Nursing Management of Blood Disorders PDF

Nursing Management of Blood Disorders 1. What is the primary function of blood in the body? o A) To produce heat o B) To transport oxygen and nutrients o C) To store waste products o D) To regulate temperature 2. How much blood does a healthy adult typicall...

Nursing Management of Blood Disorders 1. What is the primary function of blood in the body? o A) To produce heat o B) To transport oxygen and nutrients o C) To store waste products o D) To regulate temperature 2. How much blood does a healthy adult typically have? o A) 3 to 4 liters o B) 5 to 6 liters o C) 7 to 8 liters o D) 10 liters 3. What is the main component of plasma? o A) Proteins o B) Electrolytes o C) Water o D) Red blood cells 4. Which type of cell is primarily responsible for oxygen transport? o A) White blood cells o B) Platelets o C) Red blood cells o D) Plasma cells 5. What is the process of blood cell development called? o A) Erythropoiesis o B) Hematopoiesis o C) Hemolysis o D) Thrombopoiesis 6. Anemia is defined as: o A) Elevated red blood cell count o B) Reduction in RBC count or hemoglobin concentration o C) Increased hemoglobin concentration o D) Normal red blood cell count 7. Which of the following is a common type of anemia? o A) Thalassemia o B) Leukemia o C) Hemophilia o D) Myeloma 8. What is the main feature of sickle cell anemia? o A) Increased platelet count o B) Deformed red blood cells o C) Elevated white blood cell count o D) Reduced plasma volume 9. Hemophilia is best described as: o A) A blood disorder with excessive clotting o B) A deficiency in platelets o C) A genetic disorder affecting blood clotting  o D) An autoimmune disease 10. Which of the following conditions is associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura? o A) Increased blood viscosity o B) Low platelet count o C) Increased white blood cell count o D) High hemoglobin levels Introduction to the Hematologic System 11. What percentage of blood is composed of plasma? o A) 45% o B) 55% o C) 70% o D) 90% 12. Which component of blood is responsible for fighting infections? o A) Red blood cells o B) Platelets o C) White blood cells o D) Plasma 13. What are the formed elements of blood? o A) Plasma and nutrients o B) Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets o C) Electrolytes and hormones o D) Clotting factors and antibodies 14. What is the lifespan of red blood cells (RBCs)? o A) 10-20 days o B) 30-60 days o C) 100-120 days o D) 180-200 days 15. Which site is primarily responsible for hematopoiesis in pediatric patients? o A) Liver o B) Spleen o C) Bone marrow o D) Yolk sac Types of Anemia 16. Iron deficiency anemia is primarily caused by: o A) Genetic factors o B) Nutritional deficiency o C) Blood loss o D) Infection 17. Which age group is most commonly affected by iron deficiency anemia? o A) Newborns o B) Infants aged 6-24 months  o C) Adolescents o D) Adults 18. A common symptom of iron deficiency anemia includes: o A) Increased appetite o B) Unusual paleness of the skin o C) Weight gain o D) High energy levels 19. What is a potential complication of untreated iron deficiency anemia? o A) Increased growth o B) Cardiac issues o C) Improved cognitive function o D) Enhanced immune response 20. What is the primary treatment for iron deficiency anemia? o A) Blood transfusion o B) Iron supplementation o C) Vitamin B12 injections o D) Dietary restrictions Sickle Cell Anemia 21. Sickle cell anemia is inherited in what manner? o A) Autosomal dominant o B) Autosomal recessive o C) X-linked dominant o D) X-linked recessive 22. A common crisis associated with sickle cell anemia is: o A) Vaso-occlusive crisis o B) Hyper-hemolytic crisis o C) Aplastic crisis o D) All of the above 23. Which of the following can trigger a sickle cell crisis? o A) Dehydration o B) Infection o C) Strenuous exercise o D) All of the above 24. Symptoms of a vaso-occlusive crisis include: o A) Sudden weight gain o B) Severe pain o C) Increased energy o D) Elevated blood pressure 25. What is the primary goal in managing sickle cell anemia? o A) Cure the disease o B) Prevent complications