Respiratory Drugs Study Guide PDF
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Uploaded by EuphoricSerpentine4070
Davenport University
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Summary
This document summarizes respiratory drugs, including various diseases of the lower respiratory tract. It covers topics like bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and different treatment approaches.
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Respiratory Drugs Diseases of the Lower Respiratory Tract Bronchial Asthma ================ Definition \ Pathophysiology Asthma Categories ----------------- ![](media/image3.png) ![](media/image8.jpeg) Chronic Bronchitis ------------------ ![](media/image10.png) Emphysema ========= Alveol...
Respiratory Drugs Diseases of the Lower Respiratory Tract Bronchial Asthma ================ Definition \ Pathophysiology Asthma Categories ----------------- ![](media/image3.png) ![](media/image8.jpeg) Chronic Bronchitis ------------------ ![](media/image10.png) Emphysema ========= Alveolar Destruction \ Reduced Gas Exchange ![](media/image12.jpeg) ##### Pharmacologic Overview Bronchodilators: Short-acting Beta-Agonists (SABAs) ![](media/image14.png) ![](media/image16.jpeg) ###### Bronchodilators: Long-acting Beta- Agonists (LABAs) ![](media/image18.png) ###### Bronchodilators: Beta- Adrenergic Agonists: Newest LABA 1. Indacaterol (Arcapta Neohaler) 2. Vilanterol ![](media/image20.jpeg) 3. Ellipta Delivery System ![](media/image22.png) Bronchodilators: Types ====================== ![](media/image25.png)![](media/image27.png) Nonselective Adrenergics \ Nonselective Beta- Adrenergics \ Selective Beta2 Drugs Beta-Adrenergic Agonists: Mechanism of Action ![](media/image29.jpeg) Beta-Adrenergic Agonists: Contraindications 1. Known Drug Allergy 2. Uncontrolled Hypertension 3. Cardiac Dysrhythmias 4. High Risk of Stroke Beta-Adrenergic Agonists: Adverse Effects ========================================= Alpha and Beta Effects - Insomnia - Restlessness - Anorexia - Vascular headache - Hyperglycemia - Tremor - Cardiac stimulation \ Cardiovascular Effects Central Nervous System Effects ![](media/image31.png) ##### Beta-Adrenergic Agonists: Interactions 1. 2. 3. 4. Beta-Adrenergic Agonists: Albuterol (Proventil) =============================================== Albuterol \ Important Considerations ![](media/image37.jpeg) ![](media/image40.png)![](media/image42.png) Dry Mouth \ Nasal Congestion Headache \ Anxiety Anticholinergics: Ipratropium (Atrovent) ======================================== Ipratropium (Atrovent) \ Other Anticholinergics 1. Tiotropium (Spiriva) 2. Aclidinium (Tudorza) 3. Umeclidinium (Incruse Ellipta) ![](media/image44.jpeg) ![](media/image46.png) Xanthine Derivatives: Drug Effects ================================== ![](media/image48.png)![](media/image50.png) Bronchodilation \ Increased Airflow \ CNS Stimulation \ Cardiovascular Stimulation ![](media/image52.jpeg) #### Xanthine Derivatives: Adverse Effects Xanthine Derivatives: Caffeine ============================== Over-the-Counter Use \ Pediatric Uses - Caffeine is used as a cardiac stimulant in infants with bradycardia. - Caffeine can also be used to enhance respiratory ![](media/image54.png) ![](media/image56.png) ![](media/image58.png) Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (LTRAs) \ Corticosteroids \ Mast Cell Stabilizers ![](media/image60.jpeg) ### Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (LTRAs) {#leukotriene-receptor-antagonists-ltras-1} ![](media/image64.png) ![](media/image69.jpeg) LTRAs: Contraindications ======================== Known Drug Allergy \ Previous Adverse Drug Reaction \ Inactive Ingredients LTRAs: Adverse Effects ====================== ![](media/image71.png)![](media/image73.png) Headache \ Nausea \ Diarrhea \ Dizziness #### Corticosteroids (Glucocorticoids) 1. 2. 3. 4. #### Corticosteroids: Mechanism of Action ![](media/image77.jpeg) ##### Corticosteroids: Mechanism of Action (Cont.) ##### Inhaled Corticosteroids Inhaled Corticosteroids: Indications ==================================== ![](media/image79.png) Asthma Management \ Persistent Asthma \ Combined Therapy ![](media/image81.jpeg) ![](media/image83.png) ### Inhaled Corticosteroids: Drug Interactions - May increase serum glucose levels, possibly requiring adjustments in dosages of antidiabetic drugs. - Cyclosporine and tacrolimus: May increase the risk of infections, particularly in patients with renal impairment. - Itraconazole, ketoconazole, and other strong inhibitors of CYP3A4: May increase the risk of adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids. - Phenytoin, phenobarbital, and rifampin: May decrease the effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids. Inhalers: Patient Education =========================== Inhaler Technique 1. Demonstrate and practice 2. Emphasize correct timing of inhalation and activation. 3. Provide a spacer for patients with coordination difficulties. \ Dose Tracking 1. Explain how to count remaining doses. 2. Encourage patients to refill prescriptions before running out. 3. Advise patients to keep inhalers in a safe and accessible location.