Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics MIMV Animal Nutrition.pdf

INTEGRATED MASTER IN VETERINARY MEDICINE ANIMAL NUTRITION NUTRIGENOMICS AND NUTRIGENETICS Sílvia Honrado, MVSc, DVM [email protected] Does nutrition has a role in health and disease?...

INTEGRATED MASTER IN VETERINARY MEDICINE ANIMAL NUTRITION NUTRIGENOMICS AND NUTRIGENETICS Sílvia Honrado, MVSc, DVM [email protected] Does nutrition has a role in health and disease? Sílvia Honrado Sílvia Honrado Nutrigenomics What is it? DIRECT INFLUENCE OF THE DIET NUTRIENTS CELLS GENE EXPRESSION PROTEIN EXPRESSION dietary signals METABOLITE PRODUCTION patterns of gene expression - “dietary signatures” specific diseases Sílvia Honrado The effect of nutrients on gene expression (genome, proteome and metabolome). ? How nutrition influences homeostasis and resultant health or disease. Nutrigenomics What is it? Effects of nutrients on the: Genome; Proteome; Metabolome. Sílvia Honrado Nutrigenomics What is it? Omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA decrease the expression of inflammatory genes and as a result decrease the risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease. Resveratrol can stimulate a gene that protects tissue from free radical damage and thus can help prevent cancer. Sílvia Honrado Curcumin, a compound found in turmeric, can control the genes involved in inflammation and cancer. Nutrigenomics What is it? TRANSCRIPTOME examines nutrients that influence the expression of specific genes and the Possible to determine if a transcription the specific nutritional corresponding mRNA. manipulation switched a gene on or off Sílvia Honrado Quantification amount of specific mRNA level of gene expression techniques present in a tissue in that tissue (microarrays) Sílvia Honrado Nutrigenetics What is it? DISEASE GENETIC VARIATION DIET Sílvia Honrado The effect of genetic variation of an individual on the interaction between diet and disease. Individual’s response to nutrients or specific foods. How nutrition-related disorders are influenced by genetic variation. Nutrigenetics What is it? Sílvia Honrado OMIA - ONLINE MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN ANIMALS https://omia.org/OMIA001258/9615/ Nutrigenetics What is it? Sílvia Honrado large and giant breed puppies - orthopedic disease Nutrigenetics What is it? Sílvia Honrado Bedlington Terrier - unable to excrete excess copper Nutrigenetics What is it? Personalized dietary recommendations. The onset of a disorder will be prevented or delayed. Sílvia Honrado Genetic variations that respond to special feeding regimens. roles in blood vessel function and blood pressure regulation. Sílvia Honrado Nutrigenomics VS Nutrigenetics Wrap-up Sílvia Honrado Nutrigenomics VS Nutrigenetics Wrap-up Nutrigenomics studies how nutrients affect gene expression. In other words, nutrigenomics provides a genetic understanding of how common dietary components affect the balance between health and disease by altering the expression and/or structure of an individual’s genetic make-up. Nutrigenetics examines how your body responds to nutrients based on your genetics. In other words, nutrigenetics describes that the genetic profile has an impact on the body’s response to bioactive food components by influencing their absorption, metabolism and site of action. In addition, it analyses genetic variants (polymorphisms or SNPs) in DNA that are associated with nutrition-related diseases. Sílvia Honrado Bibliography Al-Murrani, Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics: nutritional genomics in health and disease. Small Animal Clinical Nutrition, 5 ed, 2010. Z. Haq et, Veterinary and Animal Science 17 (2022). Sílvia Honrado