o C) Increase red blood cell production o D) Promote dehydration Thalassemia 26. β-Thalassemia major is also known as: o A) Sickle cell disease o B) Cooley’s anemia o C) Hemophilia o D) Iron deficiency anemia 27. What is a characteristic feature of β-Thalassemia major? o A) Increased hemoglobin levels o B) Chronic hemolytic anemia o C) Elevated white blood cell count o D) Normal red blood cell morphology 28. Patients with β-Thalassemia may experience: o A) Frequent infections o B) Improved growth o C) Normal physical activity o D) None of the above 29. What is a common treatment for β-Thalassemia? o A) Steroid therapy o B) Blood transfusions o C) Antibiotics o D) Iron supplementation 30. Chelation therapy is necessary in β-Thalassemia to: o A) Increase iron absorption o B) Decrease iron overload from transfusions o C) Improve red blood cell production o D) Enhance immune function G6PD Deficiency 31. G6PD deficiency is most common in which population? o A) Caucasians o B) African Americans o C) Males of Mediterranean descent o D) Asians 32. What can trigger hemolytic anemia in patients with G6PD deficiency? o A) Infections o B) Fava beans o C) Certain medications o D) All of the above 33. The enzyme G6PD protects red blood cells from: o A) Bacterial infections o B) Oxidative damage o C) Viral infections o D) Nutritional deficiencies 34. Symptoms of G6PD deficiency may include:  o A) Jaundice o B) Increased energy o C) Weight gain o D) Improved immunity 35. The management of G6PD deficiency focuses mainly on: o A) Avoiding triggers o B) Blood transfusions o C) Iron supplementation o D) Physical therapy Nursing Management of Blood Disorders (Continued) 36. Which nursing intervention is crucial for a child with iron deficiency anemia?  A) Encouraging high-fat foods  B) Administering oral iron supplements  C) Limiting fluid intake  D) Increasing calcium intake 37. What is the primary goal of nursing management for children with blood disorders?  A) Cure the disorder  B) Prevent complications  C) Minimize dietary restrictions  D) Enhance physical activity 38. When educating parents about iron supplementation, what should be emphasized?  A) Iron should be taken with milk  B) Iron can be taken at any time  C) Iron should be taken with acidic foods  D) Iron should be avoided in the morning 39. Which symptom indicates a potential complication in a child with sickle cell anemia?  A) Skin rash  B) Frequent headaches  C) Severe chest pain  D) Mild fever 40. What is the primary treatment for a vaso-occlusive crisis?  A) Blood transfusion  B) Hydration and pain management   C) Antibiotics  D) Corticosteroids Hemophilia and Related Disorders 41. Which factor is deficient in hemophilia A?  A) Factor VII  B) Factor IX  C) Factor VIII  D) Factor X 42. What is a common symptom of hemophilia?  A) Frequent infections  B) Easy bruising  C) Shortness of breath  D) Elevated blood pressure 43. How is hemophilia typically diagnosed?  A) X-ray  B) Complete blood count  C) Coagulation factor assays  D) Urine analysis 44. Which treatment is essential for a child with hemophilia experiencing a bleed?  A) Iron supplementation  B) Factor replacement therapy  C) Blood transfusion  D) Antibiotics 45. What should be avoided in children with hemophilia to prevent bleeding?  A) High-impact sports  B) Swimming  C) Walking  D) Cycling Thrombocytopenia 46. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is characterized by:  A) Low platelet count  B) High platelet count   C) Normal platelet count  D) Increased red blood cells 47. What is a potential cause of thrombocytopenia in children?  A) Viral infections  B) Genetic disorders  C) Nutritional deficiencies  D) All of the above 48. Which symptom might indicate thrombocytopenia?  A) Frequent urination  B) Skin rashes and bruising  C) Increased appetite  D) Elevated temperature 49. The primary treatment for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura may include:  A) Bone marrow transplant  B) Steroid therapy  C) Antibiotic therapy  D) Iron supplementation 50. What is the primary nursing intervention for a child with thrombocytopenia?  