Biology of Bacteria and Archaea (Biol 2902) PDF

Biology of the Bacteria and Archaea Biol 2902  Biology of the Bacteria and Archaea Chapter 1 – Microbiology is an empirical term the study of organisms that are too small to be observed with the un-aided eye generally dimensions are on the micrometre scale (10-3 mm...

Biology of the Bacteria and Archaea Biol 2902  Biology of the Bacteria and Archaea Chapter 1 – Microbiology is an empirical term the study of organisms that are too small to be observed with the un-aided eye generally dimensions are on the micrometre scale (10-3 mm or 10-6 m) this course will deal with procaryotes and viruses, generally not microscopic eucaryotes  Biology of the Bacteria and Archaea Chapter 1 – Sizes of Bacteria and Archaea smallest free-living bacteria (Pelagibacter ubique) is about 0.4 m long and 0.12 m in diameter smallest microbe (Nanoarchaeum equitans) is 0.4 m in diameter Escherichia coli (E. coli) is about 4 m long and 1.5 m in diameter  Biology of the Bacteria and Archaea Chapter 1 – Sizes of Viruses smallest virus are about 10 nm (10-9 m) in size largest virus are about 400 nm or 0.4 m long – Size of Single Cell Eucaryotes Yeast about 20 to 50 m  Biology of the Bacteria and Archaea Chapter 1 – Nomenclature standard Linnaean nomenclature with genus and species names Genus name capitalized, species name lower case in italics or underlined may contract the genus name to one capital letter followed by a period Escherichia coli, E. coli Biology of the Bacteria and Archaea – History of Microbiology Robert Hooke publishes “Micrographia” in 1665, pictures of (molds fungi) and other biological material using a compound microscope Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1673, 1677, 1684) over 200 letters to the Royal Society of London describing observations with a simple microscope – Yeast, fungi, bacteria  Biology of the Bacteria and Archaea – History of Microbiology Otto Muller, 1786 describes 150 species of bacteria based on morphology Louis Pasteur (1822 –1895) considered one of the founders of microbiology – disproved the idea of spontaneous generation – expounded the idea of fermentation by microorganisms – developed pasteurization – developed vaccines (rabies, anthrax) – support for the “germ theory” of disease  Biology of the Bacteria and Archaea – History of Microbiology Robert Koch (1843 – 1910) identified the causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax Experimental support for the idea of infectious disease Koch’s postulates to prove a disease is caused by a microorganism  Biology of the Bacteria and Archaea Koch's postulates: – 1. The microorganism must be found in all organisms suffering from the disease but not in healthy organisms – 2. The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture – 3. The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism. – 4. The microorganism must be re-isolated from the inoculated, diseased organism and must be identical to the original microorganism