OPT 1210 Midterm Questions PDF

The study of body structures and the relationships of its parts is called? **Anatomy** A group of organs working together to perform a more complex function than any other organ can perform? **System** List the 4 primary tissues in the body? **Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nerve** Altogether th...

The study of body structures and the relationships of its parts is called? **Anatomy** A group of organs working together to perform a more complex function than any other organ can perform? **System** List the 4 primary tissues in the body? **Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nerve** Altogether there are 78 main organs within the human body. Five organs are considered vital for survival. These include? **Heart, Brain, Kidneys, Liver, & Lungs** Towards the head means? **Superior** Towards the front means? **Anterior\ ** A lengthwise plane running from front to back; dividing the body or any of its parts into right and left sides is called? **Sagittal Plane** A crosswise plane dividing the body or any of its parts into upper and lower is called? **Transverse Plane** The specialized sense organ that helps us to perceive the world around us is called? **The eye** True or False: **The "elbow lies at the distal end of the lower arm, whereas the hand lies at the proximal end**"? **False** Which of the following is not listed as one of the 10 major organ systems? **The Ocular System** True or False: All arteries, except the pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood? **False** Which of the following aids in the digestion of food? **All of the above** This fast-acting control system, consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors? **Nervous System** This system's major role is to support the body and provide a framework that the muscles can use to cause movement? **Skeletal System** The major role of this system is to contract and shorten? **Muscular System** These muscles comprise 30 to 40% of your total body mass. They're the muscles that connect to your bones and allow you to perform a wide range of movements and functions? **Skeletal Muscles** The main role of this system is to move a colorless, watery fluid (lymph) back into your circulatory system (your bloodstream)? **Immune System** These glands produce chemical messages that help control physiological processes such as nutrient absorption? **The Pancreas** The hypothalamus pituitary, thyroid, pancreas and adrenal glands are parts of this system? **Endocrine System** What are the 5 main types of the muscular movements are in the correct order in terms of their action? **Adduction-** move towards the midline of the body**, Abduction-** move away from the midline of the body, **Flexion-**bending a joint to decrease the angle between 2 body parts, **Extension**-extending of the joint to increase the angle between 2 body parts, **Rotation-**moving a body part around an axis. The main function of the sclera is to keep the light out of the eye? **False** The refractive index of the cornea is **1.37** Of the following, the structure that is not part of the ocular adnexa is the? **The bony orbit** The transparent lens of the eye is attached to the ciliary body by fine suspensory ligaments called? **Ciliary muscles** The most sensitive area of the retina is? **The Optic Nerve** The head of the optic nerve is called? **The Optic Disc** The vitreous body comprises? **The Aqueous-forming part of the eye** Aqueous humor leaves the eye by filtering through the trabecular meshwork? **True** The orbicularis oculi are the muscle that? **Close the eyelids** The junction of the cornea and the sclera is the? **Limbus** The membrane that lines the sclera is the? **Palpebral Conjunctiva** Tears leave the eye by flowing through? **The punctum** What portion of the eye consists of the Iris, the Ciliary body, the Choroid? **The Uvea** Which layer of the tear film is considered to play the least significant role in inhibiting evaporation from the corneal surface? **Mucin** The viscus fluid that fills the back chamber of the eye is the? **Vitreous Humor** The retina consists of rods and cones, The **rods** function best in the nighttime The corneal stroma, is the largest corneal layer, it comprises what percentage of corneal thickness? **90%** If the epithelium of the cornea is damaged a fine scar will appear? **False** The primary source of oxygen to the anterior cornea in the open eye state is? **Atmosphere** During this surgery, the surgeon will remove your clouded lens, and in most cases replaces it with a clear, plastic, intraocular lens (IOL)? **Cataract Surgery** The production and drainage of aqueous fluid determines the eyes? **Intraocular Pressure** Lash loss is most common in which following conditions? **Blepharitis** The 3 membranes "**the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater"**: line the skull and vertebral canal and enclose the brain and spinal cord The 3 basins that comprise the cranial floor or base are: **Anterior cranial fossa, middle cranial fossa, posterior cranial fossa** There are **14 bones** with no direct contact with brain or meninges attachment of facial and jaw muscles. This bone forms the forehead, the bony projections under the eyebrows, and the superior part of each eye's orbit? **The frontal bone** This bone has several important markings, including the squamous part, the tympanic part and the mastoid process? **The temporal bone** This paired bone forms most of the superior and lateral walls of the cranium? **The Parietal bone** The most posterior bone of the cranium is? **The Occipital Bone** Another name for the lower jawbone is the? **Mandible** The cranial suture that connects the temporal and parietal bones of the skull, and is one of the most prominent sutures on the side of the skull is called? **The Squamous Suture** What is the upper jawbone is called? **The Maxillae** One of the thinnest bones in the skull, and is subject to "blowout" fracture? **Ethmoid** What is the major vessel providing circulation of the head and neck is the? **Common Carotid Artery** What is the branch of the common carotid artery which supplies blood to the structures within the cranium? **Internal Carotid Artery** What is the branch of the common carotid artery which supplies blood to the superficial structures of the head and neck? **External Carotid Artery** What artery is a major supplier of blood to the globe? **Ophthalmic Artery** Both the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins drain into the? **Cavernous Sinus** The smallest branch of the Ophthalmic Artery is the? **Central Retinal Artery** The longest branch of the Ophthalmic Artery is the? **Lacrimal Artery** The **Superior Ophthalmic Vein** has no valves There are **4** major ophthalmic veins. A vessel that serves as a safety valve function for the brain, allowing collateral circulation (or flow of blood through an alternate route) to take place if the flow is reduced to one area? **The Circle of Willis** There are **9** major branches of the Ophthalmic Artery.