A) Encourage high-intensity exercise  B) Monitor for signs of bleeding  C) Increase dietary iron  D) Limit fluid intake General Knowledge about Blood Disorders 51. What is the most common type of anemia in children?  A) Aplastic anemia  B) Iron deficiency anemia  C) Sickle cell anemia  D) Hemolytic anemia 52. Sickle cell disease is caused by a mutation in which gene?  A) HBB gene  B) HBA1 gene  C) G6PD gene  D) TGF-beta gene  53. Which of the following is a risk factor for developing anemia?  A) High-fiber diet  B) Chronic kidney disease  C) Regular exercise  D) Adequate hydration 54. Which laboratory test is most indicative of iron deficiency anemia?  A) Elevated white blood cell count  B) Low serum ferritin  C) High hemoglobin  D) Normal platelet count 55. What dietary source is highest in iron?  A) Milk  B) Spinach  C) Red meat  D) Apples Pathophysiology of Blood Disorders 56. What mechanism leads to hemolytic anemia?  A) Increased production of RBCs  B) Decreased production of RBCs  C) Destruction of RBCs  D) Abnormal clotting 57. In thalassemia, what is the primary defect?  A) Production of abnormal hemoglobin  B) Increased iron absorption  C) Destruction of platelets  D) Decreased white blood cell count 58. Which of the following is a complication of untreated sickle cell disease?  A) Osteoporosis  B) Stroke  C) Diabetes  D) Hypertension 59. The presence of reticulocytes in the blood indicates:   A) Bone marrow suppression  B) Increased RBC production  C) Decreased hemoglobin synthesis  D) Normal RBC lifespan 60. What is the function of erythropoietin?  A) Increase platelet production  B) Stimulate red blood cell production  C) Inhibit white blood cell formation  D) Regulate blood clotting Nursing Care and Education 61. When educating families about sickle cell disease, which topic is crucial?  A) Importance of hydration  B) Avoidance of all physical activity  C) High-sugar diet  D) Regular blood transfusions 62. What is a key sign of a bleeding disorder?  A) Fatigue  B) Frequent headaches  C) Unexplained bruising  D) Elevated blood pressure 63. In managing a child with hemophilia, what is important to monitor?  A) Weight gain  B) Signs of bleeding  C) Appetite changes  D) Skin color 64. Parents of a child with thalassemia should be educated about:  A) Daily iron supplements  B) Regular blood transfusions  C) Limiting fruits and vegetables  D) Avoiding all dairy products 65. What should parents be advised to do in case of a bleeding episode in a child with hemophilia?  A) Apply ice and elevate the limb   B) Ignore the bleeding  C) Give aspirin  D) Encourage vigorous activity Genetic Considerations 66. What type of inheritance pattern does sickle cell anemia follow?  A) Autosomal dominant  B) Autosomal recessive  C) X-linked dominant  D) Codominant 67. Genetic counseling is important for families with a history of:  A) Iron deficiency anemia  B) Hemophilia  C) Allergies  D) Asthma 68. Which test can confirm the presence of sickle cell trait?  A) Complete blood count  B) Hemoglobin electrophoresis  C) Serum iron study  D) Bone marrow biopsy 69. What is the likelihood of two carriers of sickle cell trait having a child with sickle cell disease?  A) 25%  B) 50%  C) 75%  D) 100% 70. Which of the following is NOT a genetic blood disorder?  A) Hemophilia  B) Sickle cell anemia  C) Iron deficiency anemia  D) Thalassemia Continuing the Questions 71. The primary purpose of iron in the body is to: o A) Regulate blood pressure  o B) Help in oxygen transport o C) Aid in digestion o D) Support immune function 72. What is the term for the physical examination finding of increased breathing rate? o A) Tachycardia o B) Tachypnea o C) Bradypnea o D) Hypotension 73. Which of the following foods is a good source of folate? o A) Oranges o B) Bread o C) Leafy green vegetables o D) Chicken 74. Which laboratory value is typically elevated in hemolytic anemia? o A) Hemoglobin o B) Reticulocyte count o C) Platelet count o D) Serum ferritin 75. A child with thalassemia major may require: o A) Regular iron supplements o B) Blood transfusions o C) Increased vitamin C intake o D) Reduced protein intake 