PASS Virus PDF

Chapter Thirty-Seven: Viruses What all viruses do… Invasion Viremic/ Adhesion Asymptomatic Penetration Uncoating Eclipse period Replication Assembly Viremic Lysogeny ex. Hemagglutin and Gp 120 Energy level goes down due to viral use of ATP for cell prenetration allowing to insert genom virus is re...

Chapter Thirty-Seven: Viruses What all viruses do… Invasion Viremic/ Adhesion Asymptomatic Penetration Uncoating Eclipse period Replication Assembly Viremic Lysogeny ex. Hemagglutin and Gp 120 Energy level goes down due to viral use of ATP for cell prenetration allowing to insert genom virus is released from cells. ex Neuraminidase To prevent uncoating Amantadine Rimantadine To prevent replication Acyclovir Penciclovir Valacyclovir Famciclovir Need to be activated using Thymidine kinase Ganciclovir Ribavirin Clinical Correlation SNoW DRoP Southern—DNA Northern—RNA Western—Proteins Detectives Southern blot Northern blot Western blot Southwestern blot ELIZA PCR The 90% Approach to Virology Almost all DNA Viruses Parvovirus only single stranded Are double stranded (except parvovirus and hepadnavirus) Hepadna only segmented Replicate in nucleus (except poxvirus) pox is too big to fit which means it must have its own RNA polymer Assemble on nuclear membrane Are naked (except herpesvirus) herpes put his clothes on finally Almost all RNA Viruses Orthomyxo double stranded segmented Are single stranded (except orthomyxovirus and reovirus) Reovirus is double stranded Replicate in cytoplasm (except retrovirus) retro goes to the nucleus Assemble on cell membrane Are enveloped (except Coxsackie virus) + strand vs - strand positive strands get sick immediately and negative strands take about a week to show symptoms Nuclear inclusions DNA Cytoplasmic inclusions RNA 856 Viruses Most Common Causes of Viral Infections Encephalitis Presents with headache and ataxia Causes: Arbovirus more “e’s” the worse Herpesvirus Temporal lobe Meningitis Also known as aseptic meningitis Presentation: mild headache; photophobia; Kernig’s and Brudzinski’s signs will be positive CSF results Causes: enteroviruses MCC children rotovirus unless vaccinated norovirus CSF: protein cells glucose adults adenovirus Common Cold Rhinovirus 200 strains Temperature sensitive, heat denatured Only sniffles Coronavirus vs Adenovirus Sniffles + something Corona - spring and summer Herpesvirus Adenovirus- fall and winter, MCC conjunctivitis Influenza virus Parainfluenza virus Genetic drift - 1 year Genetic Shift - 5 years Common Childhood infections Koplik Morbiliform rash Screen for colon cancer Mumps Acute parotidis Rubeola 2 week measles Rubella 3 day measles Varicella Varicella-Zoster DRG Fifth’s disease Roseola Herpes 6 Pityriasis Rosea Herpes 7 Rosacea often teen. worse with alcohol or emotion Hand-Foot-Mouth red dots. disease sore mouth Kawasaki disease Coronary aneurysms eko before they go home and Molluscum flesh color papules then 6 months i with central Fever and rash are never there siumultaneously umbilication Childhood Rashes Café au lait spots NF, mcCune albright Seborrheic dermatitis Erythema toxicum Eosinophils Port wine stain Hemangioma Diaper dermatitis Type 4 hypersensitivity Milia Acne is infant: Prog Pediculosis pubis Mongolian spots Melanocytes clustered Sexually Nevus Flammeus stork bite transmitted. tx permetherin microtubule inh 857 after Give IVIG Viruses The four itchiest rashes Urticaria Scabies (Tx: Topical Permethrin Cream) Dermatitis herpetiformis Lichen planus autoimmune Croup Stridor and barking cough Steeple sign on neck film Cause: Parainfluenza virus 80% (mild) RSV 15% (severe) Adenovirus Influenza virus Dexamethasone Bronchiolitis All the signs and symptoms of asthma Under 2 years of age Causes: o Parainfluenza virus (80%, mild) o RSV (15%, severe) o Adenovirus o Influenza virus Asthma until age 2 Myocarditis Leads to loss of contractility Diffuse ST wave depression on EKG Cause: o Cocksackie B Virus Pericarditis Causes a friction or tri-phasic rub May lead to cardiac tamponade Diffuse ST wave elevation Cause: o Cocksackie B Virus Gastroenteritis In adults: Adenovirus In children: Rotavirus; if child fully immunized, then pick norovirus Travel: Norwalk agent Cystitis Urgency and frequency Cause: Adenovirus 858 Viruses DNA A/E Hepatitis Incubation B C D 2-6 w 2-6 m 20-30 yr Text F/O IV, blood Sex, Vert blood COinfect CAH 10 % 60-80% Cancer 10% Transmission - Figure 37.1 Hepatitis HBe indicates infectivity HBs is surface antigen HBc is core antigen Window period Figure 37.2 Hepatitis Graph Surface antibody (HBs) gives immunity -HBs antigen by itself is vaccine - HBs antibody alone is vaccinated Chronic Active Hepatitis Active inflammation on biopsy Fibrosis present Will lead to cirrhosis and may even cause cancer Due to Hepatitis B: Tx with interferon and lamivudine Due to hepatitis C: Tx with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (Harvoni) combo Chronic Persistent Hepatitis Elevated liver enzymes or persistent symptoms after 6 months No active inflammation or fibrosis on liver biopsy Surface antigens, enzymes with Chronic Carrier State fibrosis indicate chronic inflammation Still has positive HbSAg after 6 months No active inflammation or fibrosis on biopsy Still poses a threat to others These patients cannot be blood donors or organ donors 859