Palme Quiz 1 Material PDF

CONTENTS THEME 1 : INTERACTION PART 1: CHEMISTRY IS LIFE.......................................10 Chemistry as a Science and fundamental disciplines of chemistry.....................................................................11 Dear Learners............................................................................................................................................................15 IB Command Terms and definitions........................................................................................................................16 Question Type Open-ended questions............................................................................................................................................. 17 Fill in the blank questions......................................................................................................................................... 22 Matching questions................................................................................................................................................... 23 True-False questions................................................................................................................................................ 25 Multiple choice questions......................................................................................................................................... 26 Chemistry in everyday products.............................................................................................................................30 Question Type Open-ended questions............................................................................................................................................. 33 Fill in the blank questions......................................................................................................................................... 37 Matching questions................................................................................................................................................... 38 True-False questions................................................................................................................................................ 39 Multiple choice questions......................................................................................................................................... 40 Career opportunities in chemistry...........................................................................................................................42 Chemistry laboratory and Safety.............................................................................................................................43 Common laboratory equipment...............................................................................................................................46 Question Type Open-ended questions............................................................................................................................................. 50 Fill in the blank questions......................................................................................................................................... 54 Matching questions................................................................................................................................................... 55 True-False questions................................................................................................................................................ 55 Multiple choice questions......................................................................................................................................... 56 THEME 1 : INTERACTION PART 2: FROM ATOM TO PERIODIC TABLE.............58 Early ideas and evolution of atomic theory.............................................................................................................58 Question Type Open-ended questions............................................................................................................................................. 65 Fill in the blank questions......................................................................................................................................... 68 Matching questions................................................................................................................................................... 68 True-False questions................................................................................................................................................ 69 Multiple choice questions......................................................................................................................................... 70 The quantum mechanical model of the atom (Electron cloud model).................................................................73 Question Type Open-ended questions............................................................................................................................................. 86 Fill in the blank questions......................................................................................................................................... 92 Matching questions................................................................................................................................................... 93 True-False questions................................................................................................................................................ 93 Multiple choice questions......................................................................................................................................... 94 Periodic table of the elements.................................................................................................................................96 Periodic table and its properties..............................................................................................................................97 Question Type Open-ended questions........................................................................................................................................... 