76. Which condition is characterized by the inability to produce adequate amounts of clotting factors? o A) Hemophilia o B) Sickle cell anemia o C) Thalassemia o D) Iron deficiency anemia 77. What is a common complication of untreated iron deficiency anemia in children? o A) Impaired growth and development o B) Increased immunity o C) Enhanced cognitive function o D) Decreased risk of infections 78. In the management of sickle cell disease, hydration is important because it: o A) Decreases blood viscosity o B) Increases blood pressure o C) Reduces oxygen levels o D) Causes iron overload 79. During a sickle cell crisis, which symptom is most concerning? o A) Mild fever o B) Severe abdominal pain o C) Fatigue o D) Dry skin 80. A common test to monitor hemolysis is: o A) Complete blood count  o B) Reticulocyte count o C) Serum bilirubin o D) Hemoglobin electrophoresis 81. The main component of hemoglobin is: o A) Iron o B) Zinc o C) Calcium o D) Magnesium 82. What condition is caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12? o A) Iron deficiency anemia o B) Aplastic anemia o C) Pernicious anemia o D) Sickle cell anemia 83. Which of the following is a sign of dehydration? o A) Increased urination o B) Dry mouth o C) Weight gain o D) Hyperactivity 84. The primary role of platelets in the blood is to: o A) Transport oxygen o B) Fight infections o C) Initiate blood clotting o D) Regulate blood pressure 85. During a blood transfusion, which reaction should be monitored? o A) Allergic reaction o B) Gastrointestinal response o C) Neurological symptoms o D) Skin rash 86. A diet high in which nutrient can help prevent iron deficiency? o A) Fiber o B) Calcium o C) Iron o D) Vitamin D 87. What type of anemia results from bone marrow failure? o A) Aplastic anemia o B) Sickle cell anemia o C) Iron deficiency anemia o D) Hemolytic anemia 88. What is the primary cause of hemolytic anemia? o A) Nutritional deficiency o B) Genetic disorders o C) Destruction of red blood cells o D) Bone marrow suppression 89. Which of the following factors can lead to chronic blood loss? o A) Heavy menstrual periods o B) Frequent infections  o C) Poor nutrition o D) All of the above 90. What is the primary nursing consideration for a child receiving chelation therapy? o A) Monitor for dehydration o B) Assess for signs of infection o C) Evaluate dietary intake o D) Monitor for allergic reactions 91. A child with thalassemia may need to avoid: o A) Iron-rich foods o B) Fruits and vegetables o C) Dairy products o D) Whole grains 92. The main goal of management for a child with sickle cell anemia is to: o A) Cure the disease o B) Manage pain and prevent crises o C) Increase hemoglobin levels o D) Promote physical activity 93. What is the primary method of treating a sickle cell crisis? o A) Blood transfusion o B) Hydration and analgesics o C) Antibiotics o D) Iron therapy 94. Which symptom is associated with G6PD deficiency? o A) Jaundice o B) Elevated blood pressure o C) Increased appetite o D) Frequent urination 95. What is a common complication of frequent blood transfusions? o A) Iron overload o B) Vitamin deficiency o C) Increased immunity o D) Weight loss 96. What dietary advice should be given to a child with iron deficiency anemia? o A) Increase dairy intake o B) Eat more leafy greens and meats o C) Limit protein sources o D) Avoid all fruits 97. What is a common sign of anemia in children? o A) Increased energy o B) Fatigue and weakness o C) Improved focus o D) Weight gain 98. Which of the following is a preventive measure for sickle cell crises? o A) Avoiding hydration o B) Managing stress o C) Limiting physical activity  o D) Avoiding all social interactions 99. The main purpose of routine screening in children with hemophilia is to: o A) Prevent infections o B) Monitor growth o C) Assess bleeding risk o D) Evaluate dietary intake 100. Which laboratory test is used to assess iron stores in the body? - A) Serum ferritin - B) Complete blood count - C) Hemoglobin electrophoresis - D) Reticulocyte count Continuing to 200 Questions 101. What is the primary concern for a child with severe