Engineering Utilities 2 Plumbing Design PDF

ENGINEERING UTILITIES 2 PLUMBING DESIGN ENGR. RONIE PIEDAD, CE, MP, ME-1, SO2 GRADING SYSTEM: CUT-OFF = 60 % RAW SCORE ATTENDANCE = 5 % SEATWORK = 15 % QUIZZES / PROJECT = 35 % MAJOR EXAM = 45 % TOTAL = 100% PRELIM GRADE = 60%*( P...

ENGINEERING UTILITIES 2 PLUMBING DESIGN ENGR. RONIE PIEDAD, CE, MP, ME-1, SO2 GRADING SYSTEM: CUT-OFF = 60 % RAW SCORE ATTENDANCE = 5 % SEATWORK = 15 % QUIZZES / PROJECT = 35 % MAJOR EXAM = 45 % TOTAL = 100% PRELIM GRADE = 60%*( P. RAW SCORE ) + 40 Final Midterm Raw Score MIDTERM = 60%*( 67%*M.RS + 33%*P.RS ) + 40 GRADE FINAL GRADE = 60%*( 67%*F.RS + 33%*F.M.RS ) + 40 COURSE OUTLINE LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION LESSON 2: PLUMBING MATERIALS, FITTINGS AND FIXTURES LESSON 3: BUILDING WATER SYSTEM AND DESIGN LESSON 4: DRAINAGE-WASTE-VENT (DWV) SYSTEM LESSON 5: LIFE SAFETY SYSTEM IN BUILDING LESSON 6: ACOUSTIC AND BUILDING CONVEYING SYSTEM HISTORY OF PLUMBING WHAT IS PLUMBING? Plumbing is defined as the art and science of installing pipes, fixtures and other apparatus to convey and supply water in buildings and to dispose and discharge wastewater and other liquids, gases and other substances out of buildings in a safe, orderly, healthy and sanitary way to ensure the health and sanitation of life and property. HISTORY OF PLUMBING The concept and importance of plumbing however, became more defined and appreciated only during the Greco-Roman civilization. The Romans who considered daily bathing as a must, elevated bathing to the level of a daily ritual. Their almost fanatical demand for a constant supply of clean water, found its expression in the ingenuity of the now famous Roman Aqueduct, a water system that continuously challenge the skill of the present crops of Engineers. HISTORY OF PLUMBING The word Plumber is a title given to a person who is skilled in the field of sanitation. It was derived from the ancient Roman word Plumbarius which was taken from the Latín word Plumbum. Plumbarius refers to an individual who worked in the sanitary field of ancient Rome. Plumbum on the other hand, meant “lead”. A metal used as plumbing material by the Romans, preferred for its twin properties of malleability and resistant to acid.  PLUMBING IN THE PHILIPPINES Before the decades of the 40's, household plumbing installation was considered as a luxury item available only to the upper crust of the society. Majority of the population, aside from not being able to afford plumbing installation in their homes, where still unaware of the importance of sanitation facilities in the form of an efficient water supply and waste disposal system.  PLUMBING IN THE PHILIPPINES Most of the households particularly in the rural areas, were adopting the indigenous and ingenious methods of water supply and waste disposal, unmindful of the ill effects brought about by poor sanitation. WATER SUPPLY In the absence of an efficient water supply and distribution system, water was provided through abundant rain-fall, springs, wells, rivers, or creeks, conveyed either through improvised bamboo pipes, or carried either by man himself, or through animal drawn carts, or sleds and were stored in an earthen jars, wooden or bamboo containers and the like. WATER SUPPLY In those times, water was considered fit for consumption as long as it was visibly clear. There was no available means to test the water for purity and free from disease causing organisms. As a result, not a few died or were afflicted with digestive disorders. And those ailing were brought to quack doctors who usually diagnose the disease to be caused by evil spirits. WASTE DISPOSAL Majority of the households, who cannot afford plumbing installation in their homes, availed of any possible means of convenience for their waste disposal. Some excreted in the rivers, seashores, creeks or any waterways, behind trees, bushes or any secluded place as long as during the time they excreted, their private parts were not seen in public. WASTE DISPOSAL Early attempts of promoting plumbing and sanitary waste disposals were accepted by few who could afford. In the rural areas however, constructed toilets were merely excavated pits covered with coconut trunks, bamboos or any suitable material provided with a slot where the user shoot his excretion. PLUMBING DESIGN Ideally, the plumbing plans contain the drawings and descriptions of the various drains, supply lines, vent pipes, valves, and fixtures of bathrooms, kitchens, or the outdoors. In short, a professionally designed house plumbing plan minimizes any adverse impacts to the building, thus avoiding future problems. Republic Act No. 1378 An Act To Regulate the Trade Of Master Plumber This Act shall be known as the “Plumbing Law”. THE 22 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE PLUMBING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES. PRINCIPLE NO.1 All premises intended for human habitation, occupancy or use shall be provided with a supply of pure and wholesome water, neither connected with unsafe water supplies nor subject to hazards of backflow or back-siphonage. PRINCIPLE NO.2 Plumbing fixtures, devices and appurtenances shall be supplied with water in sufficient volume and at pressure adequate to enable them to function satisfactorily and without undue noise under all normal conditions of use. PRINCIPLE NO.3 Plumbing shall be designed and adjusted to use the minimum quantity of water consistent with proper performance and cleaning. PRINCIPLE NO.4 Devices for heating