112 Fill in the blank questions....................................................................................................................................... 119 Matching questions................................................................................................................................................. 120 True-False questions.............................................................................................................................................. 121 Multiple choice questions....................................................................................................................................... 122 Periodic Trends.......................................................................................................................................................124 Question Type Open-ended questions........................................................................................................................................... 135 Fill in the blank questions....................................................................................................................................... 141 Matching questions................................................................................................................................................. 142 True-False questions.............................................................................................................................................. 143 Multiple choice questions....................................................................................................................................... 144 THEME 2 : DIVERSITY PART 1: INTERACTIONS.............................................150 Chemical Species....................................................................................................................................................151 Types of interactions between the chemical species..........................................................................................152 Strong interactions (I) / Metallic bonding.............................................................................................................155 Question Type Open-ended questions........................................................................................................................................... 159 Fill in the blank questions....................................................................................................................................... 161 Matching questions................................................................................................................................................. 162 True-False questions.............................................................................................................................................. 163 Multiple choice questions....................................................................................................................................... 164 Strong interactions (II) / Ionic bonding..................................................................................................................170 Question Type Open-ended questions........................................................................................................................................... 179 Fill in the blank questions....................................................................................................................................... 182 Matching questions................................................................................................................................................. 183 True-False questions.............................................................................................................................................. 183 Multiple choice questions....................................................................................................................................... 184 Strong interactions (III) / Covalent bonding..........................................................................................................190 Question Type Open-ended questions........................................................................................................................................... 211 Fill in the blank questions....................................................................................................................................... 216 Matching questions................................................................................................................................................. 217 True-False questions.............................................................................................................................................. 217 Multiple choice questions....................................................................................................................................... 218 THEME 2 : DIVERSITY PART 2: FROM INTERACTION TO MATTER.............222 Intermolecular forces of attraction........................................................................................................................223 Van Der Waals forces..............................................................................................................................................224 Hydrogen bonding...................................................................................................................................................228 Question Type Open-ended questions........................................................................................................................................... 233 Fill in the blank questions....................................................................................................................................... 237 Matching questions................................................................................................................................................. 238 True-False questions.............................................................................................................................................. 239 Multiple choice questions....................................................................................................................................... 