anemia? - A) Weight loss - B) Risk of heart failure - C) Increased infection - D) Growth spurts 102. Which condition is associated with chronic hemolytic anemia? - A) Iron deficiency anemia - B) Sickle cell disease - C) Aplastic anemia - D) Thalassemia 103. A child with hemophilia should be educated about: - A) Risks of minor injuries - B) Importance of physical activity - C) High-fiber diets - D) Avoiding all medications 104. The most common inherited bleeding disorder is: - A) Sickle cell anemia - B) Hemophilia - C) Von Willebrand disease - D) Thalassemia 105. What is the most common cause of anemia in children worldwide? - A) Genetic disorders - B) Nutritional deficiencies - C) Chronic diseases - D) Infections 106. In children, what is the first sign of iron deficiency anemia? - A) Fatigue - B) Jaundice - C) Increased appetite - D) Skin rashes 107. Which factor can lead to increased destruction of red blood cells? - A) Hemolytic anemia  - B) Iron deficiency - C) Vitamin B12 deficiency - D) Aplastic anemia 108. What is the role of vitamin B12 in the body? - A) Hemoglobin synthesis - B) Blood clotting - C) Immune function - D) Energy production 109. What type of anemia is characterized by a decreased production of red blood cells? - A) Hemolytic anemia - B) Aplastic anemia - C) Sickle cell anemia - D) Iron deficiency anemia 110. A child with sickle cell disease is at risk for which of the following? - A) Increased appetite - B) Stroke - C) Weight gain - D) Improved immune function 111. What is the primary reason for genetic counseling in families with hemophilia? - A) To increase awareness of symptoms - B) To discuss treatment options - C) To understand inheritance patterns - D) To promote healthy diets 112. Which symptom is most commonly associated with acute blood loss? - A) Increased appetite - B) Fatigue - C) Paleness - D) Weight gain 113. What is the primary purpose of blood transfusions in thalassemia? - A) Increase white blood cell count - B) Correct iron deficiency - C) Replace missing hemoglobin - D) Promote weight gain 114. Children with sickle cell anemia should avoid: - A) Regular check-ups - B) Dehydration - C) Balanced diets - D) All exercises 115. What is a common complication of iron overload? - A) Iron deficiency anemia - B) Heart disease - C) Increased energy levels - D) Improved immunity 116. A nurse should monitor a child with anemia for signs of: - A) Growth spurts - B) Increased activity levels - C) Fatigue and pallor - D) Weight gain 117. The term "aplastia" refers to: - A) Increased production of red blood cells - B) Failure of the bone marrow to produce blood cells - C) Destruction of red blood cells - D) Abnormal hemoglobin production 118. Which of the following is a common cause of nutritional anemia? - A) Excessive protein intake - B) Low calorie diet - C) Inadequate iron intake - D) High sugar consumption 119. In a child with hemophilia, the most serious complication is: - A) Skin rashes - B) Internal bleeding - C) Weight loss - D) Increased energy 120. What is the best source of vitamin B12 in the diet? - A) Leafy greens - B) Dairy products - C) Whole grains - D) Fruits 121.  Sickle cell crises can be triggered by: - A) High altitude - B) Cold temperatures - C) Dehydration - D) All of the above 122.  What is the main goal of treatment for anemia? - A) Increase red blood cell production - B) Treat underlying causes - C) Manage symptoms - D) All of the above 123.  Which of the following is a complication of thalassemia? - A) Osteoporosis - B) Stroke - C) Heart failure - D) All of the above 124.  What is the most common treatment for hemophilia? - A) Oral iron supplements - B) Factor replacement therapy - C) Blood transfusions - D) Chemotherapy 125.  Which type of anemia is associated with chronic disease? - A) Iron deficiency anemia - B) Aplastic anemia - C) Anemia of chronic inflammation - D) Sickle cell anemia 126.  What is the most important dietary recommendation for a child with iron deficiency anemia? - A) Increase dairy intake - B) Eat iron-rich foods - C) Limit protein - D) Avoid all carbohydrates 127.  