Respiratory Drugs Study Guide PDF

Summary

This document summarizes respiratory drugs, including various diseases of the lower respiratory tract. It covers topics like bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and different treatment approaches.

Full Transcript

Respiratory Drugs Diseases of the Lower Respiratory Tract Bronchial Asthma ================ Definition \ Pathophysiology Asthma Categories ----------------- ![](media/image3.png) ![](media/image8.jpeg) Chronic Bronchitis ------------------ ![](media/image10.png) Emphysema ========= Alveol...

Respiratory Drugs Diseases of the Lower Respiratory Tract Bronchial Asthma ================ Definition \ Pathophysiology Asthma Categories ----------------- ![](media/image3.png) ![](media/image8.jpeg) Chronic Bronchitis ------------------ ![](media/image10.png) Emphysema ========= Alveolar Destruction \ Reduced Gas Exchange ![](media/image12.jpeg) ##### Pharmacologic Overview Bronchodilators: Short-acting Beta-Agonists (SABAs) ![](media/image14.png) ![](media/image16.jpeg) ###### Bronchodilators: Long-acting Beta- Agonists (LABAs) ![](media/image18.png) ###### Bronchodilators: Beta- Adrenergic Agonists: Newest LABA 1. Indacaterol (Arcapta Neohaler) 2. Vilanterol ![](media/image20.jpeg) 3. Ellipta Delivery System ![](media/image22.png) Bronchodilators: Types ====================== ![](media/image25.png)![](media/image27.png) Nonselective Adrenergics \ Nonselective Beta- Adrenergics \ Selective Beta2 Drugs Beta-Adrenergic Agonists: Mechanism of Action ![](media/image29.jpeg) Beta-Adrenergic Agonists: Contraindications 1. Known Drug Allergy 2. Uncontrolled Hypertension 3. Cardiac Dysrhythmias 4. High Risk of Stroke Beta-Adrenergic Agonists: Adverse Effects ========================================= Alpha and Beta Effects - Insomnia - Restlessness - Anorexia - Vascular headache - Hyperglycemia - Tremor - Cardiac stimulation \ Cardiovascular Effects Central Nervous System Effects ![](media/image31.png) ##### Beta-Adrenergic Agonists: Interactions 1. 2. 3. 4. Beta-Adrenergic Agonists: Albuterol (Proventil) =============================================== Albuterol \ Important Considerations ![](media/image37.jpeg) ![](media/image40.png)![](media/image42.png) Dry Mouth \ Nasal Congestion Headache \ Anxiety Anticholinergics: Ipratropium (Atrovent) ======================================== Ipratropium (Atrovent) \ Other Anticholinergics 1. Tiotropium (Spiriva) 2. Aclidinium (Tudorza) 3. Umeclidinium (Incruse Ellipta) ![](media/image44.jpeg) ![](media/image46.png) Xanthine Derivatives: Drug Effects ================================== ![](media/image48.png)![](media/image50.png) Bronchodilation \ Increased Airflow \ CNS Stimulation \ Cardiovascular Stimulation ![](media/image52.jpeg) #### Xanthine Derivatives: Adverse Effects Xanthine Derivatives: Caffeine ============================== Over-the-Counter Use \ Pediatric Uses - Caffeine is used as a cardiac stimulant in infants with bradycardia. - Caffeine can also be used to enhance respiratory ![](media/image54.png) ![](media/image56.png) ![](media/image58.png) Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (LTRAs) \ Corticosteroids \ Mast Cell Stabilizers ![](media/image60.jpeg) ### Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (LTRAs) {#leukotriene-receptor-antagonists-ltras-1} ![](media/image64.png) ![](media/image69.jpeg) LTRAs: Contraindications ======================== Known Drug Allergy \ Previous Adverse Drug Reaction \ Inactive Ingredients LTRAs: Adverse Effects ====================== ![](media/image71.png)![](media/image73.png) Headache \ Nausea \ Diarrhea \ Dizziness #### Corticosteroids (Glucocorticoids) 1. 2. 3. 4. #### Corticosteroids: Mechanism of Action ![](media/image77.jpeg) ##### Corticosteroids: Mechanism of Action (Cont.) ##### Inhaled Corticosteroids Inhaled Corticosteroids: Indications ==================================== ![](media/image79.png) Asthma Management \ Persistent Asthma \ Combined Therapy ![](media/image81.jpeg) ![](media/image83.png) ### Inhaled Corticosteroids: Drug Interactions - May increase serum glucose levels, possibly requiring adjustments in dosages of antidiabetic drugs. - Cyclosporine and tacrolimus: May increase the risk of infections, particularly in patients with renal impairment. - Itraconazole, ketoconazole, and other strong inhibitors of CYP3A4: May increase the risk of adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids. - Phenytoin, phenobarbital, and rifampin: May decrease the effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids. Inhalers: Patient Education =========================== Inhaler Technique 1. Demonstrate and practice 2. Emphasize correct timing of inhalation and activation. 3. Provide a spacer for patients with coordination difficulties. \ Dose Tracking 1. Explain how to count remaining doses. 2. Encourage patients to refill prescriptions before running out. 3. Advise patients to keep inhalers in a safe and accessible location.

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