240 Condensed states of matter...................................................................................................................................244 Solids........................................................................................................................................................................244 Question Type Open-ended questions........................................................................................................................................... 247 Fill in the blank questions....................................................................................................................................... 250 Matching questions................................................................................................................................................. 251 True-False questions.............................................................................................................................................. 251 Multiple choice questions....................................................................................................................................... 252 Liquids......................................................................................................................................................................254 Question Type Open-ended questions........................................................................................................................................... 270 Fill in the blank questions....................................................................................................................................... 275 Matching questions................................................................................................................................................. 276 True-False questions.............................................................................................................................................. 277 Multiple choice questions....................................................................................................................................... 278 THEME 3 : SUSTAINABILITY NANOPARTICLES AND ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY....... 282 Nanotechnology and its role in daily life...............................................................................................................283 Understanding nanoparticles.................................................................................................................................285 Nanorobots (nanobots)...........................................................................................................................................293 Synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles from household waste..........................................................294 Nanoparticles and ecological sustainability.........................................................................................................299 Question Type Open-ended questions........................................................................................................................................... 303 Fill in the blank questions....................................................................................................................................... 306 Matching questions................................................................................................................................................. 307 True-False questions.............................................................................................................................................. 307 Multiple choice questions....................................................................................................................................... 308 MARK SCHEME............................................................................310 THEME 1 INTERACTION THEME 1 : INTERACTION This theme consists of two parts: Part 1:Chemistry is Life Part 2: From Atom to Periodic Table In this theme, it is intended that students will make inferences about the contributions of the science of chemistry to daily life, solve problems arising from the use of chemicals, make scientific inferences about the structure of the atom, make predictions about electron configurations, reason about locating elements in the periodic table, and analyze the periodic properties of elements. Basic Assumptions: Students are expected to know the relationship between topics related to matter and everyday events, as well as the basic safety warning signs used in the laboratory. It is assumed that students are familiar with atomic theories other than the modern atomic theory, concepts such as atomic number, mass number, proton, electron, neutron, and nucleus, as well as the concepts of kinetic and potential energy. They are also assumed to have knowledge of the distribution of electrons in energy levels and the placement of elements in the periodic table, the positions and properties of metals, nonmetals, metalloids, and noble gases in the periodic table, and the concepts of ions, anions, and cations, along with the repulsive and attractive forces between electric charges. CONTENT FRAMEWORK PART 1: CHEMISTRY IS LIFE Chemistry as a science Fundamental disciplines of chemistry Chemistry in everyday products Career opportunities in chemistry Safety in the laboratory Key words: science, chemistry, fundamental discipline, chemical, chemical product, safety, laboratory, safety sign, safety symbol, laboratory equipment 10 PART 1 CHEMISTRY IS LIFE THEME 1 CHEMISTRY AS A SCIENCE The following sections will cover a reading passage and related questions on the following subjects. ✦ Fundamental disciplines of chemistry ✦ Chemistry in everyday products WHAT IS CHEMISTRY? INTERACTION Chemistry is the branch of science that investigates and applies the structure, properties, combinations, interactions and reactions of matter. In a more comprehensive way, the science of chemistry deals with the properties of substances, their classification, atoms, atomic theory, chemical compounds, chemical reactions, states of matter, intermolecular and molecular forces, chemical bonds, reaction kinetics and principles of thermochemistry etc. PART 1: CHEMISTRY IS LIFE FUNDAMENTAL DISCIPLINES OF CHEMISTRY The main disciplines of chemistry include: Analytical chemistry Inorganic chemistry Organic chemistry Physical chemistry Biochemistry There are also sub-disciplines of chemistry like polymer chemistry and industrial chemistry. 