Origins Of Globalization PowerPoint PDF

THE CONTEMPORAR Y WORLD Marjorie M. Montero, LPT  HELLO EVERYONE Let's Explore New Horizons Together  ORIGINS AND HISTORY OF GLOBALIZATION  5 DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES REGARDING THE ORIGINS OF GLOBALIZATION HARDWIRED  HARDWIRED According to Nayan Chanda (2007), globali...

THE CONTEMPORAR Y WORLD Marjorie M. Montero, LPT  HELLO EVERYONE Let's Explore New Horizons Together  ORIGINS AND HISTORY OF GLOBALIZATION  5 DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES REGARDING THE ORIGINS OF GLOBALIZATION HARDWIRED  HARDWIRED According to Nayan Chanda (2007), globalization is possible because of our basic human need to improve our lives.  HARDWIRED Chanda (2007) mentioned that commerce, religion, politics and warfare are the “urges” of people toward a better life.  HARDWIRED These are connected to four aspects of globalization: trade, missionary work, adventures, and conquest. CYCLES  CYCLES Globalization is a long-term cyclical process and thus, finding its origin will be a daunting task.  CYCLES This view suggests the idea that other global ages have appeared. There is also the notion to suspect that this point of globalization will soon disappear and reappear. EPOCH  EPOCH These are also called “waves” and each has its own origin. Today’s globalization is not unique if this is the case. The difference of this view from the second view is that it does not treat epochs as returning.  EPOCH Ritser (2015) cited Therborn’s (2000) six great epochs of globalization.  SIX GREAT EPOCHS OF GLOBALIZATION 1.Globalization of Religion 2.European colonial conquests 3.Intra-European Wars 4.Heyday of European imperialism 5.Post-World Wad II Period 6.Post-Cold War Period EVENTS  EVENTS Specific events are also considered as part of the fourth view in explaining the origin of globalization.  EVENTS Gibbon (1998)argued that Roman conquests centuries before Christ were its origin.  EVENTS In an issue of the magazine the Economist (2006, January 12), it considered the rampage of the armies Genghis Khan into Eastern Europe in the thirteenth century.  EVENTS Rosenthal (2007) gave premium to voyages of discovery — Christopher Columbus’ discovery of America in 1942, Vasco De Gama in Cape of Good Hope in 1942, and Ferdinand Magellan’s circumnavigation of the globe in 1521.  EVENTS The recent years could also be regarded as the beginnings of globalization with reference to specific technological advances in transportation and communication.  BROADER, MORE RECENT CHANGES  BROADER, MORE RECENT CHANGES Three notable changes as the origin of globalization. 1.The emergence of the United States as the global power 2.The emergence of multinational corporations 3.The demise of Soviet Union and the end of cold war  Global Demography  DEMOGRAPHY Demography is the statistical study of human populations. Demographers use census data, surveys, and statistical models to analyze the size, movement, and structure of populations.  POPULATION A group of individuals of the same species living and interbreeding within a given area.  DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION It is a singular historical period during which mortality and fertility decline from high to low levels in a particular country or region. The ongoing transition in global demography is caused by formal migration and some historical events, such as colonialism, inter- war reduction, and post-world war migration. The development from pre- industrial to industrialized economy also caused this transition from high to low mortality and fertility. It is observed that most developed nations have completed this transition and thus have low birth rates and high income; developing nations, however, are still in transition It is debatable whether higher income results in lower population growth, or whether lower population leads to higher income Lee (2003) stated that the transition to low mortality rate was influenced by the reduction of contagious and infectious diseases caused by advancements in medicine and improved nutrition because of the presence of local and international markets due to better transportation of goods. Since globalization has something to do with the population demand of a state, its effect on demography in terms of overpopulation must be noted. In the Philippine context, overpopulation did not manifest. However, some experts in local or internal migration suggest that due to the promise of a good quality of living, Filipinos from rural areas Thove to cities thus causing overpopulation. Internal migration may cause Overpopulation in some areas of the country.  Global Migration Migration is the movement of a person or people from one country, locality, place of residence, etc., to settle in another; an instance of this. The nuances of the movements of people around the world can be seen through the categories of migrants — “vagabonds” and “tourists”(Bauman, 1998). Vagabonds are on the move because they have to be (Ritzer, 2015) — they are not faring well in their home countries and are forced to move in the hope that their circumstance will improve. Tourists, on the other hand, are on the move because they want to be and because they can afford it. Refugees are vagabonds forced to flee their home countries due to safety concerns (Haddad, 2003) Who is a refugee? A refugee is a person who has fled their own country because they are at risk of serious human rights violations and persecution there. The risks to their safety and life were so great that they felt they had no choice but to leave and seek safety outside their country because their own government cannot or will not protect them from those dangers. Refugees have a right to international protection. Asylum seekers are refugees who seek to remain in the country to which they flee. Who is an asylum seeker? An asylum seeker is a person who has left their country and is seeking protection from persecution and serious human rights violations in another country, but who hasn’t yet been legally recognized as a refugee and is waiting to receive a decision on their asylum claim. Seeking asylum is a human right. This means everyone should be allowed to enter another country to seek asylum. Who is a migrant? There is no internationally accepted legal definition of a migrant. Like most agencies and organizations, we at Amnesty International understand migrants to be people staying outside their country of origin, who are not asylum seekers or refugees. Who is a migrant? Some migrants leave their country because they want to work, study or join family, for example. Others feel they must leave because of poverty, political unrest, gang violence, natural disasters or other serious circumstances that exist there. Labor Migration It is driven by “push” factors as well as “pull” factors. It mainly involves the flow of less- skilled and unskilled workers, as well as illigal immigrants who live on the margins of the host society (Lander, 2007 ) Labor Migration still faces many restrictions. An infux of migrants can lead to conflicts with local residents. Concern about terrorism also affect the desire of the state to restrict population flow. THANK YOU