GB Rev.pdf

GreatBooks_Reviewer Reading Techniques - These are the styles, systems, or practices in decoding symbols for better comprehension for communication, sharing of information and ideas. 1. Cognitive Process - the process of thinking and remembering. 2. Decoding - to recognize and interpret informatio...

GreatBooks_Reviewer Reading Techniques - These are the styles, systems, or practices in decoding symbols for better comprehension for communication, sharing of information and ideas. 1. Cognitive Process - the process of thinking and remembering. 2. Decoding - to recognize and interpret information. 3. Deriving - to take, receive, or obtain something from a specified source. 4. Language Acquisition - the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language. Skimming - method of rapidly moving the eyes over text to get only the main ideas and general over content. Pre-reading Reviewing Reading Scanning - finding specific information such as name, date, or fact without reading the entire article. Phrase Reading - Grouping of words that go together to mean something; also known as 'chunking Non-Prose reading Graphs Diagrams Charts Maps Deep Reading - Active process of thoughtful and deliberate reading carried out to enhance one's comprehension and enjoyment of a text. Also called "slow reading" Critical Approaches to Reading Literature Critical Approaches to Reading Literature are different perspectives we consider when looking at a piece of literature. They seek to give us answers to these questions in addition to aiding us in interpreting literature: 1. What do we read? 2. Why do we read? 3. How do we read? Text Focused How can we understand literary works in terms of themselves? Context Focused How can we understand literary works by understanding the contextual circumstances historical, social, cultural, political economic-out of which they emerged? Reader Focused How can we understand literary works by understanding the subjective experience of reading them? Author Focused How can we understand literary works by understanding their authors? The Basics (Formalist, New Historicism & Reader Response Criticisms) New Criticism (Formalist) - This evolved out of the same root theoretical system as deconstructionism, called formalist criticism. This works with the elements of a text only - irony, paradox, metaphor, symbol, plot, etc. – by engaging in extremely close textual analysis. - text-focused - Fixed meaning - Timeliness/ Universal New Historicism - focuses on the literary text as part of a larger social and historical context, and the modern reader's interaction with that work. - Stephen Greenblatt is the man credited with inventing new historicism. He claims that literature is always historical. He was the first to use the term, new historicism - Context focused - Give appropriate background information to help readers to understand how text we've perceived in their time. Reader-response Criticism - removes the focus from the text and places it on the reader instead, by attempting to describe what goes on in the reader's mind during the reading of a text. - reader focused, interpretation will likely change overtime as they have more & more experiences to bring with them. The Political Criticisms (Feminist & Marxist) Queer Theory or Gender Studies (wala sa diniscuss) - questions and problematizes the issues of gender identity and sexual orientation in literary texts. Queer theory overlaps in many respects with feminist theory in its aims and goals, being at once political and practical. Feminist Criticism - This tries to correct predominantly male-dominated critical perspectives with a feminist consciousness. This form of criticism places literature in a social context and employs a broad range of disciplines, such as history, psychology, sociology, and linguistics, to create a perspective that considers feminist issues. - Context Focused Western is Patriarchal Civilization - Patriarchal ideas pervade literature Marxist Criticism - is a strongly politically-oriented criticism, deriving from the theories of the social philosopher Karl Marx. Marxist critics insist that all use of language is influenced by social class and economics. - Context focused have/have not's - Alienated by power, wealthy & politics The Challenging Lenses (Deconstruction & Psychological Criticism) Deconstruction - suggests that language is not a stable entity, and that we can never exactly say what we mean. Therefore, literature cannot give a reader any one single meaning, because the language itself is simply too ambiguous. - text based - tearing down of any meaning with in a text by a variety of readers - everything & anything can be relative to you Psychological Criticism - The basis of this approach is the idea of the existence of a human consciousness: those impulses, desires, and feelings about which a person is unaware but which influence emotions or behavior. - Author-focused - View character as a reflection of the author herself/himself. - Uses in depth character analysis to understand ulterior motivate of the characters Reading Techniques Pre-reading/Review Scan unfamiliar words from the story they will read then list them on their notes. Find the meanings of the words from their dictionary. Cognitive process and decoding: process of thinking, remembering, and recognizing information Reading Group the words that go together to comprehend what is carried out in the text. Enjoy the story. Obtaining ideas from the story and acquiring the capacity to perceive and comprehend language Clarifying Stop reading when the text no longer makes sense Synopsis of The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night (Vol. 1): The book is a translation of the famous Middle Eastern collection of folk tales known as One Thousand and One Nights, or The Arabian Nights. The tales are framed within the larger narrative of Shahrazad, the daughter of the grand vizier. To save herself from execution by King Shahryar, who has a habit of killing his brides after their first night, Shahrazad tells the king a series of fascinating stories, ending each night with a cliffhanger to ensure her survival. The collection features a variety of magical, adventurous, and romantic tales, including stories of kings, merchants, thieves, genies, and magical creatures. In Volume 1, some of the prominent tales include: The Tale of King Shahryar and His Brother, King Shahzaman: This story sets up the frame narrative of Shahrazad's storytelling. After discovering their wives' infidelity, the two kings become disillusioned. Shahryar marries a new woman each day and has her executed the next morning—until he marries Shahrazad, who begins telling him a never-ending sequence of tales. The Tale of the Merchant and the Ifrit: A merchant accidentally kills a jinni’s son and is threatened with death. Three sheikhs share their stories in exchange for sparing the merchant’s life, illustrating themes of fate, punishment, and mercy. The Fisherman and the Jinni: A fisherman releases a jinni from a sealed jar, only to be threatened with death. Using his wit, the fisherman tricks the jinni back into the jar and bargains for his life, touching on themes of cleverness and justice. Each tale often contains other stories within it, creating a rich and intricate web of narratives.