11 Analytical Chemiﬆry Analytical chemistry is the discipline of chemistry that examines the chemical components of matter and the amounts in matter THEME 1 contents qualitatively and quantitatively. It is used in many industrial fields such as paint, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, fuel, food and environmental industries; Analyzes compounds used in medicine, archeology and forensic chemistry in quality and quantity. Determining the types and amounts of chemical substances found in material samples such as water, soil, air, blood, urine, tissue residues is the area of interest of analytical chemistry. Qualitative analysis: It is a method that examines what components a substance consists of. INTERACTION Quantitative analysis: It is a method used to measure the amount of compounds that make up a substance. Inorganic Chemiﬆry It examines the physical and chemical properties of non-organic compounds, which generally do not contain carbon. It is the discipline of chemistry that seeks answers to questions such as how substances such as acids, bases, salts, minerals, metals and nonmetals form in nature, what are their reactions, and what are their chemical and physical properties. Organic Chemiﬆry It is the branch of science that studies the physical and chemical properties of compounds whose PART 1: CHEMISTRY IS LIFE basic structure consists of carbon atoms and which also contains atoms such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Organic compounds are mostly found in the structure of living things. The study of the preparation, reactions and properties of petroleum and petroleum products, dyes, drugs, plastics and explosives is the area of interest of organic chemistry. 12 Physical Chemiﬆry It is the discipline of chemistry that studies the properties and behavior of chemical systems. It is the branch of science that THEME 1 determines the laws that occur as a result of the properties and behaviors of systems. It transforms heat and chemical work transformations, reaction rates and reaction mechanisms in the system into theorems that mathematically express them. Physical chemistry; It also covers the fields of electrochemistry, thermodynamics and chemical kinetics. Endothermic and Exothermic Exothermic Reactions Electrolysis of Water INTERACTION Biochemiﬆry It is the discipline of chemistry that studies the chemical events and processes that occur in the structure of living things. It examines events such as respiration, digestion, circulation and photosynthesis. It examines the interactions, structure and formation of molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, DNA and RNA. Inorganic and organic chemistry techniques are used in biochemistry. Polymer Chemiﬆry Large molecules (macromolecules) formed by combining a large number of molecules, the smallest structural unit of which is monomer, are called polymers. Polymer chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that studies the formation, usage areas PART 1: CHEMISTRY IS LIFE and properties of polymers. Starch, protein, DNA, Teflon, PVC, PET molecules can be given as examples of polymers. Induﬆrial Chemiﬆry It is a sub-discipline of chemistry that covers the studies carried out to increase the efficiency, quality and reduce the cost of the product in mass production by using chemicals and events. Substances such as bleach, soap, detergent, paint, cement etc.. are industrial chemical products. 13 There are different industrial facilities that use chemistry to produce medicine, food additives, cleaning agents, petrochemical products and dyes. Medicine THEME 1 Medicines are chemical substances obtained from natural sources or through synthesis and produced for the purpose of having effects on living things. Chemistry is used in the production of pharmaceutical raw materials and the examination of the effects of drugs on the living body. In addition, many stages of the drug, such as research, development, inspection and approval, production and quality control, fall within the scope of chemical science. Food Nutrients required for the growth and development of living things are also within the scope of chemistry. It examines areas INTERACTION such as the components of nutrients, their structures and the changes that occur in them. Food chemistry also deals with issues such as preparation, processing, preservation, packaging and storage of foods. Cleaning For centuries, people have needed cleaning agents for a clean and healthy living environment. Chemistry is related to issues such as the production, usage areas and conditions, packaging and storage of cleaning materials. Soap is a cleaning material formed by the reactions of vegetable and animal oils with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH). Detergents, on the other hand, obtained from petroleum products. Petrochemical Induﬆry It is the industry that deals with oil, natural gas and the products obtained from them. Petroleum and petroleum products PART 1: CHEMISTRY IS LIFE are transformed into other products using physical and chemical methods. During these transformations, products such as liquid and gaseous fuels, kerosene, solvents, machine-motor oils, asphalt-pitch, paraffin, and hydrocarbons (Carbon and hydrogen containing organic compounds) are obtained. Paint Induﬆry Dyes are used in a wide variety of areas such as construction, textile, food, wood and metal. The chemical structures of dyes vary depending on the areas in which they are used. 14 THEME 1 OPEN ENDED QUESTIONS Dear Learners, Open ended questions include: stions onse que problems text-resp structured INTERACTION s uestion stions n se q se que -resp o espon data short-r es studi case Some command terms are used to ask these questions. To answer a question correctly, you need to know the meaning of the command term used in the question. For this reason, command terms used in the test will be provided to you together with their meanings just before each test. Although IB command terms have been used in this book, similar