids, some chemotherapeutic‬ ‭‬ ‭Chemical and caustic agents‬‭-‬‭(NSAIDS, excessive alcohol‬ ‭drugs, alcohol, and iron supplements‬ ‭ingestion, radiation exposure)‬ ‭Pathogenesis:‬ ‭‬ ‭Occurs with critical illness, due to physiologic stress and‬ ‭ischemic changes caused by shock, hypotension, or release of‬ ‭‬ ‭Begins with superficial gastritis and advances to gastric‬ ‭vasoactive substances‬ ‭atrophy‬ ‭Pathogenesis:‬ ‭‬ ‭Gastric glandular structure are lost and or converted to‬ ‭‬ ‭Acute imbalance between mucosal injury and repair‬ ‭intestinal phenotype (metaplasia)‬ ‭mechanisms‬ ‭‬ ‭Gastric atrophy is precursor to gastric cancer‬ ‭‬ ‭Development of mucosal hyperemia and erosive changes‬ ‭Treatment:‬ ‭with histologic presence of inflammation‬ ‭‬ ‭Elimination of causative agent or exacerbating factors‬ ‭Treatment:‬ ‭‬ ‭Eradication of H pylori infection if indicated‬ ‭‬ ‭Elimination of causative agent or exacerbating factors‬ ‭‬ ‭Medications to enhance protection of gastric mucosa‬ ‭‬ ‭Eradication of H pylori infection if indicated‬ ‭‬ ‭Acupuncture‬ ‭‬ ‭Surgical interventions for GI bleeding‬ ‭‬ ‭Surgical intervention for GI bleeding‬ ‭Gastric Outlet Obstruction‬ ‭Epigastric pain and postprandial vomiting due to mechanical of structure in the pyloric region‬ ‭Etiology:‬ ‭Manifestations:‬ ‭Treatment:‬ ‭‬ ‭Includes gastric, duodenal,‬ ‭‬ ‭Abdominal pain,‬ ‭‬ ‭Bening - nasogastric tube suction, medications to suppress‬ ‭and or extraluminal pathology‬ ‭distention,‬ ‭gastric acid production, IV fluid and electrolyte replacement,‬ ‭bloating‬ ‭nutritional supplementation, trail liquid diet, endoscopic‬ ‭‬ ‭Malignancies of digestive‬ ‭balloon dilation or surgery‬ ‭organs‬ ‭‬ ‭Vomiting, weight‬ ‭loss, dehydration‬ ‭‬ ‭Malignant - based on underlying cause, may inclure stenting,‬ ‭‬ ‭Surgical and interventional‬ ‭chemotherapy, endoscopic balloon dilation, surgery‬ ‭induces obstruction‬ ‭‬ ‭May include early‬ ‭satiety and nausea‬ ‭‬ ‭Advanced palliative procedures‬ ‭‬ ‭Metastatic cancer‬ ‭Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis‬ ‭Hypertrophy of the pylorus muscles leading to eventual gastric outlet obstruction‬ ‭Etiology:‬ ‭Manifestations:‬ ‭Treatment:‬ ‭‬ ‭Frequently affects young‬ ‭‬ ‭Begins at 4-6 weeks of age‬ ‭‬ ‭Surgical‬ ‭infant‬ ‭intervention‬ ‭‬ ‭Gradual onset of worsening nonbilious projectile vomiting‬ ‭‬ ‭Unknown cause, linked‬ ‭‬ ‭Hunger / eagerness to feed after vomiting‬ ‭to genetic and‬ ‭‬ ‭Peristalsis may be visible in upper abdomen‬ ‭environmental factors‬ ‭‬ ‭Palpable mass may be present in right upper abdomen‬ ‭‬ ‭Lab findings include hypochloremia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis‬ ‭Stomach Cancer‬ ‭Etiology:‬ ‭‬ ‭Risk factors include: H pylori infection,‬ ‭cigarette smoking, high alcohol‬ ‭ingestion, excessive dietary salt,‬ ‭inadequate fruit and vegetable‬ ‭consumption, pernicious anemia‬ ‭‬ ‭High nitrate diet may increase risk‬ ‭Manifestations:‬ ‭‬ ‭Known as alarm features‬ ‭‬ ‭Weight loss and abdominal pain‬ ‭‬ ‭Can include dysphagia, nausea,‬ ‭early satiety, occult GI bleeding,‬ ‭palpable abdominal mass‬ ‭Treatment:‬ ‭‬ ‭Depend on stage‬ ‭‬ ‭Upper endoscopy may be used for‬ ‭palliative procedures‬ ‭‬ ‭May require endoscopic resection,‬ ‭radiation, chemotherapy, and or‬ ‭surgical resection‬

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