In managing a child with sickle cell disease, it is important to: - A) Encourage dehydration - B) Monitor for infections - C) Limit all physical activity - D) Avoid regular check-ups 128.  What is a common sign of vitamin B12 deficiency? - A) Fatigue - B) Shortness of breath - C) Nerve damage - D) All of the above 129.  Which of the following is the best source of heme iron? - A) Spinach - B) Red meat - C) Lentils - D) Fruit 130.  What condition is characterized by the absence of red blood cells? - A) Hemophilia - B) Aplastic anemia - C) Iron deficiency anemia - D) Sickle cell anemia 131.  What is a common treatment strategy for a child with thalassemia? - A) Regular iron supplementation - B) Blood transfusions - C) High-protein diet - D) Avoiding all medications 132.  Which of the following is a potential side effect of iron supplements? - A) Diarrhea - B) Constipation - C) Abdominal pain - D) All of the above 133.  What is a critical aspect of care for a child with hemophilia? - A) Encouraging contact sports - B) Educating about injury prevention - C) Limiting fluid intake - D) Avoiding vaccinations 134.  Which of the following is a common cause of microcytic anemia? - A) Vitamin B12 deficiency - B) Iron deficiency - C) Chronic disease - D) All of the above 135.  What is the primary concern in managing a child with G6PD deficiency? - A) Avoiding high-protein foods - B) Preventing oxidative stress - C) Increasing hydration - D) Monitoring weight 136.  What is the most important nursing intervention for a child experiencing a hemophilia-related bleed? - A) Apply heat to the area - B) Administer factor replacement - C) Encourage physical activity - D) Limit fluid intake 137.  The presence of schistocytes in a blood smear indicates: - A) Hemolytic anemia - B) Iron deficiency - C) Normal blood cells - D) Thalassemia 138.  What is the primary role of the spleen in the hematologic system? - A) Produce hormones - B) Filter blood and recycle iron - C) Store fat - D) Regulate temperature 139.  Which of the following is a sign of severe anemia? - A) Increased energy - B) Palpitations and breathlessness - C) Weight gain - D) Improved cognitive function 140.  In managing a child with sickle cell anemia, parents should be educated about: - A) Signs of infection - B) Importance of hydration - C) Pain management strategies - D) All of the above 141.  What is a common complication associated with chronic blood transfusions? - A) Iron overload - B) Vitamin D deficiency - C) Electrolyte imbalance - D) Hypoglycemia 142.  Which diet modification is recommended for children with thalassemia? - A) High in iron  - B) Low in iron - C) High in calcium - D) Low in carbohydrates 143.  In the management of G6PD deficiency, patients should avoid: - A) Fava beans - B) Citrus fruits - C) Whole grains - D) Dairy products 144.  What is the primary focus of nursing care for a child with anemia? - A) Increase physical activity - B) Prevent complications and educate - C) Limit dietary intake - D) Promote social interactions 145.  Which of the following is a common symptom of hemophilia? - A) Joint swelling and pain - B) Increased energy levels - C) Elevated appetite - D) Weight loss 146.  What is the treatment of choice for a child with severe iron deficiency anemia? - A) Blood transfusion - B) Oral iron supplements - C) Vitamin B12 injections - D) Dietary changes alone 147.  Which factor can lead to iron deficiency anemia in infants? - A) Exclusive breastfeeding beyond 6 months - B) Adequate solid food introduction - C) Regular iron supplementation - D) Increased dairy intake 148.  What is the main purpose of hematologic assessments in children? - A) Monitor growth patterns - B) Assess for bleeding disorders - C) Evaluate nutritional status - D) Diagnose infections 149.  What is a potential consequence of untreated hemophilia? - A) Increased immunity - B) Chronic pain and disability - C) Enhanced growth - D) Improved cognitive function 150.  Which type of anemia is characterized by the destruction of red blood cells? - A) Aplastic anemia - B) Hemolytic anemia - C) Iron deficiency anemia - D) Thalassemia 151.  