command terms are used in GCSE and A-Level exams, as well. Answering these questions have some criteria according to the international exams (such as IB, GCSE and A-Level) standards. For this reason, detailed and structured mark schemes are provided to you at the end of the book. At the beginning of each mark scheme detailed information is also provided for how to use the mark schemes. Therefore, you will have a chance to understand and analyse the marking system of international exams via the structured mark schemes. PART 1: CHEMISTRY IS LIFE During the exams the learners are supposed to follow some instructions. The followings are some examples of commonly used instructions: You are allowed to use a pen only. (You Answers must be written within the answer boxes cannot erase your answer once you write it) provided. (Otherwise your answer will not be graded) A calculator is required for this test. A clean copy of the chemistry data booklet is required (Decimal numbers are used in the questions. for this test. (You don’t need to memorize equations For this reason, it is very useful to use a and constants. They will be given to you) calculator) Hope these tests will help you understand the international exams assessment and marking. 15 COMMAND TERMS WITH DEFINITIONS As it is mentioned before command terms are the words which are used to ask questions. You need to know their meanings to answer the questions correctly. THEME 1 You can find the meaning of the command terms used in the open-ended questions in the table given below. Command Term *Definition Analyze Break down in order to bring out the essential elements or structure. Annotate Add brief notes to a diagram or graph. Apply Use an idea, equation, principle, theory, or law in a new situation. Calculate Obtain a numerical answer showing the relevant stages in the working. Classify Arrange or order by class or category. Comment Give a judgment based on a given statement or result of a calculation. Give an account of the similarities between two (or more) items or situations, referring to both (all) of them INTERACTION Compare throughout. Compare and Give an account of similarities and differences between two (or more) items or situations, referring to both Contrast (all) of them throughout. Construct Display information in a diagrammatic or logical form. Give an account of the differences between two (or more) items or situations, referring to both (all) of them Contrast throughout. Define Give the precise meaning of a word, phrase, concept, or physical quantity. Describe Give a detailed account. Determine Obtain the only possible answer. Offer a considered and balanced review that includes a range of arguments, factors, or hypotheses. Opin- Discuss ions or conclusions should be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence. Distinguish Make clear the differences between two or more concepts or items. Evaluate Make an appraisal by weighing up the strengths and limitations. Examine Consider an argument or concept in a way that uncovers the assumptions and interrelationships of the issue. Explain Give a detailed account, including reasons or causes. Identify Provide an answer from a number of possibilities. PART 1: CHEMISTRY IS LIFE Justify Give valid reasons or evidence to support an answer or conclusion. Label Add labels to a diagram. List Give a sequence of brief answers with no explanation. Measure Obtain a value for a quantity. Outline Give a brief account or summary. Predict Give an expected result. Represent by means of a diagram or graph (labelled as appropriate). The sketch should give a general idea Sketch of the required shape or relationship and should include relevant features. State Give a specific name, value, or other brief answer without explanation or calculation. Suggest Propose a solution, hypothesis, or other possible answer. Consider the merits or otherwise of an argument or concept. Opinions and conclusions should be presented To what extent clearly and supported with appropriate evidence and sound argument. Reference: International Baccalaureate Organization. (2025). Diploma Programme Assessment Procedures. International Baccalaureate. 16 1. This section includes open-ended questions. Answer the questions from (a) to (j) based on the information provided in the reading passage. THEME 1 (a) Define Chemistry and discuss its significance in scientific inquiry................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ INTERACTION.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (b) Explain the main disciplines of chemistry and provide examples of their applications. PART 1: CHEMISTRY IS LIFE................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 (c) Outline the role of analytical chemistry in various industries and scientific fields. THEME 1.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. INTERACTION..................................................................................................................................................................................................... (d) Evaluate the importance of organic chemistry in understanding the structure and properties of living organisms. PART 1: CHEMISTRY IS LIFE................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18 (e) Discuss the principles of physical chemistry and their relevance in studying chemical systems. THEME 1.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. INTERACTION..................................................................................................................................................................................................... (f) Examine the applications of biochemistry in understanding biological processes and diseases. PART 1: CHEMISTRY IS LIFE................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 (g) Explain the concept of polymer chemistry and its significance in material science. THEME 1.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. INTERACTION..................................................................................................................................................................................................... (h) Evaluate the impact of industrial chemistry on mass production and product efficiency. PART 1: CHEMISTRY IS LIFE................