Oral Microbiome Linked to Health PDF

**[Oral microbiome linked to oral and systemic health - 2.5]** - - - - Temp = 37 degrees C pH = 6.5 - 7 **Species** 700+ species Commensal = bacteria Opportunistic = bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses Most prevalent species: - - - - - - - - Commensal species: -...

**[Oral microbiome linked to oral and systemic health - 2.5]** - - - - Temp = 37 degrees C pH = 6.5 - 7 **Species** 700+ species Commensal = bacteria Opportunistic = bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses Most prevalent species: - - - - - - - - Commensal species: - - - - - - - - - Opportunistic species: - - - - - - - - - - - **Measuring oral microbiome** - - - - - **Dysbiosis** Alcohol - acidic Smoking - creates anaerobic environment Loss of oral biofilm allows other species to become more dominant eg: - - - - Inflammation due to CRP dissemination and IL-1, IL-6, TNF-a initiation via neutrophils and macrophages  **Pathways of triggering systemic disease** - - - - - - - - - - -  - SNPs related to increased risk of periodontitis: - - - - **Link between oral health and systemic disease** Anemia - mucosal pallor and atrophic glossitis Chrons disease - ulceration Diabetes melitus, HIV, leukemia - periodontal inflammation or bleeding Types of relationships: 1. 2. 3. Periodontitis - systemic disease relationship is bi directional Cardiovascular disease and diabetes have strongest link to oral health Diabetes - - - - - - - - - - Cardiovascular disease - - - - - - - - Alzheimer\'s disease - Rheumatoid arthritis - - - - - - - Adverse pregnancy outcomes - - - - Associated bacteria: - - - - - - - Preeclampsia - - - - - - - -  **Summary** Define the oral microbiome and how it is measured The oral microbiome is a community of microbial residents in our oral cavity that maintain homeostasis and prevent disease. The oral microbiome can be measured using a variety of techniques however the most common is 16s rRNA sequencing Define the term dysbiosis and link it to oral and systemic health Dysbiosis is an imbalance in the oral microbial community that is associated with disease pathogenesis. Systemic disease may then occur through systemic inflammation, bacteraemia, entero-salivary pathway (nitric oxide) and genetic susceptibility Describe the links between oral bacteria and systemic health There are strong associations between periodontal disease and systemic disease, and newer studies show that periodontal bacteria may be causal for cardiovascular disease, diabetes and adverse pregnancy outcomes