Occupational Safety and Health PDF

Occupational Safety and Health Hi guys! As promised, ito na yung reviewer ninyo. Araling maigi para makaperfect sa exam. Love u all! ^_^ -Sir JP Pogi \m/ Lecture 1 – Occupational Safety and Health  Occupational safety and health - is a discipline with a broad scope involving three maj...

Occupational Safety and Health Hi guys! As promised, ito na yung reviewer ninyo. Araling maigi para makaperfect sa exam. Love u all! ^_^ -Sir JP Pogi \m/ Lecture 1 – Occupational Safety and Health  Occupational safety and health - is a discipline with a broad scope involving three major fields: 1. Occupational Safety 2. Occupational Health 3. Industrial Hygiene.  Occupational safety - deals with understanding the causes of accidents at work and ways to prevent unsafe act and unsafe conditions in any workplace.  Occupational health – is a broad concept which explains how the different hazards and risks at work may cause an illness and emphasizes that health programs are essential in controlling work-related and/or occupational diseases.  Industrial hygiene - discusses the identification, evaluation, and control of physical, chemical, biological and ergonomic hazards.  Hazard - a source or situation with a potential to cause harm in terms of injury, ill health, damage to property, damage to the environment or a combination of these.  Risk - a combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event with specified period or in specified circumstances and the severity of injury or damage to the health of people, property, environment or any combination of these caused by the event.  Accident - is usually the result of a contact with a Source of Energy above the Threshold Limit of the Body or Structure.  2 Major Causes of Accidents:  1. Hazardous Act/Human Factor 2. Hazardous Condition  Types of Accident: 1. Falls 2. Falling Debris 3. Electrocutions 4. Explosions or Burns 5. Slip and Falls 6. Trench or Ground Collapse 7. Overexertion  Three Steps to Prevent Accidents and Work-Related Illness: 1. Identify the hazards 2. Evaluate the hazards 3. Correct or control the hazards Lecture 2 – Excavation Safety, Heavy Equipment, Lifting, and Rigging Safety  Excavation - is always an important part of the Construction Works & Mining, Excavation of Building & Bridge Foundations, Trenching for Buried Pipelines & Electrical Poles, Tunneling, etc.  Trench Excavation - A narrow excavation where the depth of a trench is greater than its width, and the width measured at the bottom is not greater than 15 ft.  Hazard in Excavation - Caused by Contact w/ above & under Ground Pipes and Cables, by falls of equipment and person, by persons being struck by excavating equipment, and by hazardous atmosphere.  Types of Soil Collapse: 1. General Zone of Exposure 2. Rotation 3. Spoil Pile Slide 4. Side Wall Shear 5. Slough-In/Cave-in  OSH Requirements for Excavation Works  1. Underground utilities 2. Train workers 3. Personal protective equipment 4. Harmful dust, hases, and fumes 5. Experienced supervisor 6. Site inspection 7. Public protection & traffic control 8. Provision for access/egress 9. Provision for barricades 10. Shoring and timbering 11. Protection systems  Every part of an excavation over 2 m deep where workers work shall be inspected.  A ladder must be located within 25 ft or 8m of a worker's working position.  Over 1 m. (3 ft.) deep shall be provided with means of access and escape in case of flooding or collapse of the excavation work.  Top of the walls of an excavation more than 2.0 m. (6 ft.) deep shall be barricaded to a height of at least 1 m. (3 ft.) to prevent the fall of workers.  Tools or materials shall be kept a minimum of 1 m. (3 ft.) away from the edge of the excavation to prevent their being knocked down into the excavation.  Walls of every excavation over 1 m. (3 ft.) deep shall be supported by adequate shoring and timbering to prevent collapse  Excavation over 6.6 m deep, protection system must be installed to prevent the movement & collapse of adjacent structure shall be designed by structural engineer & approved by the proper authority.  Workers shall not enter any excavation over 4 ft in depth unless the sides are sloped to a safe angle.  