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 (i) Discuss the significance of inorganic chemistry in understanding natural substances and environmental processes. THEME 1.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. INTERACTION..................................................................................................................................................................................................... (j) Analyze the role of chemistry in the production and analysis of pharmaceuticals and food products. PART 1: CHEMISTRY IS LIFE................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21 2. This section includes fill-in-the-blank type questions. Fill in the blanks using the words provided in the table below. THEME 1 chemicals respiration nutrients macromolecules quantitative heat chemical carbon physical KOH analytical living things vegetable qualitative organic INTERACTION ◆ Inorganic chemistry focuses on the physical and chemical properties of compounds that typically lack ____________________. ◆ ____________________ chemistry studies the properties of compounds primarily composed of carbon atoms. ◆ Physical chemistry investigates the properties and behavior of chemical systems, including ____________________ and chemical work transformations. ◆ Biochemistry explores chemical events and processes within the structure of ____________________. ◆ Polymer chemistry deals with the formation, properties, and applications of ____________________. ◆ The petrochemical industry deals with the processing of oil, natural gas, and their products through ____________________ and ____________________ methods. ◆ Analytical chemistry involves both ____________________ and ____________________ analysis of matter. PART 1: CHEMISTRY IS LIFE ◆ Biochemistry explores chemical processes within living organisms, such as ____________________ and digestion. ◆ Determining the types and amounts of chemical substances found in material samples such as water, soil, air, blood, urine, tissue residues is the area of interest of ____________________ chemistry. ◆ Food chemistry examines the components, structures, and changes in ____________________ ◆ Cleaning materials, like soap, are produced through chemical reactions involving ____________________ and animal oils, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and potassium hydroxide ____________________. ◆ Industrial chemistry aims to enhance efficiency and quality while reducing costs in mass production through the use of ____________________ 22 3. This section includes matching type questions. A- Match the branches of Chemistry with their respective descriptions: THEME 1 Liﬆ A: Liﬆ B: 1. Analytical Chemistry A. Studies the physical and chemical properties of non-organic compounds. 2. Inorganic Chemistry B. Examines chemical components of matter and amounts qualitatively and quantitatively. 3. Organic Chemistry C. Focuses on compounds containing carbon atoms and their INTERACTION properties. 4. Physical Chemistry D. Investigates properties and behavior of chemical systems. 5. Biochemistry E. Studies chemical events and processes within living organisms. B- Match the sub-disciplines of Chemistry with their respective descriptions: Liﬆ A: Liﬆ B: PART 1: CHEMISTRY IS LIFE A. Studies the formation, properties, and applications of polymers. 1. Polymer Chemistry B. Focuses on the industry's use of chemicals to increase 2. Industrial Chemistry efficiency and product quality. C. Deals with oil, natural gas, and the products obtained from 3. Petrochemical Industry them. D. Involves the production and usage of dyes in various 4. Paint Industry applications. 23 C- Match the chemical products with their corresponding descriptions: Liﬆ A: Liﬆ B: THEME 1 A. Formed by reactions of vegetable and animal oils with sodium 1. Detergent hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. 2. Soap B. Produced from petroleum products and used for cleaning purposes. 3. Paint C. Contains chemicals used to whiten or disinfect materials. D. A liquid or paste applied to surfaces for protection or 4. Bleach decoration. INTERACTION D- Match the chemical processes with their respective industries. Liﬆ A: Liﬆ B: A. Uses chemicals in the production and treatment of fabrics. 1. Synthesis of pharmaceuticals B. Deals with the conversion of petroleum and natural gas into 2. Food processing useful products. C. Utilizes chemical processes to prepare and preserve food 3. Petrochemical production products. D. Involves the use of chemistry to develop and produce 4. Textile manufacturing medicines. PART 1: CHEMISTRY IS LIFE E- Match the chemical terms with their corresponding definitions: Liﬆ A: Liﬆ B: 1. Qualitative analysis A. Method used to measure the amount of compounds in a substance. 2. Quantitative analysis B. Examination of the components a substance consists of. C. Large molecules formed by combining smaller molecules. 3. Polymer D. Study focused on increasing efficiency and quality in mass 4. Industrial Chemistry production processes. 24 4. This section includes True and False-type questions. Determine if the statements given are true or false based on the reading passage. True (T) False (F) THEME 1 Statement a) Chemistry primarily investigates the structure, properties, combinations, interactions, and reactions of living organisms. b) Analytical Chemistry examines chemical components of matter and amounts only qualitatively. c) Organic Chemistry focuses on compounds that do not contain carbon atoms. d) Physical Chemistry studies the properties and behavior of chemical systems but does not include thermodynamics and chemical kinetics. e) Industrial Chemistry is a sub-discipline of Chemistry that is concerned with increas- ing efficiency and quality in mass production processes. INTERACTION f) Polymer Chemistry deals with the formation, properties, and applications of polymers, which are small molecules formed by decomposing larger molecules. g) Biochemistry studies chemical events and processes within non-living organisms. h) Inorganic Chemistry focuses on the physical and chemical properties of non-organic compounds such as acids, bases, and salts. i) Qualitative analysis is a method used to measure the amount of compounds in a substance. j) Petrochemical Industry is the industry that deals with oil, natural gas, and the products obtained from them. k) Both