Org Chem Lecture PhB 201 BUA Fall 2024 PDF

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department Org. Chem. (PhB 201) Lecture 1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry 2  What is mean by Organic Chemistry? Is a chemistry area which study structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds. Organic chemistry is the chemistry of c...

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department Org. Chem. (PhB 201) Lecture 1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry 2  What is mean by Organic Chemistry? Is a chemistry area which study structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds. Organic chemistry is the chemistry of compounds that contain the element carbon.  Fields of Organic Chemistry 4  Periodic Table of Elements 5 Structure of the Atom (Subatomic Particles) Electron: Electricity + -on (particle) Neutron: Neutral + on 6  Atomic number Number of protons in the nucleus 7  Mass Number (Atomic Mass) It is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus 8 9 The Distribution of Electrons (Energy Levels) 10  Atomic Orbitals Pauli exclusion principle (a) no more than 2 electrons can occupy an atomic orbital; & (b) the two electrons must be of opposite spin. 11  Filling of Atomic Orbitals 12  13 Types of Chemical Bonds 1- Ionic bond: Atom that loses electrons becomes a positive ion (cation) Atom that gains electrons becomes a negative ion (anion) 2- Covalent bond: A covalent bond is produced by the SHARING of a pair of valence electrons between two atoms to achieve NOBLE gas electronic configuration. 14  Type of Covalent bond 15 16  Electronegativity Is the tendency of an atom to pull bonding electrons toward itself resulting in a polar distribution of charge. 17  How To Write and Interpret Structural Formulas The structure of a molecule (order of attachment of the atoms) Ball-and-stick model Dash formula Electron-dot formula Condensed formula Bond-line formula  Families of Organic Compounds 19 Functional Groups in Biologically Important Compounds 23