No slope can be steeper that 3 ft. horizontal to 4 ft. vertical  Shoring - is a support system design to keep the side of an excavation in caving in.  Sheet piling - is a form of driven piling using thin interlocking sheets of steel to obtain a continuous barrier in the ground.  Shielding – means to protects workers by using trench boxes or other types of supports to prevent soil cave-ins  Heavy Equipment - any Machine with Engine or Electric Motor as Prime Mover, with minimum Operating Weight & Horsepower Rating of 1,000 Kilogram & 10 HP respectively.  Dump Truck – used for hauling of excavated dirt and rocks.  Bulldozer – machinery for leveling, earth moving & clearing  Excavator – used for excavation & loading work by an extendible working device and rotating function, while main body of the machine remains stationary.  Backhoe Loaders - used to dig up hard, compact material, usually earth, or to lift heavy loads.  Scrapers - a wheel tractor-scraper is a piece of heavy equipment used for earth moving.  Crawler Loader – used for digging and loading earth.  Motor Grader – a long blade used to create a flat surface during the grading process.  Roller – compactor type vehicle used to compact soil, gravel, concrete, or asphalt of roads and foundation.  Skid Steer Loader – Small, rigid-frame, engine-powered machine with lift arms used to attach a wide variety of labor-saving tools or attachments  Blind area - The Area Around the Vehicle or Piece of Construction Equipment that is NOT VISIBLE to the Operator, either by direct Line of Sight or indirectly by use of Internal and External Mirrors.  Crane – Type of Machine, generally Equipped with a Hoist Rope, Wire Ropes or Chains, and Sheaves.  Types of Cranes: 1. Mobile Crane 2. Telescopic Crane 3. Rough Terrain Crane 4. Truck Mounted Crane 5. Overhead Crane 6. Harbour Crane 7. Self-Erecting Tower Crane 8. Crawler Crane 9. Railroad Crane 10. Aerial Crane 11. Luffing Crane 12. Hammerhead Crane 13. Tower Crane Lecture 3 – Demolition Safety  Demolition - Complete or partial dismantling of a building or structure by pre-planned and controlled methods or procedures  Demolition Techniques: 1. Sequential Demolition - gradual reduction of height in reverse order to its construction 2. Induced Demolition - key structural members are weakened or removed, causing the whole part of the structure to collapse  Method of Demolition 1. Manual - use of hand held tools 2. Mechanical - use of heavy equipment, wires and chain, power shear, etc. 3. Explosives - use of explosives  Demolition Equipment 1. Cranes 2. Bulldozers 3. Excavators 4. Work Platform 5. Wrecking Ball  Hazards Associated with Demolition 1. Falls 2. Being Hit/Trapped/Crushed by Objects 3. Manual Handling 4. Hazardous Substances and Dangerous 5. Goods 6. Noise and Vibration 7. Electric Shock 8. Fires and Explosions 9. Equipment Lecture 4 – Safety Inspection  Safety Inspection - Provides a reliable way for identifying, correcting and eliminating conditions and behaviors that could cause or contribute to injuries, illnesses and damages.  PRIMARY PURPOSE 1. Detect and correct hazards 2. Assess Effectiveness of OSH Program 3. Display visible management commitment to OSH  4. Identify Training Needs 5. Fulfill Legal Obligations  SECONDARY PURPOSE 1. to improve operations, increase efficiency, effectiveness and profitability.  Types of Inspection 1. Continuous Inspection - An inspection conducted as part of the workers job responsibilities in noting and correcting potential danger. 2. Interval Inspection - A systematic process with specific Intervals and widely regarded as "real" safety and health inspection 3. Emergency Inspection - An inspection focused on the components of machinery, equipment, materials, structures or areas likely to result in an immediate unwanted incident  Types of Interval Inspection 1. Regular Inspection - inspections at regular interval which is conducted on a specific area, a specific operation or a specific type of equipment. 2. General Inspection - is a planned walk-through of an entire area and includes places not usually inspected.  Seeing – Limited to the sense of sight. It is a physiological process essentially.  Observing – Is more of a psychological process. It means to consider carefully, to regard with attention so as to learn something.