What is a common laboratory test for evaluating the severity of anemia? - A) Complete blood count (CBC) - B) Serum electrolytes - C) Liver function tests - D) Urinalysis 152.  A key dietary recommendation for preventing anemia includes: - A) High sugar intake - B) Adequate protein intake - C) Low fiber consumption - D) Avoiding all fats 153.  What is the primary risk factor for developing thalassemia? - A) High iron intake - B) Genetic predisposition - C) Viral infections - D) Nutritional deficiencies 154.  In managing a child with anemia, what is an important nursing consideration? - A) Promote high-impact sports - B) Monitor for signs of fatigue and pallor - C) Limit hydration - D) Encourage a high-sugar diet 155.  Which of the following is NOT a symptom of iron deficiency anemia? - A) Fatigue - B) Increased appetite - C) Pale skin - D) Shortness of breath 156.  A child with hemophilia should be counseled about: - A) Risks associated with minor injuries - B) Importance of regular exercise - C) High-protein diets - D) Avoiding all medications 157.  What is the most common type of hemophilia? - A) Hemophilia A - B) Hemophilia B - C) Hemophilia C - D) Von Willebrand disease 158.  What is a common laboratory finding in patients with hemolytic anemia? - A) Elevated reticulocyte count - B) Decreased white blood cell count - C) Low platelet count - D) Elevated ferritin levels 159.  What is the primary focus of management for a child with sickle cell disease? - A) Increase iron levels - B) Manage pain and prevent complications  - C) Limit fluid intake - D) Promote physical inactivity 160.  A child with iron deficiency anemia may present with: - A) Increased energy - B) Brittle nails - C) Weight gain - D) Improved immune response 161.  Which nutrient is essential for red blood cell production? - A) Calcium - B) Iron - C) Vitamin D - D) Fiber 162.  What is a common complication of thalassemia? - A) Heart disease - B) Chronic fatigue - C) Osteoporosis - D) All of the above 163.  What is the most effective way to prevent iron deficiency anemia in infants? - A) Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months - B) Early introduction of solid foods - C) Regular iron supplementation - D) Limiting dairy intake 164.  The presence of reticulocytes in the blood indicates: - A) Bone marrow suppression - B) Increased red blood cell production - C) Decreased hemoglobin synthesis - D) Normal red blood cell lifespan 165.  What is the primary symptom of a sickle cell crisis? - A) Severe pain - B) Increased appetite - C) Fatigue - D) Weight loss 166.  Which of the following foods is high in iron? - A) Chicken - B) Apples - C) Rice - D) Potatoes 167.  What dietary change is recommended for a child with anemia? - A) Increase dairy intake - B) Increase iron-rich foods - C) Decrease protein sources - D) Increase sugar intake 168.  What is a common symptom of G6PD deficiency? - A) Increased energy - B) Fatigue and jaundice  - C) Weight gain - D) Improved focus 169.  Which of the following is a sign of thrombocytopenia? - A) Increased bruising - B) Rapid heartbeat - C) Weight loss - D) Frequent headaches 170.  What is a critical nursing intervention for a child with hemophilia? - A) Encourage high-impact activities - B) Educate about bleeding precautions - C) Limit dietary iron - D) Promote dehydration 171.  The primary cause of aplastic anemia is: - A) Nutritional deficiency - B) Bone marrow failure - C) Genetic disorder - D) Infection 172.  What is the role of vitamin C in iron absorption? - A) Inhibits absorption - B) Enhances absorption - C) No effect on absorption - D) Decreases hemoglobin levels 173.  Which of the following conditions can lead to anemia? - A) Chronic kidney disease - B) Hyperthyroidism - C) Diabetes - D) All of the above 174.  What is the most important aspect of education for families with a child who has hemophilia? - A) Importance of hydration - B) Awareness of bleeding risks - C) Dietary restrictions - D) Physical activity recommendations 175.  What is a common risk factor for developing anemia? - A) High activity levels - B) Poor nutrition - C) Regular exercise - D) Adequate hydration 176.  