and storing water shall be so designed and installed as to prevent dangers from explosion through over heating PRINCIPLE NO.5 Every building having plumbing fixtures installed and intended for human habitation, occupancy or use on premises abutting on a street, alley or easement where there is a public sewer, shall be connected to the sewer system. PRINCIPLE NO.6 Each family dwelling unit on premises abutting on a sewer or with a private sewage disposal system shall have at least one water closet and one kitchen type sink. Further a lavatory and bathtub or shower shall be installed to meet the basic requirements of sanitation and personal hygiene. PRINCIPLE NO.7 Plumbing fixtures shall be made of smooth non absorbent material, free from concealed fouling surfaces and shall be located in ventilated enclosures. PRINCIPLE NO.8 The drainage system shall be designed, constructed and maintained to safeguard against fouling, deposit of solids clogging and with adequate cleanouts so arranged that the pipes may be readily cleaned. PRINCIPLE NO.9 All piping of plumbing systems shall be of durable NAMPAP APPROVED materials, free form defective workmanship, designed and constructed by Registered Master Plumbers to ensure satisfactory service. PRINCIPLE NO.10 Each fixture directly connected to the drainage system shall be equipped with a water - sealed trap PRINCIPLE NO.11 The drainage piping system shall be designed to provide adequate circulation of air free from siphonage, aspiration or forcing of trap seals under ordinary use. PRINCIPLE NO.12 Vent terminals shall extend to the outer air and installed to preempt clogging and the return of foul air to the building. PRINCIPLE NO.13 Plumbing systems shall be subjected to such tests to effectively disclose all leaks and defects in the workmanship. PRINCIPLE NO.14 No substance which will clog the pipes, produce explosive mixtures, destroy the pipes or their joints or interfere unduly with the sewage - disposal process shall be allowed to enter the building drainage system. PRINCIPLE NO.15 Proper protection shall be provided to prevent contamination of food, water, sterile goods and similar materials by backflow of sewage. When necessary, the fixture, device or appliance shall be connected indirectly with the building drainage system. PRINCIPLE NO.16 No water closet shall be located in a room or compartment which is not properly lighted and ventilated. PRINCIPLE NO.17 If water closets or other plumbing fixtures are installed in buildings where there is no sewer within a reasonable distance, suitable provision shall be made for disposing of the building sewage by some accepted method of sewage treatment and disposal, such as a SEPTIC TANK. PRINCIPLE NO.18 Where a plumbing drainage system may be subject to backflow of sewage, suitable provision shall be made to prevent its overflow in the building. PRINCIPLE NO.19 Plumbing systems shall be maintained in serviceable condition by Registered Master Plumbers. PRINCIPLE NO.20 All plumbing fixtures shall be installed properly spaced, to be accessible for their intended use. PRINCIPLE NO.21 Plumbing shall be installed by Registered Master Plumbers with due regard to the preservation of the strength of structural members and the prevention of damage to walls and other surfaces through fixture usage. PRINCIPLE NO.22 Sewage or other waste from a plumbing system which may be deleterious to surface or subsurface waters shall not be discharged into the ground or into any waterway, unless first rendered innocuous through subjection to some acceptable form of treatment PLUMBING OBJECTIVES 1. To supply water to different parts of the building. 2. To remove and discharge human wastes and other substances out of building into the public sewer or SEPTIC TANK. Effective Water Supply in Building 1.To provide sufficient amount of water to supply each fixture. 2.To prevent back flow of used water into the water supply system. The Drainage System TWO TYPES OF WASTE: 1. SOLID WASTE that is being discharged by water closet. 2. LIQUID WASTE that are coming from various fixtures (e.g. Urinal, Lavatory, kitchen sink, etc.) The Drainage System THE DRAINAGE PIPINGS: 1. The SOIL PIPE (carries the SOLID WASTE) 2. The WASTE PIPE (carries LIQUID WASTE) The Drainage System THE DRAINAGE PIPINGS: The Drainage Installation is Sometimes Referred to as DWV which means: D - Drainage of Solid waste W - Waste Pipe (Liquid Waste V - Ventilation System. Typical Drainage- Waste- Vent Section COMMON PLUMBING TERMINOLOGIES REFER TO REVISED NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES FOR COMPLETE PLUMBING TERMS AIR GAP BACK SIPHONAGE An air gap in a water supply Refers to the back flow of used system, is the unobstructed contaminated or polluted water vertical distance through the from a plumbing fixture or vessel free atmosphere between the into a water supply pipe due to a lowest opening from any pipe or negative pressure in such a pipe. faucet sup-plying water to a tank, plumbing fixture, or other BATTERY OF FIXTURE device and the flood level rim of the receptacle. Refers to any group of two or more similar adjacent fixtures BACK FLOW which discharges into a common horizontal waste pipe or soil Is the flow of water, or other branch. liquid mixture or substances into the distributing pipes of a potable supply of water from any source, other than its intended source BIB BRANCH INTERVAL Is synonymous with faucet, cock, Is the length of a soil or waste tap, plug, etc. the word faucet stack