NUR 425 Review Questions PDF

NUR 425 -- Review Questions Week 5-7 ==================================== **[Week 5 ]** 1. Which nerve is primarily responsible for transmitting pain signals from the head and face to the brain? a. Facial nerve b. **Vagus nerve** c. Trigeminal nerve d. Glossopharyngeal...

NUR 425 -- Review Questions Week 5-7 ==================================== **[Week 5 ]** 1. Which nerve is primarily responsible for transmitting pain signals from the head and face to the brain? a. Facial nerve b. **Vagus nerve** c. Trigeminal nerve d. Glossopharyngeal nerve 2. Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in controlling movement? e. Serotonin f. **Dopamine** g. Acetylcholine h. GABA 3. Which of the following is required for the formation of short and long-term memories? i. Hypothalamus j. Cerebral Cortex k. Prefrontal Cortex l. **Hippocampus** 4. What role does Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) play in migraines? m. It causes vasoconstriction and reduces inflammation n. **It is released from trigeminal nerve endings and causes vasodilation and neurogenic inflammation** o. It stabilizes serotonin levels and prevents pain transmission p. It blocks nociceptors and prevents pain 5. Which of the following is a first-line preventive treatment for migraines? q. Sumatriptan r. **Propranolol** s. Dihydroergotamine t. Lidocaine 6. Which of the following treatments is used for acute relief of cluster headaches? u. Amitriptyline v. Topiramate w. **Oxygen Therapy** x. Verapamil 7. Which part of the brain is primarily affected in Parkinson's disease? y. Hippocampus z. **Substantia nigra** a. Cerebellum b. Medulla oblongata 8. What is the role of carbidopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease with Levodopa? c. Enhances the breakdown of levodopa d. **Inhibits the enzyme dopa decarboxylase** e. Increases the production of acetylcholine f. Reduces the side effects of dopamine 9. What dietary consideration is important for patients taking levodopa-carbidopa? g. Take medication with high-protein snack h. Avoid foods high in fiber i. **Take medication 30 mins before meals if tolerated** j. Increase intake of dairy products 10. Which type of dementia is characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles? k. Vascular dementia l. Frontotemporal dementia m. **Alzheimer's disease** n. Dementia with Lewy bodies 11. What is the primary role of acetylcholine in the brain, particularly in relation to dementia? o. Regulating blood pressure p. **Facilitating memory and learning** q. Controlling muscle movements r. Enhancing sensory perception 12. Which of the following medications regulates the activity of glutamate and is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease? s. Donepezil t. Rivastigmine u. **Memantine** v. Galantamine **[Week 6]** 1. Which hormone is most abundant in the thyroid gland? a. Tri-iodothyronine (T3) b. **Thyroxine (T4) \[converted into T3\]** c. Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) d. Calcitonin 2. What is the primary function of thyroid hormones T3 and T4? e. Regulating blood pressure f. **Increasing metabolic activity and protein synthesis** g. Controlling calcium levels in the blood h. Stimulating the adrenal glands 3. Which of the following is necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones? i. Calcium j. **Iodine** k. Potassium l. Magnesium 4. What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism? m. Thyroid cancer n. Toxic nodular goiter o. **Graves' disease** p. Thyroiditis 5. What is the role of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) in Graves' disease? q. They inhibit the release of T3 and T4 r. **They mimic TSH and stimulate the thyroid gland** s. They decrease the vascularity of the thyroid gland t. They block the conversion of T4 to T3 6. Which of the following is a potential complication of untreated hyperthyroidism? u. Hypocalcemia v. **Thyrotoxic crisis** w. Myxedema coma x. Agranulocytosis 7. What is the primary goal of pharmacotherapy for hypothyroidism? y. Reduce thyroid hormone levels z. **Restore euthyroid state** a. Increase TSH levels b. Prevent thyroid cancer 8. Which of the following statements regarding the management of hypothyroidism is true? c. Levothyroxine should be administered with food to enhance absorption d. Treatment of hypothyroidism may be discontinued after symptoms improve e. **With any dose changes in levothyroxine, TSH levels should be checked in 4-6 weeks to assess efficacy** f. Signs of levothyroxine toxicity include increased fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance 9. What is a potential complication of untreated hypothyroidism? g. Thyrotoxic crisis h. **Myxedema coma** i. Hypercalcemia j. Agranulocytosis **[Week 7 ]** 1. Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin? a. Vitamin C b. Vitamin B12 c. **Vitamin D** d. Vitamin B6 2. During starvation, how does the body utilize different macronutrients? e. Uses fats first, then carbohydrates, and finally proteins f. **Uses carbohydrates first, then fats, and finally proteins** g. Uses proteins first, then fats, and finally carbohydrates h. Uses carbohydrates and proteins simultaneously, then fats 3. Which of the following is a primary function of protein in the body? i. **Tissue growth and repair** j. Energy storage k. Insulation l. Hormone production 4. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely to occur with a decreased intake of fats? m. Vitamin C n. Vitamin B6 o. **Vitamin K** p. Vitamin B12 5. A patient with anorexia nervosa is most likely to present with which of the following clinical manifestations? (SATA) q. Oily skin r. **Lanugo** s. Hypophosphatemia t. Ocular edema u. **Sensitivity to cold** 6. A patient with bulimia nervosa may present with which of the following laboratory findings? v. Hyperkalemia w. **Increased amylase levels** x. Hyperglycemia y. Hypercalcemia 7. Which hormone, primarily produced by adipocytes acts as an appetite suppressant? z. Ghrelin a. Insulin b. **Leptin** c. Cortisol 8. Which medication reduces the metabolism and absorption of fat in the GI tract by inhibiting the action of digestive enzymes? d. Metformin e. **Orlistat** f. Liraglutide g. Naltrexone 9. Which surgical approach involves reducing the size of the stomach by placing an inflatable band around it? h. Gastric bypass i. Vertical sleeve gastrectomy j. **Gastric banding** k. Roux-en-Y anastomosis 10. Which of the following vitamins is essential for the metabolism of calcium and maintenance of bone health? l. Vitamin C m. **Vitamin D** n. Vitamin B12 o. Vitamin K 11. Which vitamin is used prenatally to prevent neural tube defects in the fetus and can manifest as anencephaly or spina bifida if deficient? p. Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) q. Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) r. Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) s. **Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)** 12. A patient with a vegan diet is at increased risk for which vitamin deficiency? t. Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) u. Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) v. Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) w. **Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)**