Which symptom is most concerning for a child with a bleeding disorder? - A) Occasional headaches - B) Unexplained bruising - C) Mild abdominal pain - D) Increased thirst 177.  What is the primary purpose of chelation therapy in thalassemia? - A) Increase iron absorption  - B) Decrease iron overload - C) Enhance red blood cell production - D) Prevent infections 178.  What is a common sign of vitamin B12 deficiency? - A) Increased appetite - B) Nerve damage - C) Elevated energy levels - D) Improved cognitive function 179.  What is the best dietary source of vitamin B12? - A) Leafy greens - B) Dairy products - C) Fruits - D) Nuts 180.  A child with iron deficiency anemia may experience: - A) Improved concentration - B) Extreme fatigue - C) Increased strength - D) Weight gain 181.  Which of the following is a common complication of sickle cell anemia? - A) Stroke - B) Diabetes - C) Hypertension - D) Osteoporosis 182.  What is the primary treatment for a child with aplastic anemia? - A) Blood transfusions - B) Iron supplementation - C) Bone marrow transplant - D) Antibiotics 183.  What is a critical nursing intervention for a child with iron deficiency anemia? - A) Encourage high-fat foods - B) Administer oral iron supplements - C) Limit fluid intake - D) Increase calcium intake 184.  What is a common risk factor for developing sickle cell disease? - A) Family history - B) High protein diet - C) Regular exercise - D) Adequate hydration 185.  What is the primary goal of treatment for hemophilia? - A) Increase hemoglobin levels - B) Prevent and manage bleeding episodes - C) Promote physical activity - D) Limit dietary intake 186.  What is a common symptom of anemia in children? - A) Increased appetite - B) Fatigue and weakness - C) Improved focus - D) Weight gain 187.  What is the main dietary source of heme iron? - A) Spinach - B) Red meat - C) Lentils - D) Whole grains 188.  Which of the following is NOT a symptom of sickle cell disease? - A) Severe pain - B) Increased energy - C) Frequent infections - D) Fatigue 189.  What is the most effective way to prevent iron deficiency anemia in infants? - A) Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months - B) Early introduction of solid foods - C) Regular iron supplementation - D) Limiting dairy intake 190.  What is the primary focus of nursing care for a child with anemia? - A) Increase physical activity - B) Prevent complications and educate - C) Limit dietary intake - D) Promote social interactions 191.  A child with thalassemia may need to avoid: - A) Iron-rich foods - B) Fruits and vegetables - C) Dairy products - D) Whole grains 192.  The main goal of management for a child with sickle cell anemia is to: - A) Cure the disease - B) Manage pain and prevent crises - C) Increase hemoglobin levels - D) Promote physical activity 193.  A common test to monitor hemolysis is: - A) Complete blood count - B) Reticulocyte count - C) Serum bilirubin - D) Hemoglobin electrophoresis 194.  The primary role of erythropoietin is to: - A) Increase white blood cell production - B) Stimulate red blood cell production - C) Inhibit platelet formation - D) Regulate blood pressure 195.  A common dietary recommendation for preventing anemia includes: - A) High sugar intake - B) Adequate protein intake - C) Low fiber consumption - D) Avoiding all fats 196.  A child with hemophilia should be educated about: - A) Risks of minor injuries - B) Importance of physical activity - C) High-fiber diets - D) Avoiding all medications 197.  Which type of inheritance pattern does sickle cell anemia follow? - A) Autosomal dominant - B) Autosomal recessive - C) X-linked dominant - D) Codominant 198.  What is the primary concern for a child with severe anemia? - A) Weight loss - B) Risk of heart failure - C) Increased infection - D) Growth spurts 199.  What is a potential consequence of untreated hemophilia? - A) Increased immunity - B) Chronic pain and disability - C) Enhanced growth - D) Improved cognitive function 200.  Which of the following is NOT a genetic blood disorder? - A) Hemophilia - B) Sickle cell anemia - C) Iron deficiency anemia - D) Thalassemia