corresponding in general to is preferred. a storey height, but in no case less than 2.40 meters within which the horizontal branches BRANCH from one floor or storey of a building are connected to the Is any part of piping system stack. other than the main riser or stack. BRANCH VENT Is a vent connecting one or more individual vents with a vent stack or stack vent. CIRCUIT VENT Is a branch vent that serves two or more traps, and extends from the front of the last fixture connection of a horizontal branch to the vent stack. COMBINATION FIXTURES Is a fixture combining one sink and tray or a two or three compartment sink or tray in one vent. LAVATORY + WATER CLOSET COMBINATION WASTE AND VENT SYSTEM Is a specially designed system of waste piping embodying the horizontal wet venting of one or more sinks or floor drains by means of a common waste and vent pipe adequately sized to provide free movement of air above the flow line of the drain. COMMON VENT Is a drain from two or three fixture connected to a single trap. It is also called a dual vent. CROSS CONNECTION DIAMETER Is any physical connection be Diameter of a pipe or tube refers tween two otherwise separate to the nominal internal diameter piping system, one contains (ID) of such pipe, except brass potable water, and the other from and copper tube where the term unknown or question able safety, refers to the outside diameter whereby, water may flow from one (OD) of the pipe. system to the other direction of flow depending on the pressure DRAINAGE SYSTEM differential between the two systems. Drainage system includes, all piping within the public or DEVELOPED LENGTH private premises that conveys sewage, rainwater, or other Length of the pipe and fitting. liquid waste, to a legal point of disposal. It does not include the mains of public sewer system private or public sewerage treatment or disposal plant. DRY VENT A vent that does not carry water or water borne wastes. FIXTURE BRANCH Is a pipe connecting several fixtures. FIXTURE DRAIN Is the drain from the trap of a fixture to the junction of that drain with any other drain-pipe. FIXTURE SUPPLY FIXTURE UNIT Is a water supply pipe connecting Is a quantity in terms of which the fixture with the fixture the load producing effects on the branch. plumbing system of different kinds of plumbing fixtures are expressed on some arbitrarily chosen scale. FIXTURE UNIT FLOW RATE Is the total discharge flow in gallons per minute of a simple fixture divided by 7.5 (or 8) gallons that provides the flow rate of that particular plumbing fixture as a unit of flow. Fixtures are rated as multiple of this unit of flow. FERRULE GRADE A metallic sleeve called or Is the slope or fall of pipe in otherwise joined to an opening in reference to a fraction of an pipe into which a plug is screwed inch per foot length of pipe. that can be removed for the purpose of cleaning or examining the interior of the pipe. HOUSE DRAIN MAIN SEWER Is a horizontal pipe that Is a sewer line or system receives the contents of soil and directly con trolled by public waste pipes. authority. PLUMBING FIXTURES Are installed receptacles, devices, or appliances which are supplied with water, or which receives or discharges liquid or liquid borne waste, with or without discharge into drainage system which maybe directly or indirectly connected. RELIEF VENT A relief vent primary function is to provide circulation of air between drainage and vent systems. RE - VENT PIPE RISER A re - vent pipe (sometimes Is a water supply pipe which called individual vent) is that extend vertically one full storey part of the vent pipeline which or more to convey water to connects directly with an branches or fixtures. individual waste or group of wastes. underneath or back of the fixture, and extend either to the main or branch vent pipe. ROUGH – INS Is the installation of all parts of the plumbing system which can be completed prior to the installation of fixtures. This include drainage, water supply, vent piping and the necessary fixture supports. RETURN BEND SEWERAGE OF SEWAGE WORK An open return bend usually with Is a comprehensive term including in side threads, but applied also all construction or collection, to 180° bend in pipe. transportation, pumping, treatment and final disposition SANITARY SEWAGE of sewage. The sewage containing human STACK excrement and liquid household waste. It is also called domestic Is the vertical main of a system sewage. of soil, waste or vent pipe. SANITARY SEWER A sewer intended to receive sanitary sewage with or without industrial wastes and without the admixture of surface water, storm water or drainage. TRAP Is a fitting or device so designed as to provide when properly vented a liquid seal that will prevent the back passage of air without materially affecting the flow of sewage through it. TRAP SEAL Is the maximum vertical depth of liquid that trap will retain, measured between the crown weir and top of the dip of the trap. WATER DISTRIBUTING PIPE Is a pipe that conveys water from the water service pipe to the plumbing fixtures and other water outlets. WATER SERVICE PIPE Is the pipe from water main or other sources of water supply to the building served. WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Consists of the water pipe, the WET VENT water distributing pipes, and the necessary connecting pipes, Is a vent that receives the fitting, control valves, and all discharge from wastes other than appurtenance in or adjacent to water closet. the building or premises. THANK YOU!