soaps and detergents are produced from animal fats or vegetable oils reacting with a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide. l) Analytical chemistry is primarily used in the field of cosmetics for qualitative analysis. m) Inorganic chemistry focuses on studying the physical and chemical properties of organic compounds. PART 1: CHEMISTRY IS LIFE n) Physical chemistry encompasses fields such as electrochemistry, thermodynamics, and chemical kinetics. o) Biochemistry examines chemical events and processes that occur only in plants. p) Polymer chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that studies the formation of monomers. q) Industrial chemistry deals with the production of medicines, food additives, and cleaning agents. r) Food chemistry focuses solely on the preservation of food products. s) Liquid Soap is formed by the reaction of oils with potassium hydroxide. t) The petrochemical industry deals with the transformation of renewable energy sources into useful products 25 TEST 1 CHEMISTRY AND ITS DISCIPLINES This section includes multiple choice questions. THEME 1 Choose the correct option from the provided choices for the following questions. 1. What best describes chemistry? 4. What type of analysis examines the determination of the A) The study of minerals amount of a substance in a sample of matter? B) The study of matter and its properties A) Qualitative analysis C) The study of organic and inorganic products B) Quantitative analysis D) The study of living things C) Biochemical analysis E) The study of the environment D) Organic analysis E) Inorganic analysis INTERACTION 5. Which branch of chemistry studies the physical and chemical properties of non-organic compounds? A) Physical chemistry 2. What are the main disciplines of chemistry? B) Analytical chemistry A) Geology, biology, and physics C) Organic chemistry B) Analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, and D) Inorganic chemistry mathematics E) Biochemistry C) Biochemistry, polymer chemistry, and industrial PUBLISHING chemistry D) Analytical chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and organic chemistry E) Physics, biology, and computer science 6. What type of compounds does organic chemistry primarily study? A) Compounds containing carbon atoms B) Compounds containing nitrogen atoms C) Compounds containing oxygen atoms PART 1: CHEMISTRY IS LIFE D) Compounds containing hydrogen atoms E) Compounds containing metal atoms 3. Which discipline of chemistry examines the chemical 7. What is the discipline of chemistry that studies the components of matter qualitatively and quantitatively? properties and behavior of chemical systems? A) Organic chemistry A) Analytical chemistry B) Physical chemistry B) Biochemistry C) Analytical chemistry C) Physical chemistry D) Biochemistry D) Inorganic chemistry E) Inorganic chemistry E) Organic chemistry 26 THEME 1 8. Which area of chemistry examines chemical events and 12. Which industry deals with oil, natural gas, and the processes occurring in the structure of living things? products obtained from them? A) Physical chemistry A) Textile industry B) Analytical chemistry B) Pharmaceutical industry C) Inorganic chemistry C) Petrochemical industry D) Organic chemistry D) Food industry E) Biochemistry E) Automotive industry INTERACTION 13. What chemical substance is used in the production of 9. Which is not a polymer? soap? A) DNA A) Sodium Chloride (NaCl) B) PVC B) Potassium hydroxide (KOH) C) TEFLON C) Sulfuric acid D) Protein D) Hydrochloric acid E) Motor oil E) Nitric acid PUBLISHING 10. Which sub-discipline of chemistry studies the formation, usage areas, and properties of macromolecules? 14. Which is not a petroleum product? A) Analytical chemistry A) Kerosene B) Industrial chemistry B) Asphalt pitch C) Polymer chemistry C) Soap D) Biochemistry D) Paraffin PART 1: CHEMISTRY IS LIFE E) Inorganic chemistry E) Hydrocarbons 11. What sub-discipline of chemistry focuses on increasing efficiency, quality, and reducing the cost of products in 15. Which industry primarily focuses on transforming mass production? petroleum and petroleum products into other products? A) Analytical chemistry A) Textile industry B) Industrial chemistry B) Pharmaceutical industry C) Polymer chemistry C) Food industry D) Biochemistry D) Petrochemical industry E) Inorganic chemistry E) Automotive industry 27 TEST 2 CHEMISTRY AND ITS DISCIPLINES 1. What is the smallest structural unit of a polymer? 4. Which is not one of the primary usage areas of dyes as THEME 1 A) Atom mentioned in the text? B) Molecule A) Construction C) Monomer B) Agriculture D) Compound C) Textile E) Dimer D) Polymer E) Metal INTERACTION 5. Which area of chemistry studies the chemical events and processes occurring in the structure of living things? A) Physical chemistry B) Analytical chemistry C) Inorganic chemistry D) Organic chemistry E) Biochemistry 2. Which is not an industrial chemical product? A) Bleach B) Paint PUBLISHING C) Soap D) Cement E) Cellulose 6. Which of the following is not one of the areas of interest in analytical chemistry? A) Exploring new chemical elements B) Understanding quantum mechanics C) Pharmaceuticals PART 1: CHEMISTRY IS LIFE D) Determination of the content of matter E) Archeology 7. Which branch of chemistry mainly deals with the study 3. Which is not one of the areas of interest of organic of chemical compounds and reactions in the soil, water chemistry? and air ? A) Dyes A) Analytical chemistry B) Drugs B) Physical chemistry C) Plastics C) Environmental chemistry D) Explosives D) Biochemistry E) Metals E) Industrial chemistry 28 THEME 1 8. What is the study of the physical and chemical properties 12. Which chemical compound is not used in the production of minerals ? of cleaning materials? A) Organic chemistry A) Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) B) Inorganic chemistry B) Potassium hydroxide (KOH) C) Physical chemistry C) Acetic acid D) Analytical chemistry D) Petroleum products E) Biochemistry E) Kerosene INTERACTION 9. Which area of chemistry involves the examination of 13. Which branch of chemistry studies the rate of chemical what components a substance consists of? reactions? A) Qualitative analysis A) Analytical chemistry B) Quantitative analysis B) Biochemistry C) Biochemical analysis C) Inorganic chemistry D) Organic