Ot Lecture 2 Fall 2024 PDF

An Overview of Occupational Therapy for Children Dr. Amal Fathy Ahmed Lecturer of physical therapy for Pediatrics sinaiuniversity.net Amal Fathy SU 2024  Pediatric occupational therapy....

An Overview of Occupational Therapy for Children Dr. Amal Fathy Ahmed Lecturer of physical therapy for Pediatrics sinaiuniversity.net Amal Fathy SU 2024  Pediatric occupational therapy. Slide 4 Settings where occupational therapy services introduced. Slide 5 Roles of occupational therapy with children in specific practice settings. Slide 6 Child- and family-centered practice. Slide 8 Comprehensive evaluation. Slide 11 INDEX Effective intervention. Slide 14 Inclusion and natural environments. Slide 25 Cross-cultural competence. Slide 28 Scientific reasoning and evidence-based practice. Slide 31 Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg Objectives Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg Pediatric Occupational therapy a practice that uses goal-directed activities to promote the child functional independence in many different settings of society. Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg Settings where occupational therapy services introduced: o Hospitals. o Schools/Special schools. o Homes. o Private Clinics. o Rehabilitation Centers. o Work Places. Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg  Roles of occupational therapy with children in specific practice settings Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg Relate directly to evaluation Describe the nature of practice and intervention: and the environments. Child- and family- Inclusion and natural centered practice. environments. Comprehensive Cross-cultural evaluation. competency. Professional reasoning Effective interventions. and evidence-based practice. Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg  1. Child- and family-centered practice Area of Intervention Principles Child and family concerns and interests are assessed in a Assessment welcoming and open interview. The child and family are valued members of the intervention team. Team interaction Relationships among team members are valued and nourished. Intervention Child and parents guide intervention strategies and choose the level of participation. Lifespan approach The child becomes the primary decision maker for intervention For more info: Slidesgo | Blog | FAQsgoals and activities in preadolescence and adolescence. Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg The Perceived Efficacy and Goal Setting System (PEGS) Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg Main parents’ concerns: Specific, objective information. Flexibility in service delivery. Sensitivity and responsiveness to their concerns. Positive, optimistic attitudes. Technical expertise and skills. Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg  2. Comprehensive evaluation Evaluation Occupational Therapist’s Role Tools, Informants Component Occupational Obtains information about developmental Informal interview and observation with profile and functional strengths and limitations. parents, teachers, and other caregivers. Assessment of Assesses areas of developmental Standardized evaluations. performance performance, functional behaviors. Structured observation. Analysis of Analyzes underlying reasons for limitations In-depth structured observations. performance in performance. Focused standardized evaluations. Assessment of the environment (supports Focused observations. Environment For more info: and constraints). Interview of teachers and parents. Slidesgo | Blog | FAQs Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg  Ecologic assessment: o Physical and social demands. o Cultural influences, resources, and value systems of the setting. o Standardized ecologic assessments. o Evaluate the contexts in which the child learns, plays, and interacts. Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg  3. Effective intervention 2 1 Adapting activities 3 and modifying the environment. Providing interventions Consulting, educating, to enhance performance. and advocating. Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg 1. Providing interventions to enhance performance Core elements in the therapeutic process: a Optimize the child’s active engagement b Provide a just right challenge Provide adequate and C Establish a therapeutic relationship d appropriate intensity and reinforcement Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg a. Optimize the child’s active engagement The child sustains full attention, adapts a meaningful goal, and creates more playful and social interaction that promotes motor control. Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg  b. Provide a just right challenge right level of complexity that (1) Matches the child’s developmental skills and interests. (2) Provides a reasonable challenge that motivates the child. (3) Can be mastered with the child effort. Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg  c. Establish a therapeutic relationship A relationship of trust that reinforces the importance of the child’s efforts to value his preferences and goals by: 1) Imitating the child’s actions. 2) Waiting for the child’s response. 3) Establishing eye contact, using gentle touch, and making non-evaluative comments. Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg d. Provide adequate and appropriate intensity and reinforcement ○ Intense intervention that involve repeated practice and progressive challenge has greater positive effects on performance. ○ Positive reinforcement that includes both intrinsic and extrinsic feedback has positive effects on performance. Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg 2. Adapting activities and modifying the environment A Interventions Using Assistive Technology. B Environmental Modification. Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg  A. Interventions Using Assistive Technology OT supports the use of assistive technology by: Identifying the most appropriate device. Helping families obtain funding to purchase the device. Setting up or program the system. Training others to use it and monitor its use. switch toys, battery-powered toys and enlarged handles on puzzle pieces. Low and high technology solutions increase independence, enhance language, social and perceptual skills, and prevent behavioral problems. Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg  Selected according to the child’s individual abilities, desired activities, and environmental supports and constraints. Adaptable and flexible. Selected in consultation with caregivers, teachers, and other professionals. Extensive training and follow-up should be done. —Themes of the use of assistive technology Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg  B. Environmental Modification Due to the dynamic nature of the child and the environment, adaptations to the environment may require ongoing assessment to evaluate the goodness of fit between the child and the modified environment and determine when adjustments need to be made. Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg 3. Consulting, educating, and advocating Consultation Services: A Clarifying the child’s disorder. Identifying new and different intervention recommendations. Adapting instructional activities and modifying environment. Education and advocacy: B Educating care giver to improve accessibility to school, or community activities. Modifying curriculum materials and developing educational materials. Improve attitudes toward disabilities. Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg  4. Inclusion and natural environments o OT services that support inclusion  The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act: services provided in natural environments (e.g., home, childcare center, community schools and regular education classrooms) and least restrictive environment. Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg o Inclusive Services in Schools Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg  Desired outcomes: Children with disabilities are full participants in school, preschool activities. They have friends and relationships with their peers. Learn within the general educational curriculum. Participate to the fullest extent possible in their communities. All children learn to appreciate individual differences. Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg  5. Cross-cultural competence:  It is the ability to think, feel, and act in ways that acknowledge, respect, and build upon ethnic, [socio] cultural and linguistic diversity. Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg  Elements: Knowledge of information specific to each culture. Interaction skills sensitive to cultural differences. Diversity of ethnicity and race can be viewed as a risk or as a resource to child development. Poverty affect children’s developmental and health outcomes, with limited access to health care and lack resources. Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg  Cultural Values and Styles That Influence Children’s Development of Occupations: 1. Family composition. 2. Primary caregiver. 3. Independence/ interdependence. 4. Communication and interaction. 5. Discipline. 6. Perception of disability. Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg 6. Scientific reasoning and evidence-based practice Seek and apply practices that have research evidence of effectiveness along with own experiences and family priorities to make decisions about interventions. Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg The triangle of quality of evidence Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg  Examples of interventions and models that have growing evidence of positive effects on children and families: 1. Sensory integration. 2. Sensory Modalities (sensory-based interventions): Touch-based interventions (e.g., Hug Machine treatment). Sound-based interventions. Vestibular and proprioceptive input. Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg 3. Play-Based, Relationship-Focused Interventions (e.g., Denver Model and Relationship development intervention (RDI)). 4. Family-Centered Care (e.g., parent education model and child- focused models). Amal Fathy SU 2024 www.su.edu.eg  For any questions feel free to contact me by e-mail [email protected] Dr. Amal Fathy Lecturer of physical therapy for pediatrics Amal Fathy SU 2024