Organic Chemistry PDF for Medicine Students
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Uploaded by InfallibleForethought9083
Yeditepe University
Prof. Dr. İnci Özden
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This document is a set of notes on organic chemistry, specifically geared towards medical students at Yeditepe University. The notes cover various topics including classification of organic compounds, different types of chemical structures, and examples. It has many diagrams and formulas making the content easy to understand.
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY FOR FACULTY OF MEDICINE STUDENTS PROF. DR. İNCİ ÖZDEN Organic Chemistry deals with the compounds which contain CARBON atoms. Besides, hydrogen atoms are the other important components of such compounds. In addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms, other atoms such as; oxygen, nitrog...
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY FOR FACULTY OF MEDICINE STUDENTS PROF. DR. İNCİ ÖZDEN Organic Chemistry deals with the compounds which contain CARBON atoms. Besides, hydrogen atoms are the other important components of such compounds. In addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms, other atoms such as; oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur atoms may also occur. These atoms are referred to as Hetero Atoms. WHY IS ORGANIC CHEMISTRY NECCESSARY FOR A PHYSICIAN? The answer is very simple: Because the Human Body is a splendid laboratory where Organic Compounds undergo thousands of reactions. Besides, ****the food: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and the Vitamins are all organic compounds. **** the structural components of the Body are primarily Organic Compounds, e.g. Keratin of the hair, Collagen of the bones, Proteins of the muscles, etc…….. Organic compounds are classified as: ALIPHATIC : Acyclic (saturated or unsaturated) They don’t possess RING structure Alicyclic They possess RING structure AROMATIC : They possess BENZENE ring Carbocyclic Heterocyclic Content of ORGANIC CHEMISTRY ALIPHATIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS : Acyclic organic compounds Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes Alicyclic compounds AROMATIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ALCOHOLS ETHERS PHENOLS CARBOXYLIC ACIDS ESTERS AMIDES AMINES ALDEHYDES KETONES SULPHATED COMPOUNDS CARBOHYDRATES PROTEINS LIPIDS NUCLEIC ACIDS VITAMINS ALKANES General Formula: Nomenclature Suffix: -ane ALKENES General Formula: ( ) Nomenclature Suffix: -ylene (-ene) Ethylene (ethene) Propylene (propene) 2-Butylene (2-butene) Isobutylene (isobutene)(isomer of 2-butene) 1,3-butadien ALKYNES General Formula: Nomenclature Suffix: -yne Acetylene (Ethyne) Butyne Alicyclic Compounds Carbocyclic Composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms Heterocyclic In addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms, nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur atoms may occur AROMATIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ****They possess Benzene ring. There are also aromatic compounds comprising of more than one benzene ring. At each corner of the benzene ring, one hydrogen atom exists. Due to resonance, two formulas are the hybrids of one another. ****They may also possess five membered ring structure ****There are also HETEROaromatic compounds, they contain atoms, such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur. Components of RNA and DNA: Purine and Pyrimidine nucleotides have such heteroaromatic compounds in their structure, as well as five membered ring. Heteroaromatic rings and one of them is five membered Thio- Prefix indicates Sulphur atom Examples to Heteroaromatic compounds (five membered or six membered) Pyrrole (Four Pyrrole exist in the structure of Hemoglobin) Some monosaccharides have furane structure ALCOHOLS Nomenclature General Formula: Suffix: -ol Alcohols contain -OH (hydroxyl) group All monosaccharides (sugars) are alcohols Constituent of Triacylglycerols (storage lipids of the body) contain GLYCEROL. Glycerol is an alcohol. ETHERS WHAT IS PHENOL? CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