analysis D) Organic chemistry E) Inorganic analysis E) Physical chemistry PUBLISHING 14. What are the large molecules formed by combining a 10. Which is not an organic compound? large number of molecules called? A) Hydrocarbon A) Atoms B) Water B) Ions C) Caffeine C) Compounds D) Motor-oil D) Elements PART 1: CHEMISTRY IS LIFE E) Paraffin E) Polymers 11. Which of the following is not one of the areas of interest 15. Which product is produced using petroleum products in physical chemistry ? as the raw material? A) Heat exchange in chemical reactions A) Starch B) Thermal conductivity B) Vegetable oils C) Chemical kinetics C) Soap D) Synthesis of chemicals D) Detergent E) Batteries E) Potassium hydroxide (KOH) 29 THEME 1 INTERACTION PART 1: CHEMISTRY IS LIFE The following sections will cover a reading passage and related questions on the following subjects: Automobiles Building materials Personal care products Cleaning products Electronics Polymers 30 CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY PRODUCTS THEME 1 Innovations and technologies made possible by chemistry touch nearly all of the products we use every day. Chemistry is essential to modern life. From home and personal care products, to clothing and sports equipment, to automobiles and electronics, chemistry helps make possible thousands of products we rely on every day. Chemistry provides a range of important benefits in these products. Automobiles can be manufactured to be light weight and more fuel efficient, building materials are more durable and resilient, and electronics like cell phones, computers and televisions have enhanced functionality to meet the technology needs of today’s consumers. Chemistry is used all over the cars we drive today, from the exterior paint, bumpers and headlights to interior seats, dashboard components, and the seatbelts and airbags that help protect passengers. Plastics can even be found in lithium polymer car barriers that power some hybrid INTERACTION and electric vehicles. Plastics are used in a variety of innovative ways to help make cars safer and more fuel efficient. In addition, plastics also make vehicles more lightweight, help increase fuel efficiency and reduce carbon emissions. Buildings play a central role in all of our lives. And materials made possible by chemistry are used throughout buildings – from rooftops to wall and floor coverings, to insulation to countertops and surfaces. In buildings, the products of chemistry like silicone sealants and polyurethane foams contribute to innovative solutions that can help address environmental and sustainability challenges – from enhancing energy efficiency to improving building resiliency. Chemistry plays an essential role in many of the products and technologies that people use every day. Just a few examples of PART 1: CHEMISTRY IS LIFE products that rely on chemistry to enhance their usability and performance include: Personal Care Products: From lotions, soap and shampoo to makeup and deodorant and many more, personal care products often rely on surfactants that help make these products easy to apply and effective. 31 Cleaning Products: Chemistry ingredients in household cleaning products, THEME 1 laundry detergents and other products can help safely and effectively remove soils, germs and other contaminants, helping to prevent the spread of infectious diseases and control allergens, such as dust and mold. Sports Equipment: Cyclists, skiers, hikers, mountain climbers and other INTERACTION outdoor enthusiasts often rely on carbon fiber-reinforced plastic gear and safety equipment, from skis, boots, helmets and shin guards to goggles and other protective eyewear products. Electronics and Appliances: From televisions, computers and cell phones to appliances like refrigerators, microwaves and more, chemistries including silicones, polycarbonate plastics, phthalates and more can help make these products durable, heat resistant and enhance performance. A wide variety of chemistry materials, from fluoropolymers and flame retardants, to silicones, polycarbonate plastics, phthalates and more, are used in the manufacture of electronics products, to help make them lightweight, durable and functional to meet the technology needs of today’s consumers. For example, plastic components are essential to advances in weight reduction and miniaturization in many electronic PART 1: CHEMISTRY IS LIFE products, helping to make electronics strong and durable, protecting vital technological components while also using less material in production. In addition, plastics can be engineered to meet very specific performance requirements, often helping to achieve greater energy efficiency over the course of a product’s life. Polymers: Polymers are in products we use everyday that help keep us safe. They are in bicycle helmets, child safety seats, and automotive airbags that protect us and the cell phones that connect us. Polymers such as stretch films also help keep the foods we eat and serve to our families safer and fresher than ever before. 32 1. This section includes open-ended questions. Answer the questions from (a) to (j) based on the information provided in the reading passage. THEME 1 (a) Define the role of chemistry in enhancing the functionality of automobiles, providing specific examples from the text.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... INTERACTION.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (b) Evaluate the significance of plastics in modern cars, considering their impact on safety, fuel efficiency, and environmental concerns. PART 1: CHEMISTRY IS LIFE.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 33 (c) Analyze the contribution of chemistry to the durability and sustainability of building materials, citing specific examples men- tioned in the text. THEME 1.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. INTERACTION (d) Discuss the importance of chemistry in personal care products, focusing on the role of surfactants and their effectiveness.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (e) Assess the impact of chemistry in household cleaning products, emphasizing their role in removing contaminants and prevent- PART 1: CHEMISTRY IS LIFE ing the spread of infectious diseases........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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